Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lijuan Jia, Yingying Zhong, Kai Li, Bin Li, Jiyun Gao, Tiancheng Liu, Fang Wang, Wanqin Wu, Jiayu Feng
Summary: This study investigated the optimal conditions for ammonia leaching of SZO dust and explored how impurities affect zinc resource recovery. The results showed that zinc oxide was the primary component dissolved in the ammonia leaching system, while zinc sulfide, lead oxide, and ferrous oxide remained mostly in the leaching slag. The study concluded that ammonium salt acted as a dipping aid and achieved a 93.40% Zn leaching rate. Impurities inhibited the leaching of Zinc Oxide but promoted the leaching of Zinc Sulfide, and recoverable lead and iron were found in the leachate.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Shuai Rao, Zhi-qiang Liu, Dong-xing Wang, Hong-yang Cao, Wei Zhu, Kui-fang Zhang, Jin-zhang Tao
Summary: Zinc, lead, gallium, and germanium were successfully separated and recovered from zinc refinery residues using stepwise leaching method. The process involved leaching with sulfuric acid followed by leaching with hydrochloric acid, and finally extracting germanium in sodium hydroxide solution. The proposed process achieved high recoveries of the target metals, presenting potential industrial applications.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chunfu Xin, Hongying Xia, Qi Zhang, Libo Zhang, Wei Zhang
Summary: A new process of leaching zinc oxide dust by ozone oxidation in a sulfuric acid system was studied, and it was found that leaching efficiency depends on factors such as ozone time, leaching temperature, initial acidity, leaching time, and liquid/solid mass ratio. The optimum conditions for leaching Zn and Ge from zinc oxide dust were determined, with ozone leaching showing higher extraction rates compared to atmospheric leaching. Ozone was identified as playing a key role in rapidly oxidizing sulfide and releasing encapsulated germanium.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yingxu Zhu, Zhigan Deng, Chang Wei, Yuan Yang, Pu Sun, Xingbin Li, Minting Li, Gang Fan
Summary: The study successfully used an adaptive process to treat germanium-containing secondary zinc oxide, and verified the efficiency and stability of the process through batch and continuous experiments. The leaching efficiencies of zinc and germanium were investigated separately in the experiments, and the process was found to be promising for industrial application.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chunfu Xin, Hongying Xia, Guiyu Jiang, Qi Zhang, Libo Zhang, Yingjie Xu
Summary: This study optimizes the leaching conditions of Germanium-containing residues (GCR) to maximize the leaching rates of zinc (Zn) and germanium (Ge). The research also identifies the reasons for the low leaching rate of Ge in GCR. The results provide valuable insights for the large-scale recycling of Zn and Ge resources in the future.
Article
Crystallography
Hui Li, Linfei Zhao, Le Wang, Jinglong Liang, Hongyan Yan, Jinrui Liu
Summary: In this study, a cleaner zinc recovery process using secondary zinc oxide (SZO) and a hydrometallurgical method was described. Through the addition of ammonium bicarbonate to a NH3-H2O system, zinc extraction was promoted with a maximum recovery rate of close to 80% under optimal leaching conditions.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Xilin Geng, Ying Liu, Wei Zhang, Liangshi Wang, Jiankang Wen, Jianzhi Sun
Summary: Germanium, with its excellent electrical and optical properties, plays a crucial role in various high-tech fields. However, the recovery efficiency of germanium is low, accompanied by high energy consumption and impurities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficient and low-consumption green processes to utilize germanium in zinc concentrate. This paper provides a systematic overview of the basic properties, key technologies, and recent advances in leaching and separation of germanium, focusing on the study of germanium species and coordination reactions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming Liang, Haokai Di, Yan Hong, Leiting Song, Jie Dai, Kun Yang, Libo Zhang
Summary: A new process involving ultrasonic and iron powder is proposed to enhance the efficiency of germanium leaching from zinc oxide dust. The addition of iron powder reduces the formation of insoluble Fe4Ge3O12, increasing the leaching efficiency by 5.30%. Ultrasonic dispersion of the iron powder reduces local reduction imbalance and decreases dissolved oxygen, resulting in a further increase of 3.87% in germanium leaching efficiency. These findings provide a new method and theoretical guidance for the efficient utilization of zinc oxide dust containing germanium, which is of significant importance.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marica Muscetta, Laura Clarizia, Marco Race, Francesco Pirozzi, Raffaele Marotta, Roberto Andreozzi, Ilaria Di Somma
Summary: This article proposes a new sustainable method for silver recovery, using UV/vis light-driven photocatalytic deposition technology to recover pure metallic silver from silver-containing leaching solutions. This method has the advantages of low environmental impact, mild operating conditions, and economic viability, and several operating conditions of the recovery process have been thoroughly investigated.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tao Zhang, Tao Jiang, Zhihong Liu
Summary: In this study, the tertiary amine-trioctyl phosphate-sulfonated kerosene system was employed to extract Ge(IV) from synthetic leachate of secondary zinc oxide. The effects of different complexing agents and impurities on the extraction were investigated, with tartaric acid showing the highest extraction efficiency for Ge(IV). Stoichiometry analysis revealed the specific type of extracted complex.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hao Jin, Jialiang Zhang, Cheng Yang, Linlin Ma, Yongqiang Chen, Chengyan Wang
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for the long-term healthy development of new energy vehicles and energy storage industries. This study innovatively employed cyclic voltammetry measurements to understand the reasons for the ineffective leaching of lithium from spent LFP materials and proposed a novel method of self-catalytic air pressure leaching for selective recovery of lithium from spent LFP batteries. The method utilizes green and cost-free air as the oxidant and self-owned Fe in LiFePO4 as the O2 deliverer and catalyst.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Qihang Dai, Longyan Li, Tuan K. A. Hoang, Tiancheng Tu, Bingjie Hu, Yiyang Jia, Mingdao Zhang, Li Song, Michel L. Trudeau
Summary: Secondary aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted extensive research due to their high energy density, low-cost, and environmental friendliness. However, their electrochemical performance is still unstable, mainly influenced by the cathode and anode materials as well as the properties of the aqueous electrolyte. This review explores the application and mechanism of different manganese oxides, investigates the zinc anode, aqueous electrolyte, and separator, and discusses the future prospects of secondary aqueous zinc batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shiyu Li, Thien Q. Tran, Qi Li, Bin Ji, Alexander S. Brand, Wencai Zhang
Summary: Experiments investigated the leaching behavior of Zn from end-of-life tire rubber. The analysis revealed that ZnO was the main Zn-containing phase in the material. Both exposed and encapsulated ZnO particles were found through SEM-EDS analysis. Acid leaching tests showed that carbon black in the material could be oxidized and dissolved by HNO3, resulting in the dissolution of completely encapsulated ZnO particles. Leaching tests using HNO3 as the lixiviant demonstrated that over 98% of Zn could be recovered under specific conditions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Parinaz Rafiee, Sina Ghassa, Farhad Moosakazemi, Rasoul Khosravi, Hossein Siavoshi
Summary: Germanium is a critical and rare element extracted as a byproduct of zinc and copper refining, with high-tech applications in optics and electronics industries. This study investigated germanium extraction from semiconductor diodes using acetic acid as a green reagent, showing over 70% extraction efficiency under specific conditions. Kinetic modeling revealed three phases of germanium dissolution with diffusion control and interfacial transfer as limiting-rate steps.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sudeshna Saikia, Rachel B. Costa, Arindam Sinharoy, Mirabelle P. Cunha, Marcelo Zaiat, Piet N. L. Lens
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of adsorption and precipitation for the removal and recovery of gallium, germanium and zinc, with biosorption and bioprecipitation showing high removal and recovery efficiencies for gallium and zinc.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Kyeong Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Summary: This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the separation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) using oxidation, precipitation, solvent extraction, and stripping techniques. Selective oxidation with potassium permanganate was employed for the separation of cerium (III). Solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 and cross-current scrubbing were used to achieve the separation of lanthanum (III) from neodymium (III) and praseodymium (III).
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Bo Chen, Shenxu Bao, Yimin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Al, Fe, P, Si and Na on the precipitation characteristics of vanadium in the ultrasound precipitation system. The concentration upper limits and the negative influence on the precipitation kinetics were determined for each impurity. The findings provide theoretical and technical support for the industrial application of ultrasound precipitation technology.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chunlin He, Mingwei Qi, Yun Liu, Zunzhang Liu, Yuezhou Wei, Toyohisa Fujita, Guifang Wang, Shaojian Ma, Wenchao Yang, Junyuan Gan
Summary: In this study, D201 x 7 resin and tartaric acid were used as materials and complexing agents for the separation of germanium from sulfuric acid solution. The study successfully achieved the separation of germanium and demonstrated the high selectivity and adsorption performance of the resin.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiaobo Zhu, Yue Liu, Chen Ma, Wang Li
Summary: A selective and highly effective method for the extraction and separation of V(IV) and Fe(III) using N235 and P507 as solvent extractants is proposed. The pH, composition, and concentration of the extractant mixture have significant effects on the extraction efficiency and separation factor. The mixing of P507 and N235 generates the P507 monomer, which enhances the extraction efficiency and weakens the stability of vanadium containing extraction complex. Cation exchange process forms the extraction complexes.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
B. Behnajady, J. Yousefi Seyf, S. Karimi, M. Moradi, M. Sohrabi
Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have potential as environmentally-friendly solvents for recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the chloride ions in DES can form complexes with lithium, manganese, and nickel ions, facilitating their extraction.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sebastian Kinas, Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak, Anna Dzimitrowicz, Piotr Cyganowski
Summary: The high demand for platinum-group metals (PGMs) and Re in economical and industrial applications related to environmental protection and energy conversion/storage has led to resource scarcity. Thus, it is crucial to recover and recycle these rare metals. This study critically reviews the recent progress in the effective recovery of PGMs and Re from materials relevant to sustainable technologies, emphasizing practical aspects, environmental impact, and issues related to the unit processes of recovery.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guopeng Yang, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang, Mingyu Wang, Zuoying Cao, Wenjuan Guan, Jiawei Du, Shengxi Wu
Summary: The study proposes an efficient, clean, and economical process for recovering V2O5 from titanium-white waste through hydrogen peroxide stripping and precipitation of vanadium products by heating. Experimental results show that the use of D2EHPA as a modifier prolongs the duration of maximum stripping efficiency, enabling continuous operation.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guisu Yu, Shuainan Ni, Yun Gao, Ditang Mo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This research proposes a novel green process for the selective recovery of rare earth elements (RE) from spent NdFeB permanent magnet using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES). Through optimization of extraction conditions and stripping method, efficient and clean separation and recovery have been achieved.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jia Li, Xinsheng Wu, Xiaozhou Zhou, Li Zeng, Shengxi Wu, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a complete hydrometallurgical route for the full-component utilization of deep-sea polymetallic nodules (DPN), achieving high recovery efficiency and near-zero waste production with low energy consumption.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sanae Elmisaoui, Abderrazak M. Latifi, Lhachmi Khamar
Summary: A first principles model is developed to describe the dissolution mechanism of phosphate ore particles in a solution of phosphoric acid. The model accounts for non-uniform size of ore particles using particle size distributions and quantifies their influence on the model predictions. A global estimability analysis is carried out to determine the estimable parameters from experimental data, and the predictions show good agreement with the experimental data. The computed activation energy indicates that diffusion is the rate limiting step of the dissolution process.