Article
Thermodynamics
Pravin Ashok Madane, Subrata Bhowmik, Rajsekhar Panua
Summary: The study highlights the positive influence of Undi ester blended diesel on the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine. The ester blends improve brake thermal efficiency and decrease energy consumption, but result in higher nitrogen oxide emissions. Undi ethyl ester blends show slightly better performance than UME blends, with higher maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nageswara Rao Gangolu, Bala Rama Krishna Chunchu, Abshalomu Yallamati, Radha Krishna Gopidesi
Summary: Experimental results showed that B20 biodiesel blend at compression ratio 19 exhibited lower emissions and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to other samples, suggesting the promising outcome for compression ignition engines with the use of B20 at CR19.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ravikumar Jayabal, Sekar Subramani, Damodharan Dillikannan, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Lakshmanan Thangavelu, Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan, Gopal Kaliyaperumal, Melvin Victor De Poures
Summary: This study investigates the combined effect of compression ratio and exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion, performance, and emissions of a common rail direct injection engine fueled by a blend of sapota methyl ester and diesel. The results show that increasing the compression ratio reduces ignition delay and increases heat release rate. Higher exhaust gas recirculation rates reduce nitrogen oxide emissions but increase smoke opacity. The use of the biodiesel blend reduces hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions compared to neat diesel. The optimal condition for improved combustion, performance, energy, and reduced emissions is a 50% biodiesel blend with a compression ratio of 16 and an exhaust gas recirculation rate of 20%.
Article
Thermodynamics
Rajendran Prabakaran, G. Manikandan, P. Somasundaram, Poongavanam Ganesh Kumar, Mohammad Salman, C. Jegadheesan, Sung Chul Kim
Summary: This study investigates the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a multi-cylinder diesel engine using tea tree oil (TTO) blended with diethyl ether (DEE) and diesel. The results show that the TTO blends have higher cetane numbers but lower brake power and thermal efficiency compared to diesel. However, their carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are significantly reduced, while nitrogen oxide emissions are slightly higher.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Munimathan Arunkumar, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Asif Afzal, Thanikodi Sathish, Manickam Ravichandran, Sher Afghan Khan, Nur Azam Abdullah, Muhammad Hanafi Bin Azami, Mohammad Asif
Summary: Countries worldwide are turning to alternative fuels like biodiesel to reduce environmental pollution. This study focused on the properties of castor oil biodiesel and compared its performance on diesel engines at different engine loads and speeds. Results showed that B5 and B20 biodiesel samples had similar power output at 1500 rpm, with diesel fuel showing better control, while at 2000 rpm, B5 samples had increased power but B20 samples performed similarly to diesel fuel.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohammed Owais Ahmed Sajjad, T. Sathish, M. Rajasimman, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: In this study, biodiesel was produced from soapberry seed oil using the transesterification process. Three different blends of biodiesel and diesel fuel were tested in CRDI engines to evaluate their combustion, performance, and pollution characteristics. The 30BDSS blend showed the best results with higher NOx emissions but lower residual emissions compared to 100% diesel fuel.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
J. Mercy Nisha Pauline, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, T. Anbarasan, Anant Achary
Summary: Experimental study on converting waste cooking oil into biodiesel was conducted, with results showing that the reaction works best at high temperatures, and waste cooking oil can be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohan Govindasamy, Silambarasan Rajendran
Summary: This investigation explores the potential use of sapota biodiesel as a partial substitute for diesel fuel, demonstrating promising thermal stability, combustion characteristics, and reduced emissions. Experimental results show that the brake thermal efficiency of B20 is 1.08% higher than diesel, but the NO emissions from biodiesel are elevated due to a higher quantity of unsaturated esters.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sai Manoj Rayapureddy, Jonas Matijosius, Alfredas Rimkus
Summary: Depletion in fossil fuel levels and environmental concerns have led to the search for sustainable alternative fuels, with scientists suggesting that using fuel blends may lead to sustainability. This article analyzes performance and exhaust emission characteristics of two different alternative fuels blended in different proportions, aiming to evaluate their combustion characteristics for further assessment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Mubarak, A. Shaija, T. V. Suchithra
Summary: Experimental results show that using Salvinia molesta biodiesel blend as fuel in diesel engines can significantly reduce peak pressure and heat release rate, as well as improve performance and reduce emissions, with B20 blend performing the best.
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Gowthaman, K. Thangavel
Summary: The study shows that coconut shell oil and its blends can be effectively used in diesel engines, resulting in better combustion performance and lower emissions. The CSO20 blend exhibits lower fuel consumption rate and higher heat release rate, while producing fewer pollutants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
J. Hemanandh, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Ruby Mishra, Nagaraj Meenakshisundaram
Summary: This study focused on preparing biofuels from chicken slaughter waste, broiler excrete, and fish waste, and evaluating their impact on emission parameters in a diesel engine. The experiment results showed that the biofuels blended with diesel effectively reduced CO, HC, and NO emissions, while the CO2 emissions increased for fish waste and diesel blend.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Aditya Narayan Bhatt, Nitin Shrivastava
Summary: The depleting fossil fuel reserves, rising air pollution, and technology transformation threat have put the internal combustion engine-based automotive industries in a critical condition. The development of improved biofuels, specifically higher alcohols blended with diesel and biodiesel, shows promise in meeting emission norms. This study investigates the engine characteristics of moderately preheated ternary fuel blends and finds that it leads to reduced fuel consumption, emissions, and improved efficiency. A neural network model is developed to predict engine characteristics, achieving high accuracy and low error rates.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shankar Vitthal Kodate, Pragada Satyanarayana Raju, Ajay Kumar Yadav, G. N. Kumar
Summary: Preheating VIME biodiesel and diesel blends can improve the thermal efficiency of a diesel engine, reduce specific energy consumption, and decrease CO and HC emissions.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Cheekoti Venkata Rajam, Geetanjali V. Patil, Mahadev I. Sakri, Ramesh N. Jeeragal, M. Adimurthy
Summary: Compression Ignition engines can run on a mixture of diesel and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBD). An experimental analysis was conducted to study the effects of using diesel-WCOBD blends on combustion, performance, emissions, and vibrations. The results showed that partially replacing diesel with WCOBD can help address the environmental and health issues caused by excessive diesel usage and reuse of cooking oil.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuang Wang, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Sivakumar Esakkimuthu, Kalam Azad
Summary: This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine fueled with orange oil methyl ester (OME) as an alternative fuel, with the addition of oxygenated additives like ethanol and diethyl ether. The OME10DEE blend showed improved fuel properties and higher performance characteristics compared to diesel, with a significant reduction in HC, NOx, and smoke emissions. The study recommends the application of OME10DEE as a renewable and cleaner alternative fuel for diesel engines.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ayyasamy Tamilvanan, Kulendran Balamurugan, Bragadeshwaran Ashok, Pandiaraj Selvakumar, Subbaiyan Dhamotharan, Moorthy Bharathiraja, Viswanathan Karthickeyan
Summary: The experimental investigation focused on the working characteristics of compression ignition engine with oxygenated additives, showing that ethanol and DEE can enhance brake thermal efficiency. DEE blended fuels exhibited superior combustion characteristics and exergy efficiency compared to other blends.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Arulraj Paulraj
Summary: The study evaluates the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Jojoba oil biodiesel blended with Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) as an antioxidant. The results show that adding BHA improves engine efficiency but increases emissions. Among the different fuel samples prepared, JB100+ BHA1000 exhibits lower nitrogen oxide emissions.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Shuang Wang, Sivakumar Esakkimuthu
Summary: The study aims to improve efficiency and reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines by using lemongrass biofuel and coating the combustion unit with ceramic layer. This approach resulted in higher engine efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and decreased emissions like smoke, HC, and CO, though NOx levels remained relatively unchanged.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dhileepan Sekar, Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan, Karthickeyan Viswanathan
Summary: In this study, orange oil biodiesel was produced from non-edible oil and blended with diesel in different proportions. Two specific combustion chamber shapes were developed for diesel engines to evaluate engine characteristics, with one showing improved efficiency, decreased fuel consumption, and lower engine exhaust emissions compared to the other. The combined use of low viscous orange oil methyl ester and piston bowl geometry modification was considered beneficial for achieving upgraded engine characteristics.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Wei Wu, Zoltan K. Nagy
Summary: Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) waste collected from kitchen and restaurant wastes can cause sewer blockage in many countries due to increased human activities. A new FOG waste-to-chemicals process has been developed to produce biodiesel and other by-products, demonstrating environmental benefits.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chuan Yuan, Qian Liu, Peijun Li, Bahram Barati, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Shuang Zhao, Shuang Wang, Bin Cao, Yamin Hu
Summary: The pyrolysis characteristics of waste clay oil were studied through thermogravimetric and reaction kinetic analysis, with a focus on the effects of different pyrolysis temperatures. The results showed that higher temperatures promoted decarboxylation reactions and potentially cyclization reactions during the pyrolysis process. Additionally, a fixed bed rapid pyrolysis experiment was conducted to further analyze the properties of the pyrolysis products.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wei Wu, Ching-Ting Pai, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Jo-Shu Chang
Summary: This study discusses the life cycle assessment of hydrogen/methanol production processes connected with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) and methanol reformer-embedded fuel cell vehicles (MRFCV). By comparing the environmental impacts of different production processes, it is concluded that the MRFCV associated with SC3(MeO)(H) is more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than the HFCV associated with SC2(H2).
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Wei Wu, Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu, Walairat Chandra-Ambhorn
Summary: This study evaluated annona seed oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, finding promising results in diesel engine performance when combined with propyl gallate. Through YPSZ coating, liquid reductant reduction, and process optimization, significant improvements in combustion and emissions reduction were achieved.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
S. Thiyagarajan, EdwinGeo Varuvel, V. Karthickeyan, Ankit Sonthalia, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, C. G. Saravanan, B. Dhinesh, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Compression ignition (CI) engines using fossil diesel are major contributors to air pollution. Previous studies have attempted to replace fossil diesel with biofuels to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but the performance has been sub-standard. Researchers have introduced hydrogen with biofuels in an attempt to improve engine performance. This study examines the effects of hydrogen addition with biodiesel/vegetable oil from various sources in CI engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Safdar Abbas, Wei Wu
Summary: This article addresses the thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge through a downdraft gasifier. It proposes a hybrid modeling approach using a two-zone equilibrium and one-zone kinetic model for sewage sludge gasification. The study finds that the syngas compositions and cold gas efficiency are sensitive to variations in gasifying agent flow rates, feedstock flow rate, and gasifier temperature and pressure. The article concludes by using an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal operating conditions under prescribed constraints.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nataraj Ganesan, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, S. V. Karthic, Porpatham Ekambaram, Wei Wu, Dai-Viet N. Vo
Summary: The present study investigates the combined effect of split injection techniques and RCCI-dual-fuel combustion in a single-cylinder CRDI research engine operated with waste cooking oil (WCO) bio-fuel and methanol. The experimental results show that this combination can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce NOx and smoke emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu, Wei Wu
Summary: This study investigates a novel biofuel feedstock, Petit grain bitter orange oil, and its potential as an alternative energy source. Through experimental testing and analysis, the fuel properties, chemical composition, and thermal analysis of this biofuel were determined. The results showed that it performs well in terms of emissions, but its performance and combustion characteristics are better with diesel fuel.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wei Wu, Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu, Wei-Chen Chang, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Yi-Lin Xie, Po-Chih Kuo
Summary: A torrefied biomass polygeneration system has been developed to simultaneously produce electricity, hydrogen, and synthetic natural gas. Three different frameworks are proposed to meet the daily energy demands, and the results show that the third framework has lower operating costs and levelized cost of energy compared to the second framework.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.