Visible light-driven photoelectrochemical ampicillin aptasensor based on an artificial Z-scheme constructed from Ru(bpy)32+-sensitized BiOI microspheres

Dye sensitization is an alternative strategy to improve photoelectric activity of semiconductors and, particularly, to enhance the activity towards visible light domain. Herein, an artificial Z-scheme bipyridine ruthenium (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) sensitizing narrow-gap bismuth oxy-iodide (BiOI) microspheres was constructed by a simple electrostatic interaction strategy for the first time. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed that this design of such Z-scheme structure was helpful to enhance the interfacial charge transfer and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, due to the sensitization of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), the band gap was narrowed from 1.8 eV of BiOI microspheres to 1.3 eV of BiOI/Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) microspheres, leading to improve the utilization of visible light. So that, the photocurrent of the resulted BiOI/Ru (bpy)(3)(2+) was 13.0 times that of pure BiOI microspheres. In view of the outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of BiOI/Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and the high specificity of the aptamer, the PEC aptasensor for ampicillin (AMP) merits the excellent detection performance including a broad linear ranging from 1 x 10(-7) nM to 100 nM as well as a low detection limit of 3.3 x 10(-8) nM (S/N = 3). This work not only provides a novel way to construct and design highly efficient photoactive materials for PEC detection, but also broadens the application of Z-scheme in the field of sensing.

Automated summary

The study demonstrates the enhancement of photoelectric conversion efficiency of narrow-gap bismuth oxy-iodide microspheres by dye sensitization and the Z-scheme structure, leading to improved utilization of visible light and increased photocurrent. The PEC aptasensor constructed using this structure shows excellent detection performance.