Reversible Supra-Folding of User-Programmed Functional DNA Nanostructures on Fuzzy Cationic Substrates

We report that user-defined DNA nanostructures, such as two-dimensional (2D) origamis and nanogrids, undergo a rapid higher-order folding transition, referred to as supra-folding, into three-dimensional (3D) compact structures (origamis) or well-defined mu m-long ribbons (nanogrids), when they adsorb on a soft cationic substrate prepared by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes. Once supra-folded, origamis can be switched back on the surface into their 2D original shape through addition of heparin, a highly charged anionic polyelectrolyte known as an efficient competitor of DNA-polyelectrolyte complexation. Orthogonal to DNA base-pairing principles, this reversible structural reconfiguration is also versatile; we show in particular that 1) it is compatible with various origami shapes, 2) it perfectly preserves fine structural details as well as site-specific functionality, and 3) it can be applied to dynamically address the spatial distribution of origami-tethered proteins.

Automated summary

User-defined DNA nanostructures can rapidly undergo a folding transition on a soft cationic substrate, forming compact structures or long ribbons, and can be switched back to their original shape by adding heparin. This reversible reconfiguration preserves structural details and functionality, and can be used to dynamically adjust the spatial distribution of tethered proteins.