Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivo Horstkoetter, Philipp Gesner, Kerstin Hadler, Bernard Baeker
Summary: Understanding the degradation processes of lithium-ion cells is a current and pressing challenge, influenced by various operating conditions. Experimentation has shown that the discharge dynamics of a load profile significantly impact battery degradation, with higher current gradients resulting in larger degradation rates. This linear relationship between current gradient and degradation rate highlights the importance of considering dynamic influences in battery aging studies.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Review
Thermodynamics
Xinghui Zhang, Zhao Li, Lingai Luo, Yilin Fan, Zhengyu Du
Summary: Electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries have great potential in alleviating energy and environmental issues, but temperature management is crucial for their development and propagation. Both high and low temperature environments can negatively impact battery performance and safety, requiring proper handling.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gaizka Saldana, Jose Ignacio San Martin, Inmaculada Zamora, Francisco Javier Asensio, Oier Onederra, Mikel Gonzalez-Perez
Summary: This paper presents a calendar ageing model for nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries used in commercialized electric vehicles. The model is based on experimental data and a power law to simulate the influence of storing time. The study finds that storing temperature and State of Charge (SoC) are the most harmful factors in the degradation of these batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Karan Shukla, Abu Raihan Mohammad Siddique, Kumar Venkateshwar, Mohammad Reza Mohaghegh, Syeda Humaira Tasnim, Shohel Mahmud
Summary: In the current era of sustainability, the effect of vibrations on the thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries in electric and hybrid electric vehicles is experimentally analyzed. Different discharge rates, frequencies, and amplitudes of vibrations are considered, and it is observed that vibrations affect the transient temperature distribution of the batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Junming Zhang, Hong Liu, Minxue Zheng, Mingyi Chen, Luyao Zhao, Daolin Du
Summary: The study proposes a coupled heating method using phase change materials (PCM) and heat films (HF) to warm up traction batteries at low temperatures, comparing two heating modes for effectiveness. It was found that while Heating Mode II had a faster heating rate, it had poorer temperature uniformity compared to Heating Mode I. Various factors affecting the heating performance of the coupled PCM/HF method were also investigated.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yuqiang Zeng, Divya Chalise, Sean D. Lubner, Sumanjeet Kaur, Ravi S. Prasher
Summary: As lithium-ion battery (LIB) research shifts towards high energy density and fast charging batteries, traditional assumptions about battery thermal management around room temperature may not hold true. A comprehensive review of thermal considerations for LIBs targeting high energy density and fast charging is necessary, including optimal thermal conditions, heat transport and generation inside the battery, and thermal management strategies. To maintain temperature uniformity and prevent excessive internal temperature rise, enhancing heat transfer inside the battery and reducing thermal contact resistance between electrodes can significantly improve the effective thermal conductivity of batteries.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sihong He, Han Lei, Kejian Dong, Shahid Ali Khan, Jiyun Zhao
Summary: This study selects Na2S2O3·5H2O (STP) and CH3COONa·3H2O (SAT) as supercooling salt hydrates to preheat lithium-ion batteries. The optimal design is to cover all sides of the battery with a salt hydrate thickness of 8.0 mm at 253.15 K, with heating rates of 0.236 K/s and 0.205 K/s for SAT and STP, respectively. However, as the ambient temperature increases to 273.15 K, the effective utilization of SAT and STP decreases, and a higher discharge rate provides higher effective utilization.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Liu Yang, Fengjiao Zhou, Lei Sun, Songyang Wang
Summary: This review paper discusses various cooling strategies, including air-cooled, liquid-based, and PCM-cooled techniques, employed in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The application of nanofluids and nano-phase change materials (nano-PCMs) in BTMSs to improve heat dissipation from the LIB pack is also assessed, with an emphasis on enhancing their thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zaichao Li, Yuang Zhang, Fantao Meng, Lu Liu, Ronghui Han, Shufen Zhang, Bingtao Tang
Summary: A novel composite phase change material (PCM) was prepared and applied in a low-temperature Li-ion battery thermal management system. It showed good thermal performance and flexibility, effectively insulating the battery in low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Charlotte Roe, Xuning Feng, Gavin White, Ruihe Li, Huaibin Wang, Xinyu Rui, Cheng Li, Feng Zhang, Volker Null, Michael Parkes, Yatish Patel, Yan Wang, Hewu Wang, Minggao Ouyang, Gregory Offer, Billy Wu
Summary: Battery thermal management systems are critical for high-performance electric vehicles. Immersion cooling can significantly increase heat transfer rate, but system complexity and fluid stability should be considered.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Yusheng Zheng, Yunhong Che, Xiaosong Hu, Xin Sui, Daniel-Ioan Stroe, Remus Teodorescu
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of temperature estimation techniques in battery systems, discussing potential metrics, different estimation methods, and their strengths and limitations in battery management. The challenges and future opportunities in battery thermal state monitoring are also identified and discussed.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luyao Zhao, Minxue Zheng, Junming Zhang, Hong Liu, Wei Li, Mingyi Chen
Summary: Thermal runaway, caused by lithium plating in low-temperature cycling LIBs, is a significant hazard that hinders the application of LIBs in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. This study developed a thermal runaway model that includes the exothermic reaction between metal lithium and electrolyte to account for the aging effect. Validation tests confirmed the effectiveness of the model. The results revealed a three-stage process for thermal runaway and demonstrated that the reaction between plated lithium and electrolyte at around 140 degrees C accelerates the onset of thermal runaway.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Haijun Ruan, Jorge Varela Barreras, Marco Steinhardt, Andreas Jossen, Gregory J. Offer, Billy Wu
Summary: This study reviews the current state-of-the-art self-heating methods and proposes the heating triangle as a new quantitative indicator for comparing self-heating methods. The heating triangle considers three fundamental metrics: specific heating rate, coefficient of performance, and specific temperature difference, enabling a quantitative assessment of self-heating methods. The analysis shows that similar metrics are observed for the same type of self-heating method, supporting the universality of the proposed indicator. The proposed heating triangle provides a standardized approach to compare heating methods and drive innovation.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yujie Wang, Xingchen Zhang, Zonghai Chen
Summary: This paper provides a systematic review, comparison, and discussion of low temperature preheating techniques for lithium-ion batteries. The basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are analyzed and compared in five dimensions. The future development directions and challenges of low temperature preheating techniques for lithium-ion batteries are also discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shen Li, Niall Kirkaldy, Cheng Zhang, Krishnakumar Gopalakrishnan, Tazdin Amietszajew, Laura Bravo Diaz, Jorge Varela Barreras, Mosayeb Shams, Xiao Hua, Yatish Patel, Gregory J. Offer, Monica Marinescu
Summary: The study developed a comprehensive electro-thermal model for cylindrical lithium-ion cells, showing that increasing the number of tabs connecting the jellyroll to the base can reduce internal thermal gradient by up to 25.41%. Side cooling was found to be more effective than base cooling at removing heat, with both methods resulting in similar thermal gradients within the cell. The modeling framework created is an essential tool for energy storage system design.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yeshu Tan, Jianrui Feng, Liqun Kang, Longxiang Liu, Fangjia Zhao, Siyu Zhao, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing, Guanjie He, Ivan P. Parkin
Summary: This paper presents a self-standing electrocatalyst, Ni2P/CoP nanosheet, fabricated on three-dimensional Ni foams by two facile steps, which exhibits high activity and stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in different electrolytes. The as-prepared electrocatalyst demonstrates remarkable HER performance in neutral and alkaline media, and maintains excellent chemical stability. It shows great potential for efficient hydrogen production by re-utilizing wastewater resources.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Velia F. Valdes-Lopez, Luis Castanheira, Gareth Hinds, Thomas Bacquart, J. I. S. Cho, Tom Mason, Paul R. Shearing, Daniel J. L. Brett
Summary: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a challenge for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study investigates the dynamics of CO poisoning in galvanostatically operated cells by measuring the anode overpotential at different locations. It was found that the region closest to the inlet was poisoned more rapidly with higher CO coverage, and the distribution of CO coverage was affected by varying CO concentration and local conditions. Complex oscillations of cell voltage and anode overpotential were observed and correlated with CO oxidation rate. It was also identified that there were dominant coupling areas for different processes in the cell.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anders S. Nielsen, Brant A. Peppley, Odne S. Burheim
Summary: Fuel-assisted solid oxide electrolysis cells have the potential to generate power and valuable chemicals by supplying fuels to the cell's anode. A new mass and heat transport model has been developed to track the reaction pathways and enhance the performance of these cells. This study provides insights for designers to optimize the efficiency and product selectivity of fuel-assisted solid oxide electrolysis cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gavin D. J. Harper, Emma Kendrick, Paul A. Anderson, Wojciech Mrozik, Paul Christensen, Simon Lambert, David Greenwood, Prodip K. Das, Mohamed Ahmeid, Zoran Milojevic, Wenjia Du, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing, Alireza Rastegarpanah, Rustam Stolkin, Roberto Sommerville, Anton Zorin, Jessica L. Durham, Andrew P. Abbott, Dana Thompson, Nigel D. Browning, B. Layla Mehdi, Mounib Bahri, Felipe Schanider-Tontini, D. Nicholls, Christin Stallmeister, Bernd Friedrich, Marcus Sommerfeld, Laura L. Driscoll, Abbey Jarvis, Emily C. Giles, Peter R. Slater, Virginia Echavarri-Bravo, Giovanni Maddalena, Louise E. Horsfall, Linda Gaines, Qiang Dai, Shiva J. Jethwa, Albert L. Lipson, Gary A. Leeke, Thomas Cowell, Joseph Gresle Farthing, Greta Mariani, Amy Smith, Zubera Iqbal, Rabeeh Golmohammadzadeh, Luke Sweeney, Vannessa Goodship, Zheng Li, Jacqueline Edge, Laura Lander, Viet Tien Nguyen, Robert J. R. Elliot, Oliver Heidrich, Margaret Slattery, Daniel Reed, Jyoti Ahuja, Aleksandra Cavoski, Robert Lee, Elizabeth Driscoll, Jen Baker, Peter Littlewood, Iain Styles, Sampriti Mahanty, Frank Boons
Summary: This roadmap presents the market dynamics and their influence on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), with a focus on safety throughout the life cycle. Various options for end-of-life (EOL) disposal, such as remanufacturing, reuse, and recycling, are discussed. Diagnostics play a crucial role in assessing battery health and condition, and improvements to diagnostic techniques are evaluated. The future of LIB recycling lies in automated dismantling of EOL battery packs and the development of design for recycling and new cell design approaches.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Silje Nornes Bryntesen, Armin Kahrom, Jacob Joseph Lamb, Ignat Tolstorebrov, Odne Stokke Burheim
Summary: This study aims to understand the influence of drying methods on the solvent evaporation rate and material quality in the large-scale production of NMC cathodes, comparing the conventional vacuum oven used in laboratories with the industrial convection drying method. By studying the drying kinetics and their impact on surface cracks and binder migration, it was found that different drying conditions lead to structural differences, highlighting the importance of implementing drying conditions that represent the industrial process in laboratories.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wenjia Du, Zhenyu Zhang, Francesco Iacoviello, Shangwei Zhou, Rhodri E. Owen, Rhodri Jervis, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: The zinc-ion battery is a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices due to abundant zinc materials and high energy density. However, the formation of zinc dendrites during charge-discharge cycling hinders practical application. In this study, operando digital optical microscopy and in situ lab-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the morphologies of zinc electrodeposition/dissolution in symmetric Zn||Zn cells. The results reveal the dynamic nucleation and growth of zinc deposits, heterogeneous transportation of charged clusters/particles, and evolution of 'dead' zinc particles through partial dissolution. The findings shed light on the formation mechanism of zinc dendrites and offer insights into suppressing their growth.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jie Lin, Siyu Zhao, Thomas G. Tranter, Zhenyu Zhang, Fei Peng, Dan Brett, Rhodri Jervis, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: Modelling and understanding the electrochemical performance of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) at high rates is a challenging task. This study investigated the material properties and performance of commercially sourced Nb2O5 using various characterization techniques. The experimental results were used to parameterize a Doyle-Fuller-Newman electrochemical model, which accurately predicted the battery performance up to 5C rates. However, at higher C-rates, the properties of Nb2O5 were found to be rate-dependent, indicating a change in the dominant charge storage mechanism.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Trym Baerheim, Jacob J. Lamb, Jonas Kristiansen Noland, Odne S. Burheim
Summary: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential and limitations of first-generation electric aviation technology, and emphasize Norway's geographical advantages and unique regional network. Electric flight distances of up to 400 km could cover 77% of all flights within Norway. There is limited research on the suitability of battery-powered all-electric aviation in such scenarios, making Norway an ideal case study location. Key factors such as battery technologies, propulsion systems, aircraft designs, and flight profiles are investigated to evaluate the feasibility of specific routes in terms of power, energy, and battery size. A case study of different flight distances in Norway (77-392 km) and two aircraft types (one retrofitted with electric powertrain and one specifically designed for electric drivetrain) is presented. While the completely redesigned aircraft meets the power requirements of the routes, modest improvements in battery energy density would enable retrofitting of existing aircraft. The study concludes that operating small electric aircraft (with 9-39 passengers) on short-haul flights in Norway is feasible through new designs or retrofitting.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Srinivas Gadipelli, Jian Guo, Zhuangnan Li, Christopher A. Howard, Yini Liang, Hong Zhang, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett
Summary: By analyzing and optimizing commonly applied electrode fabrication methods, this study demonstrates the key factors that control the capacitance performance of RGO electrodes. It is found that the electrode preparation method can lead to significant differences in capacitance values, with variations of over 100%. By optimizing the electrode processing method, a direct relationship between the surface area of RGO structures and capacitance is revealed.
Article
Electrochemistry
Lena Spitthoff, Markus Solberg Wahl, Jacob Joseph Lamb, Paul Robert Shearing, Preben J. S. Vie, Odne Stokke Burheim
Summary: Understanding and mitigating battery degradation is crucial for financial and environmental reasons. This study examines how degradation affects heat sources in batteries, emphasizing the need for dynamic cooling strategies throughout battery life. The research focuses on reversible and non-reversible heat sources in a commercial lithium-ion battery, and investigates the impact of thermal management strategies on degradation and cooling efficiency. The findings indicate that entropic heating plays a significant role in heat generation, resulting in temperature variations and increased thickness as the battery degrades.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anders S. Nielsen, Brant A. Peppley, Odne S. Burheim
Summary: Solid oxide co-electrolysis cells offer a promising route to convert carbon dioxide and steam into syngas utilizing renewable energy. However, challenges remain in understanding the reaction pathways that contribute to carbon monoxide production and carbon deposition in the cathode. This research develops a numerical model to track the reaction pathways and proposes operation strategies to mitigate carbon deposition.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lena Spitthoff, Markus Solberg Wahl, Preben J. S. Vie, Odne Stokke Burheim
Summary: In this study, thermal conductivities of pristine and degraded electrodes from commercial lithium-ion batteries were measured under different conditions. The effect of degradation on thermal transport was assessed, and the overall cell cooling efficiency was reported. The reduction in electrode thermal conductivity was found to be up to 65%, with the highest decrease observed in dry graphite anodes. Mechanical clamping and cold temperatures were found to mitigate the reduction in thermal conductivity, while decreased wetting and reduction of electrolyte solvent were identified as the main causes for decreased cell cooling efficiency and full cell thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ajay Piriya Vijaya Kumar Saroja, Zhipeng Wang, Henry R. Tinker, Feng Ryan Wang, Paul R. Shearing, Yang Xu
Summary: TiNb24O62-x/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite anode is a versatile anode for sodium- and potassium-ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs) due to the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancy and carbon incorporation, enhancing ion and electron diffusion. This composite anode exhibits high reversible capacities, great rate performance, and superior cycle stability, making it a promising candidate for SIBs and PIBs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Silje Nornes Bryntesen, Ignat Tolstorebrov, Ann Mari Svensson, Paul Shearing, Jacob Joseph Lamb, Odne Stokke Burheim
Summary: This study explores the possibility of using abundant, bio-derived kraft lignin as a binder to replace or partially replace commonly used PVDF and CMC binders in water-based processing of Ni-containing LiNixMn1-x-yCoyO2 cathodes. The results show that comparable specific capacities to NMP/PVDF-based cathodes can be achieved with lignin or CMC/lignin as binder materials. Kraft lignin undergoes a redox reaction with the electrolyte, but its binding abilities to carbon and its thermal stability make it a promising alternative binder material for aqueous processing of high capacity cathodes.
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)