Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Klara Beitl, Didier Dewailly, Rudolf Seemann, Marlene Hager, Jakob Buenker, Daniel Mayrhofer, Iris Holzer, Johannes Ott
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) are the two most frequent causes of secondary amenorrhea, and distinguishing between them remains challenging. A retrospective case-control study found significant differences in hormone levels and protein binding globulin between PCOS-D patients and FHA-PCOM patients. The authors proposed a model including serological parameters as a reliable tool to distinguish between the two conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Fisun Vural, Birol Vural, Eyupcan Kardas, Ayse Deniz Erturk Coskun, Irem Yildirim
Summary: This study investigated the utilization of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) alone or replacing polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in the PCOS diagnostic criteria. The results showed that AMH can be used with high diagnostic accuracy instead of PCOM in Rotterdam criteria, especially for phenotype A and D.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Neena Malhotra, Reeta Mahey, Rohitha Cheluvaraju, Keerthana Rajasekaran, Deeksha Patkar, Priyanka Prabhakar, Monika Rajput, Ashish Upadhyay
Summary: This study evaluated the serum AMH levels among different PCOS phenotypes and found that high AMH levels are associated with worse clinical, endocrinological, and metabolic parameters. The ROC analysis identified a cutoff value of >= 6.06 ng/mL for the diagnosis of PCOS. These findings can be used to guide treatment response, individualized management, and prediction of reproductive and long-term metabolic outcomes.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Christos Damaskos, Nikolaos Garmpis, Kleio Vrettou, Anna Garmpi, Efstathios A. Antoniou, Athanasios Chionis, Konstantinos Nikolettos, Konstantinos Kontzoglou, Dimitrios Dimitroulis
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with ovarian torsion, which is a significant risk in patients with enlarged ovaries. The most common symptom is acute lower abdominal pain, and diagnosis usually involves ultrasound and CT or MRI scans. Emergency laparoscopy with ovarian or adnexal detorsion is the standard treatment, while ovariopexy or ovariectomy/adnexectomy may be considered for recurrent torsions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yumiko Tsukui, Yoshikazu Kitahara, Yuko Hasegawa, Mio Kobayashi, Satoko Osuka, Akira Iwase
Summary: PCOS diagnosis can be based on hyperandrogenism, PCOM, and an-/oligo-ovulation, with AMH potentially being another reference for PCOM diagnosis. There is variation in AMH diagnostic cutoff values for adolescent PCOS across different studies, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 81% specificity and 66.3% sensitivity.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alexandra Dietz de Loos, Martin Hund, Katharina Buck, Cindy Meun, Johanna Sillman, Joop S. E. Laven
Summary: The study aimed to determine a cutoff for the Elecsys AMH Plus immunoassay to aid in PCOM diagnosis. The results showed that a cutoff of 3.2 ng/mL (23 pmol/L) demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for PCOM diagnosis, with consistent performance across different ages and PCOS phenotypes.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yumiko Tsukui, Yoshikazu Kitahara, Yuko Hasegawa, Mio Kobayashi, Satoko Osuka, Akira Iwase
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that causes menstrual irregularities and infertility. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) may be a suitable alternative diagnostic criterion for PCOS. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic threshold of AMH for PCOS in adolescents and women in their early twenties, showing that AMH may be a useful diagnostic test for adolescent PCOS.
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Margaux Jegaden, Elodie Debras, Anne-Gaelle Pourcelot, Perrine Capmas, Herve Fernandez
Summary: This article introduces a new minimally invasive surgical technique, vNOTES ovarian drilling, for fertility diagnosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This technique is characterized by its minimally invasive nature, absence of scarring, and good tolerance, allowing simultaneous ovarian drilling and fertility diagnosis. The new technique is convenient to perform and associated with minimal adverse effects on patients.
JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Leticia Morales-Ledesma, Angelica Trujillo Hernandez, Maria Isabel Ramirez, Gabriela Rosas, Rosa Linares
Summary: In both cyclic animals and EV-PCOS models, blocking VIP receptors reveals differential effects on ovarian function, with changes in steroidogenesis and ovarian catecholamine levels. The binding of VIP to its receptors regulates the responses of steroid hormones and catecholamines in the ovaries, highlighting the importance of VIP signaling in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mala S. Sivanandy, Sierra K. Ha
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological disorder with significant implications for women's reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health. The lack of a specific diagnostic test poses challenges in diagnosing PCOS, resulting in underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) appears to be a promising diagnostic marker for PCOS, with elevated levels correlating highly with PCOS features such as polycystic ovarian morphology, hyperandrogenism, and oligo/amenorrhea.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Duaa Fahs, Dima Salloum, Mona Nasrallah, Ghina Ghazeeri
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that affects women in the reproductive age group. It has features of both reproductive and metabolic disorders. The most widely used criteria for diagnosis are the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, which require the presence of two out of three criteria. Artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, is being explored as a promising tool for PCOS diagnosis and prediction. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnostic challenges of PCOS in females.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rui Yang, Qin Li, Zehong Zhou, Weiping Qian, Jian Zhang, Ze Wu, Lei Jin, Xueqing Wu, Cuilian Zhang, Beihong Zheng, Jichun Tan, Guimin Hao, Shangwei Li, Tian Tian, Yongxiu Hao, Danni Zheng, Yuanyuan Wang, Robert J. Norman, Rong Li, Ping Liu, Jie Qiao
Summary: The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has significantly increased in Chinese women over the past 10 years, with the current patients exhibiting more severe symptoms possibly related to the higher prevalence of obesity, hyperandrogenism, and infertility. This study highlights PCOS as a significant public health problem in reproductive-aged women in China.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qingjie Peng, Xiaojiang Chen, Xiaoxia Liang, Jiahui Ouyang, Qiangqiang Wang, Shuai Ren, Haibo Xie, Chunhong Wang, Yaqun Sun, Xin Wu, Hetao Liu, Changchun Hei, Miao Sun, Qing Chang, Xinrui Liu, Guangyong Li, Rui He
Summary: The study investigated the effect of metformin on PCOS using a PCOS mouse model and explored the mechanism of metformin in regulating PCOS mice through the ferroptosis pathway. The results showed that metformin not only improved body weight and metabolic disorders but also improved ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roshan Nazirudeen, Subbiah Sridhar, Raghavendran Priyanka, Baskaran Sumathi, Vasanthiy Natarajan, Eagappan Subbiah, Kasthuri Santharam Raghavan, Jayaraman Sangumani
Summary: This study compared the effects of metformin monotherapy with a combination of metformin, myoinositol, and d-chiro-inositol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study found that the combination therapy showed significantly greater improvement in menstrual cycle regularity and quality of life, but there was no statistically significant difference in other hormonal and metabolic parameters.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marlene Hager, Didier Dewailly, Rodrig Marculescu, Stefan Ghobrial, John Preston Parry, Johannes Ott
Summary: In a retrospective cohort study, it was found that women with stress-induced functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) have a higher prevalence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) compared to women with exercise-induced FHA. The stress group also exhibited higher levels of prolactin and a trend towards higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS). This suggests that the well-known stress sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may explain their propensity to develop FHA and the high prevalence of PCOM in FHA women.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)