Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liyan Yu, Hongguang Liu, Xiaoxia Ma, Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri, Xuan Gao
Summary: The study found that Myrtenal has anti-atherosclerotic activity in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis rat models. Myrtenal-treated groups showed the ability to modulate the lipid metabolic pathway, reducing blood lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mie Balling, Shoaib Afzal, George Davey Smith, Anette Varbo, Anne Langsted, Pia R. Kamstrup, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: Elevated LDL triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of ASCVD and its individual components, as shown in two prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Schekatolina, Viktoriia Lahovska, Aleksandr Bekshaev, Sergey Kontush, Wilfried Le Goff, Anatol Kontush
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of free cholesterol (FC) transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) during lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL). The researchers propose a reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis and develop a mathematical model to study the transfer process. The results suggest that FC accumulation in HDL during lipolysis is influenced by competitive fluxes and mediated by specific proteins. These findings offer new insights into the understanding of HDL in the framework of RRT.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maryam Darabi, Anatol Kontush
Summary: Recent research has shown that raising agents for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have failed to reduce cardiovascular disease, while individuals with extremely high HDL-cholesterol levels have increased cardiovascular mortality. This has led to the expansion of the concept of HDL function to include its role in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase. This new perspective presents opportunities for novel therapeutic applications aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease by accelerating cholesterol flux through the lipolysis process.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Radu Sascau, Alexandra Clement, Rodica Radu, Cristina Prisacariu, Cristian Statescu
Summary: While targeting elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the main focus of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis remains controversial. Recent studies suggest a complex interplay between triglycerides and atherosclerosis, warranting further research.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: This article reviews the impact of triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on cardiovascular disease risk, emphasizing that reducing levels of TRL and their remnants can help reduce the risk of ASCVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Recent research supports a causal association between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and their remnants with cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of focusing on their impact on heart health. Targeting levels of triglycerides and their remnants may potentially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelli L. Sylvers-Davie, Brandon S. J. Davies
Summary: Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins deliver fatty acids to tissues for oxidation and storage, facilitated by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which acts as a gatekeeper for fatty acid uptake. LPL activity is regulated by extracellular proteins including members of the angiopoietin-like family of proteins. This review delves into how ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 regulate LPL activity and coordinate triglyceride metabolism and fat partitioning.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Patricia Hernandez, Neena Passi, Taher Modarressi, Vivek Kulkarni, Meshal Soni, Fran Burke, Archna Bajaj, Daniel Soffer
Summary: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common condition associated with atherosclerosis and pancreatitis risk. Novel therapies may reduce atherosclerosis risk and are likely to benefit patients with moderate to severe HTG. Dietary modifications, weight control, and specific drug therapy are key in managing HTG.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Directly measured remnant cholesterol is superior to calculated remnant cholesterol in identifying individuals at increased risk.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: This study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and direct measurement of remnant cholesterol is superior in identifying individuals at increased risk compared to calculated remnant cholesterol.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan Moreno-Vedia, Didac Llop, Ricardo Rodriguez-Calvo, Nuria Plana, Nuria Amigo, Roser Rosales, Yaiza Esteban, Lluis Masana, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josefa Girona
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the lipidome modifications of TRL particles enriched in TG in patients with hyperlipidemia and investigate their associations with a proinflammatory status. The results showed that higher TRL-TG levels were associated with higher circulating levels of glycoproteins. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TRL particles with higher cholesterol and phospholipid contents exerted a stronger proinflammatory effect.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study examined whether elevated remnant cholesterol could appropriately reclassify individuals who later experienced myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, and found that the addition of elevated remnant cholesterol levels significantly improved the risk prediction for these conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Enchen Zhou, Zhuang Li, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Cong Liu, Zhixiong Ying, Amanda C. Foks, Jimmy F. P. Berbee, Ko Willems van Dijk, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Yanan Wang
Summary: Brown fat activation attenuates atherosclerosis development by accelerating triglyceride-rich lipoprotein turnover and stimulating reverse cholesterol transport via SRB1. Knockdown of hepatic SRB1 not only increases HDL-cholesterol levels but also reduces plasma triglyceride and non-HDL-cholesterol levels, which explains the reduction in atherosclerosis development. This study suggests that brown fat activation combined with SRB1 modulation could be a potential strategy to treat cardiovascular disease.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Hematology
Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Jenny E. Kanter, Vishal Kothari, Karin E. . Bornfeldt
Summary: APOA1 and APOB are structural proteins of different types of lipoproteins, regulating the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. Among the smaller APOCs, APOC3 has been studied extensively and is associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases in type 1 diabetes. Insulin deficiency and resistance are related to elevated APOC3 levels. APOC3 slows down the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, leading to the accumulation of atherogenic remnants in atherosclerosis lesions. Little is known about the roles of APOC1, APOC2, and APOC4 in diabetes.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jenny E. Kanter, Karin E. Bornfeldt
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jaume Amengual, Yoscar Ogando, Cyrus Nikain, Alexandra Quezada, Kun Qian, Tomas Vaisar, Edward A. Fisher
Summary: Short-term pharmacological inhibition of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-mediated cholesterol esterification, in combination with increased free cholesterol efflux acceptors, has positive effects in mice by reducing the inflammatory state of the plaque macrophages and favoring compositional changes associated with plaque stabilization.
MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carmen Hannemann, Johannes H. Schecker, Alica Brettschneider, Jana Grune, Nicole Roesener, Andrea Weller, Verena Stangl, Edward A. Fisher, Karl Stangl, Antje Ludwig, Bernd Hewing
Summary: The study demonstrated that deficiency of iRhom2 can reduce the development of atherosclerosis, particularly in early stages. Additionally, iRhom2 deficiency was found to lower serum levels of TNF-alpha, as well as circulating and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Youssef A. Elnabawi, Michael S. Garshick, Michael Tawil, Tessa J. Barrett, Edward A. Fisher, Kristen Lo Sicco, Andrea L. Neimann, Jose U. Scher, James Krueger, Jeffrey S. Berger
Summary: The study demonstrated that CCL20 expression is closely associated with vascular endothelial inflammation in psoriasis patients and may serve as a potential biomarker of impaired vascular health. CCL20, IL-6, and IL-17A were the top three circulating proinflammatory cytokines in psoriasis.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael S. Garshick, Cyrus Nikain, Michael Tawil, Stephanie Pena, Tessa J. Barrett, Benjamin G. Wu, Zhan Gao, Martin J. Blaser, Edward A. Fisher
Summary: The study found that antibiotic-induced perturbation of the microbiome in a murine model of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation resolution may weaken the effectiveness of lipid-lowering in reducing the content of plaque inflammatory CD68-expressing cells.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yunosuke Matsuura, Masami Shimizu-Albergine, Shelley Barnhart, Farah Kramer, Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Vishal Kothari, Jingjing Tang, Sina A. Gharib, Jenny E. Kanter, E. Dale Abel, Rong Tian, Baohai Shao, Karin E. Bornfeldt
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Letter
Dermatology
Michael S. Garshick, Kamelia Drenkova, Tessa J. Barrett, Florencia Schlamp, Edward A. Fisher, Stuart Katz, Sanja Jelic, Andrea L. Neimann, Jose U. Scher, James Krueger, Jeffrey S. Berger
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shimpi Bedi, Jamie Morris, Amy Shah, Rachel C. Hart, W. Gray Jerome, Stephen G. Aller, Chongren Tang, Tomas Vaisar, Karin E. Bornfeldt, Jere P. Segrest, Jay W. Heinecke, W. Sean Davidson
Summary: This study investigates the structural transitions of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) in response to lipid binding during high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation. The researchers generated different dimeric APOA1 molecules with covalently joined termini and tested their ability to form HDL particles. They found that the conformational freedom of the N- and C-termini of APOA1 is not critical for HDL particle formation, but important for cholesterol efflux.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Ashish Misra, Rajan Rehan, Alexander Lin, Sanjay Patel, Edward A. Fisher
Summary: Clonal expansion plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis, particularly in smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Recent studies have revealed the contribution of clonal expansion to disease pathology and provided innovative directions for future therapies of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Vaisar, Shari Wang, Mohamed Omer, Angela D. Irwin, Carl Storey, Chongren Tang, Laura J. den Hartigh
Summary: 10,12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) may exert its antiatherosclerotic effects by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration, enhancing HDL anti-inflammatory potential, and promoting cholesterol efflux.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Andrews, Teruhiko Yoshida, Clark M. Henderson, Hannah Pflaum, Ayako McGregor, Joshua A. Lieberman, Ian H. de Boer, Tomas Vaisar, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Bryan Kestenbaum, Joon-Yong Chung, Stephen M. Hewitt, Briana A. Santo, Brandon Ginley, Pinaki Sarder, Avi Z. Rosenberg, Taichi Murakami, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik, Andrew N. Hoofnagle
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that the concentration of APOL1 in plasma was correlated with the concentration of APOL1 in urine and decreased kidney function. Risk variant APOL1 was enriched in larger particles. In a mouse model, circulating risk variant APOL1 promoted kidney damage. These findings suggest that plasma APOL1 is dynamic and plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Trevor P. Fidler, Jenny E. Kanter, Vishal Kothari, Farah Kramer, Jingjing Tang, Alan R. Tall, Karin E. Bornfeldt
Summary: Serumapolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) predicts cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes and silencing APOC3 can prevent lesion formation and necrotic core expansion in a mouse model. Lipid-free APOC3 activates inflammasome pathway in monocytes. Hematopoietic inflammasome pathways, particularly AIM2 and NLRP3, contribute to atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes. Necrotic core expansion in diabetes is independent of macrophage pyroptosis.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Robert. S. S. Rosenson, Mary Cushman, Emily. C. C. McKinley, Paul Muntner, Zhixin Wang, Tomas Vaisar, Jay Heinecke, Christy Tangney, Suzanne Judd, Lisandro. D. D. Colantonio
Summary: A recent study found that elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia. However, this study did not evaluate the association between fasting triglycerides and incident cognitive impairment (ICI), nor did it adjust for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP, known risk markers for ICI and dementia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Jenny E. Kanter, Vishal Kothari, Karin E. . Bornfeldt
Summary: APOA1 and APOB are structural proteins of different types of lipoproteins, regulating the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol. Among the smaller APOCs, APOC3 has been studied extensively and is associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases in type 1 diabetes. Insulin deficiency and resistance are related to elevated APOC3 levels. APOC3 slows down the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, leading to the accumulation of atherogenic remnants in atherosclerosis lesions. Little is known about the roles of APOC1, APOC2, and APOC4 in diabetes.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)