Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew B. Osman, Sloan Coats, Sarah B. Das, Joseph R. McConnell, Nathan Chellman
Summary: The reconstruction of the North Atlantic jet stream using last-millennium climate model simulations and Greenland ice core records shows that late 20th- and early 21st-century variations were likely not unique compared to natural variability. Insights from the 1,250 year reconstruction highlight the significant role of natural variability in masking the response of midlatitude atmospheric dynamics to anthropogenic forcing. Under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, the model projected annual mean position of the jet stream is expected to emerge as distinct from natural variability by as early as 2060 AD.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Zhang, Zhoufei Yu, Yue Wang, Xun Gong, Ann Holbourn, Fengming Chang, Heng Liu, Xuhua Cheng, Tiegang Li
Summary: This study explores the mechanism of the last deglacial global warming, highlighting the pivotal role of thermal coupling between the western Pacific warm pool and the Southern Ocean.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huw S. Groucutt, Tom S. White, Eleanor M. L. Scerri, Eric Andrieux, Richard Clark-Wilson, Paul S. Breeze, Simon J. Armitage, Mathew Stewart, Nick Drake, Julien Louys, Gilbert J. Price, Mathieu Duval, Ash Parton, Ian Candy, W. Christopher Carleton, Ceri Shipton, Richard P. Jennings, Muhammad Zahir, James Blinkhorn, Simon Blockley, Abdulaziz Al-Omari, Abdullah M. Alsharekh, Michael D. Petraglia
Summary: The research reveals distinct biological and cultural shifts between different hominin groups in Southwest Asia, with limited records from the vast arid region. Through studying sedimentary sequences, stone tools, and vertebrate fossils in the Nefud Desert, it is discovered that there were at least five early human expansions into the Arabian interior, coinciding with periods of reduced aridity. This suggests that ancient humans were sensitive to climate change and potentially migrated during times of decreased aridity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elke Zeller, Axel Timmermann, Kyung-Sook Yun, Pasquale Raia, Karl Stein, Jiaoyang Ruan
Summary: By simulating the evolution of the earth system-biome and analyzing extensive hominin fossil and archaeological data, we examine the impact of vegetation and ecosystem diversity on hominin adaptation and migration. The findings indicate that early African hominins primarily inhabited open environments such as grasslands and dry shrublands. As they migrated to Eurasia, hominins gradually adapted to a wider range of biomes. Furthermore, our ancestors actively selected spatially diverse environments, as evidenced by the correlation between the location and age of hominin sites and simulated regional biomes. In light of the quantitative results, a new diversity hypothesis is proposed, suggesting that Homo species, particularly Homo sapiens, possessed special abilities to adapt to landscape mosaics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joseph Basconcillo, Il-Ju Moon, Bin Wang, Malcolm Mistry
Summary: Research shows that compound climate extremes in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer are interconnected from the tropics to the Arctic, originating from the interannual variations of the Indo-Pacific warm pool's intertropical convergence zone.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xinru Li, Simon D. Donner
Summary: Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have increased in frequency and severity globally over recent decades. Warm-season MHWs have become more frequent, longer-lasting, featured higher peak intensity and accumulated heat stress. The increased accumulated heat stress is predominantly driven by the increased duration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niels Martin Schmidt, Tuomas Kankaanpaa, Mikko Tiusanen, Jeroen Reneerkens, Tom S. L. Versluijs, Lars Holst Hansen, Jannik Hansen, Hannah Sorine Gerlich, Toke T. Hoye, Alyssa R. Cirtwill, Mikhail K. Zhemchuzhnikov, Pablo Pena-Aguilera, Tomas Roslin
Summary: With global climate change, the Arctic is experiencing the fastest rates of change, which is expected to result in faster phenological shifts compared to lower latitudes. A study revisited a decade-long dataset from Zackenberg in High Arctic Greenland and found little directional change in the timing of events, despite ongoing climatic change. This finding can be attributed to a shift in temporal patterns of climate conditions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chao Sun, Xin-Zhong Liang
Summary: By improving the cumulus parameterization, we have successfully addressed the warm and dry summer biases in the central United States in climate models. These improvements better represent the lifting effect of small-scale rising motions associated with Great Plains low-level jets and midtropospheric perturbations, constraint the cumulus entrainment rate depending on the boundary layer depth, and adjust the cloud-to-rainwater conversion rate according to temperature. These improvements trigger mesoscale convective systems, lower cloud base and increase cloud depth, suppress penetrative cumuli, and increase water detrainment, resulting in consistently heavier precipitation, colder temperature, and a realistic atmospheric energy balance, essentially eliminating the warm and dry biases in the central United States.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
B. E. I. L. E. I. Wu, X. I. A. N. M. E. I. Lang, D. A. B. A. N. G. Jiang
Summary: In this study, the changes in summer precipitation modes over eastern China and associated mechanisms in past and future warm periods were investigated using CMIP6 models. The results showed that only the CESM2 model could well reproduce the observed summer precipitation modes at present. The CESM2 simulations indicated that the first leading mode of summer precipitation switches from meridional tripolar structure to dipole pattern during warm periods, and the second leading mode is generally a meridional tripolar mode different from the present dipole pattern.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lejiang Yu, Shiyuan Zhong, Bo Sun
Summary: The study shows that the occurrence of warm extremes in the Arctic region is significantly increasing in all seasons except for summer. The direction and magnitude of these trends are mainly influenced by the thermodynamic component, with the dynamic component and the interaction component being relatively smaller.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Berkelhammer, N. Insel, I Stefanescu
Summary: Recent droughts in the western United States have raised concerns about the impact of rising summer temperatures on tree mortality rates. Analysis of subfossil wood samples from Colorado dating to the last interglacial period showed that common conifers exhibited similar growth rates and water use efficiency compared to modern times, despite higher evaporative demand. High-resolution isotopic analysis revealed an enrichment in late season cellulose δ18O, indicating increased reliance on summer rain during the interglacial period. The data are consistent with model simulations suggesting wetter summers in the western US during the interglacial period may have compensated for drought stress caused by higher evaporative demand.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kui Gao, Xiuyang Jiang, Yaoqi He, Hsun-Ming Hu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Xin Zhang
Summary: In this study, the relationship between the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and westerlies at different time scales was investigated. The results reveal a long-term decrease in monsoon intensity over the past 4750 years, influenced by orbital solar forcing. Additionally, millennial-scale weak monsoon intervals were observed, showing an antiphase relationship with other paleoclimate records in Asia and southern Europe, but in phase with those in Nordic and Greenlandic regions.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Cheng You, Michael Tjernstrom, Abhay Devasthale
Summary: This study identifies warm and moist air intrusions over specific sea sectors from 1979 to 2018, and analyzes their impact on surface warming and sea ice melt. The analysis shows that these intrusions induce surface warming and sea ice melt through a variety of energy transfers, despite some negative anomalies in net shortwave radiation.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edward Armstrong, Miikka Tallavaara, Peter O. Hopcroft, Paul J. Valdes
Summary: A study has found that periodic wet phases in the Sahara region, known as North African Humid Periods, were influenced by Earth's orbital variations and were suppressed during glacial periods due to extensive ice sheets. This has implications for understanding the out of Africa dispersal of plants and animals during the Quaternary.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mulatu Liyew Berihun, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Nigussie Haregeweyn, Mitsuru Tsubo, Hiroshi Yasuda, Ayele Almaw Fenta, Yihun Taddele Dile, Haimanote Kebede Bayabil, Seifu Admassu Tilahun
Summary: This study examined the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in Ethiopia from 1901 to 2020. The results showed that inter-seasonal variability of rainfall and temperature was more pronounced than interannual variability. Only a small percentage of the country experienced statistically significant decreasing and increasing trends of rainfall, while there was a significant increasing trend of temperature. This study suggests the need for more attention and further research on climate change-sensitive zones in Ethiopia.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Zhipeng Wu, Qiuzhen Yin, Andrey Ganopolski, Andre Berger, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: During the Quaternary, the closure and opening of Hudson Bay have had significant impacts on local and global climates. Our study using the LOVECLIM1.3 model shows that the closure of Hudson Bay can strengthen the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, leading to a warming in the Northern Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere. This closure also affects surface properties and wind-driven sea ice export, resulting in cooling in specific regions.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Zhilin He, Zhongshi Zhang, Zhengtang Guo, Ning Tan, Zijiang Zhang, Zhipeng Wu, Chunxia Zhang, Chenglong Deng
Summary: This study compiled paleoenvironmental reconstructions and used numerical simulations to investigate the evolution and drivers of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) during the late Miocene. The results showed that the late Miocene climate underwent an overall drying trend in northern China but a wetting trend in the South China Sea and surrounding areas. The modeling results suggested that a decline in atmospheric CO2 may have been a key driver of the evolution of the EASM and SASM during the late Miocene.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Yanyan Yu, Feng He, Stephen J. Vavrus, Amber Johnson, Haibin Wu, Wenchao Zhang, Qiuzhen Yin, Junyi Ge, Chenglong Deng, Michael D. Petraglia, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: Through the study of soil models and climate simulations, we found that precipitation and temperature were the main climate factors influencing the population expansion in Eurasia from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene. Changes in population size in low latitude regions were mainly controlled by precipitation, while temperature played a dominant role in the middle-high latitude regions. These findings provide important clues for understanding the human dispersal during the Late Pleistocene.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Le Li, Gen K. Li, Tao Li, Shuangwen Yi, Huayu Lu, David William Hedding, Jun Chen, Gaojun Li
Summary: This study uses the (U-234/U-238) activity ratio to determine the provenance and depositional age of loess deposits in northeastern China. The results indicate that the Otindag Sandy Land is the most likely source of the aeolian dust, and the transportation time for the dust is approximately 432 thousand years. These findings are important for reconstructing the paleoclimate in this region.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenfang Zhang, Enlou Zhang, Enfeng Liu, Jordan T. Abell, Weiwei Sun, Zhenyu Ni, Rong Chen, Yue Cai, Xianqiang Meng
Summary: This study investigated the sediment composition of Lake Tuofengling in northeastern China over the past 25 thousand years and found that the sediments are a mixture of aeolian dust and local volcanic detritus. The aeolian dust component is predominantly from the Mongolia Plateau, likely carried by the East Asian Winter Monsoon. The results suggest that ice sheets and ocean circulation play a significant role in driving the East Asian Winter Monsoon.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhongshi Zhang, Eystein Jansen, Stefan Pieter Sobolowski, Odd Helge Ottera, Gilles Ramstein, Chuncheng Guo, Aleksi Nummelin, Mats Bentsen, Caoyi Dong, Xijin Wang, Huijun Wang, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: Climate model simulations suggest that changes in global sea level modify atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The recent increase in global mean sea-level rise presents a challenge in assessing its climate impacts, but previous warmer periods with higher sea levels provide a unique opportunity to investigate climate effects. Simulations show that a rise in sea level reorganizes atmospheric and oceanic circulations, and even a slight increase in global mean sea level can cause substantial adjustments in the global climate.
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Liang Zhao, Zhengtang Guo, Huaiyu Yuan, Xinxin Wang, Hao Shen, Jianfeng Yang, Baolu Sun, Ning Tan, Hui Zhang, Yonggang Liu, Yang Li, Jiamin Wang, Weiqiang Ji, Rixiang Zhu
Summary: Plate tectonics play a vital role in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentration over geological timescales. Current research on tectonic CO2 dynamics requires the development of models that include four modules: simulating carbon processes, calculating CO2 fluxes, reconstructing carbon cycling within tectonic scenarios, and comparing with atmospheric CO2 history data. The primary technical challenge lies in simulating the complex carbon dynamics across different scales in time and space.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoguang Qin, Xin Ren, Xu Wang, Jianjun Liu, Haibin Wu, Xingguo Zeng, Yong Sun, Zhaopeng Chen, Shihao Zhang, Yizhong Zhang, Wangli Chen, Bin Liu, Dawei Liu, Lin Guo, Kangkang Li, Xiangzhao Zeng, Hai Huang, Qing Zhang, Songzheng Yu, Chunlai Li, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: Landforms on the Martian surface provide valuable insights into past surface processes, but the modern hydroclimatic conditions on Mars are still not well understood. This study reports the discovery of various surface features on salt-rich dunes in southern Utopia Planitia, suggesting the involvement of saline water from thawed frost/snow as the most likely cause. The findings shed light on the more humid conditions of the modern Martian climate and have important implications for future exploration missions searching for signs of extant life.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chenxi Xu, S. -Y. Simon Wang, Krishna Borhara, Brendan Buckley, Ning Tan, Yaru Zhao, Wenling An, Masaki Sano, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: This study reconstructed annual precipitation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and Australian summer monsoon (AusSM) from 1588 to 2013 (1588 to 1999) to examine the relationship between ENSO and monsoon and how it has changed. The results showed that the ENSO-monsoon relationship has become stronger since 1850, indicating the influence of anthropogenic climate warming. Climate model projections further suggested that global warming can strengthen the ENSO-monsoon association and synchronize ASM and AusSM variations.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongxu Cai, Xianyan Wang, Guangwei Li, Ruohong Jiao, Barry Kohn, Wenbin Zhu, Johan De Grave, Huayu Lu
Summary: Research suggests that the reduced incision of rivers in the Yarlung River region of the Tibetan Plateau over the past 7 million years can be attributed to the accelerated extension of the southern Tibetan Plateau, which has hindered the upstream migration of river knickpoints.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yaru Zhao, Chenxi Xu, Yucheng Liu, Wenling An, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: This study reconstructed a 400-year streamflow time series for the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar using tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopes (d18O) and examined the changes in hydrological extremes before and after global warming. The study found an increase in extreme drought events in the region, with the frequency of droughts significantly increasing since the 1850s. The persistent drought conditions during 2000-2017 were unprecedented in the last 400 years, and this increase in drought events is attributed to the weakening of the Indian Summer Monsoon and rising temperatures.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianghu Lan, Jun Cheng, Sakonvan Chawchai, Xingxing Liu, Peng Cheng, Yitao Liu, Smith Leknettip, Hong Yan, Youbin Sun, Jibao Dong, Hai Xu, Xiaolin Ma, Haiwei Zhang, Fengyan Lu, Libin Ma, Liangcheng Tan, Zhengyu Liu
Summary: This research reveals a significant shift in the seasonal rainfall regime from summer to winter in the Thai-Malay Peninsula during the Holocene, as a result of changes in summer and winter monsoons. The findings suggest that climate change around the boundaries of rainfall regimes in the tropics and possibly worldwide could cause instability in the seasonal rainfall regime, which is crucial for shaping ecological environments in the past and future.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Rong Wang, C. Patrick Doncaster, Wenxiu Zheng, Min Xu, Hui Yang, Yun Li, Yongjiu Cai, Yanjie Zhao, Enlou Zhang, Xiangdong Yang, Boqiang Qin
Summary: The positive relationship between biodiversity and productivity is important in restoring damaged ecosystems, especially in freshwater lakes.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiawei Da, Daniel O. Breecker, Tao Li, Gaojun Li, Huayu Lu, Junfeng Ji
Summary: By analyzing the geochemistry of calcite nodules from the Red Clay sequence in southern China's Loess Plateau, it was discovered that the climate was humid during the early Pliocene, became drier starting at 4.1 Ma, and intensified at 3.6 Ma. The timing of these hydrological variations are consistent with global temperature changes, highlighting the crucial role of meridional thermal gradient in shaping the regional hydroclimate over East Asia.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenling An, Chenxi Xu, Slobodan B. B. Markovic, Shanlei Sun, Yue Sun, Milivoj B. B. Gavrilov, Zoran Govedar, Qingzhen Hao, Zhengtang Guo
Summary: Widespread and frequent droughts have affected most parts of Europe over recent years. The onset of the drying trend in southern Europe occurred around the 1850s, and anthropogenic warming has enhanced the strength of land-atmosphere coupling and exacerbated the widespread drying trend since then. This persistent drying trend in southern Europe is likely the result of warming and close coupling between soil moisture and atmospheric temperature.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)