Dynamic structural property of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite

Unique organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting materials have made a remarkable breakthrough in new class of photovoltaics (PVs). Organic-inorganic metal (Pb and/or Sn) halides (-I, -Br, and -Cl) are the semiconducting absorber with the crystal structure of the famous Perovskite''. It is widely called perovskite solar cells (PSCs)'' in PV society. Now, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is recorded in 25.5%. Prototypical composition of the absorbers is (A = methylammonium [MA], formamidinium [FA], and Cs), (M = Pb and/or Sn), and (X = I, Br, and Cl) in the form of perovskite AMX(3). Since the report on the stable all solid-state PSCs in 2012, the average annual growth rate of PCE is well over similar to 10%. Such an outstanding PV performance attracts huge number of scientists in our research society. Their chemical as well as physical properties are dramatically different from monocrystalline Si, GaAs, other III-IV semiconductors, and many oxides with the crystal structure of perovskite. In this review, different fundamental aspects, in particular, the dynamic properties of A site cationic molecules and PbI6 octahedrons linkedwith their corners, from other semiconducting and dielectric materials are reviewed and summarized. Upon discussing unique properties, perspectives on the promising PV applications based on the comprehension in dynamic nature of the orientation in A site molecule and PbI6 octahedron tilting will be given.

Automated summary

Unique organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting materials, known as perovskite solar cells, have achieved a significant breakthrough in the field of photovoltaics with a power conversion efficiency of 25.5%. The dynamic properties of the A site cationic molecules and PbI6 octahedrons in these materials have attracted a large number of researchers due to their dramatically different properties from traditional semiconductors.