Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Qi, Hu Zhang, Wenqi Zhang, Zhiheng Hu, Haihong Zhu
Summary: This paper presents a systematic study on the effect of heat treatment on the LPBF-fabricated Al-Cu-Li-Sc-Zr alloy. The study designed heat treatment temperatures based on phase transformation and precipitation kinetic analyses. Results show that different heat treatment temperatures have different effects on the mechanical properties of the alloy, with aging at 170 degrees C and 300 degrees C significantly increasing the yield strength, while solid solution treatment at 520 degrees C decreasing the tensile properties.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yang Qi, Zhiheng Hu, Hu Zhang, Xiaojia Nie, Changchun Zhang, Haihong Zhu
Summary: This study reports a novel Al-Li alloy developed specifically for LPBF technology, utilizing laser glazing to approximate solidification conditions. A new Al-Cu-Li-Sc-Zr alloy was successfully processed by LPBF with high building rate and low Li loss rate, showing excellent tensile properties.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jin'e Sun, Lei Gao, Qi Liu, Pei Wang, Xuanhui Qu, Baicheng Zhang
Summary: In this study, the Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were 3D printed using laser powder bed fusion and subjected to different heat treatments. The heat treated alloys showed an increase in strength but a decrease in ductility. The secondary precipitates of Al6Mn and Al3Sc played a positive role in the strengthening of the alloy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jillian Stinehart, Luis Fernando Ladinos Pizano, Wei Xiong, Le Zhou
Summary: Aluminum-Cerium (Al-Ce) based alloys have shown promise as cost-efficient high temperature creep-resistant aluminum alloy. This study investigates the creep property and microstructural evolution of a near eutectic Al-10Ce alloy manufactured by LPBF. The alloy exhibited good creep resistance and relatively stable microstructure after creep deformation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feipeng Yang, Jianying Wang, Tao Wen, Lei Zhang, Xixi Dong, Dong Qiu, Hailin Yang, Shouxun Ji
Summary: The AM aluminium alloy Al5Mg3Zn2Si developed in this work exhibits high strength, ductility, and excellent mechanical properties without the addition of costly alloying elements. With an optimized relative density and refined microstructure, it has great potential for automotive and aerospace applications.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Saket Thapliyal, Shivakant Shukla, Le Zhou, Holden Hyer, Priyanshi Agrawal, Priyanka Agrawal, Mageshwari Komarasamy, Yongho Sohn, Rajiv S. Mishra
Summary: This study demonstrates that integrating grain refinement through heterogeneous nucleation and eutectic solidification in the Al-Ni-Ti-Zr alloy can produce crack-free parts across a wide range of process parameters, microstructural heterogeneity, and hierarchy. This approach targets hot cracking at multiple stages of solidification in L-PBF, as opposed to traditional alloy design strategies that focus on specific stages of solidification. The Al-Ni-Ti-Zr alloy shows excellent printability and high tensile performance, with the potential for fine-tuning microstructure and performance.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shibo Wu, Zhenglong Lei, Bingwei Li, Jingwei Liang, Yanbin Chen
Summary: This study investigates the hot cracking behavior of Al-Li alloys fabricated by LPBF using three-dimensional X-ray micro-tomography. The presence of stable liquid films and stress concentration were found to contribute to hot cracking, along with segregation and interfacial layers between different phases. It was also observed that higher stability of intergranular liquid films led to higher hot cracking susceptibility at grain boundaries. Overall, this work provides practical guidance for optimizing the powder composition and processing steps of high-quality Al-Li alloys produced by LPBF.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ning Li, Ting Wang, Lixia Zhang, Liang Zhang
Summary: A crack-free Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was produced using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and modified with SiC and TiB2 particles. The effects of SiC and TiB2 particles on morphology, microstructure, and crystallographic texture were examined, and the mechanisms behind phase evolution and crack inhibition were elucidated. The addition of 4% SiC and TiB2 particles resulted in a nearly dense alloy with refined grains and enhanced mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rajiv S. Mishra, Saket Thapliyal
Summary: The unprecedented increase in component design space has led to significant focus on fusion-based additive manufacturing technologies. New design possibilities integrate features and functionalities not supported by conventional manufacturing, while overcoming the lack of diverse alloys through new alloy design approaches.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhou Li-bo, Shu Jing-guo, Sun Jin-shan, Chen Jian, He Jian-jun, Li Wei, Huang Wei-ying, Niu Yan, Yuan Tie-chui
Summary: In this study, biomedical Ti-13Nb-13Zr powder mixed with tantalum particles was fabricated using L-PBF, resulting in a microstructure with beta matrix and unmelted tantalum distributed along the molten pool boundaries. Increasing tantalum content reduced molten pool size and resulted in finer microstructure at the center and coarser microstructure at the boundaries of the melt pool. Columnar-to-equiaxed transitions occurred near unmelted tantalum, with low lattice mismatch induced by solid tantalum phase. Recrystallization texture was strengthened and fiber texture weakened with increasing tantalum content. The formation of refined martensite alpha ' grains during L-PBF led to higher compressive strengths compared to samples fabricated using traditional methods, setting an important reference for future biomedical alloy design via L-PBF process.
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Marcel Hesselmann, Daniel Knoop, Jeremy Epp, Volker Uhlenwinkel, Axel von Hehl, Anastasiya Toenjes
Summary: Despite a limited selection of suitable materials developed for non-equilibrium cooling conditions, the Al-Ce alloy system shows outstanding processability and high tensile strength in Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Adding Mg and Si leads to the formation of additional phases and affects the eutectic formation of the Al11Ce3 phase.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feipeng Yang, Jianying Wang, Tao Wen, Xinhai Ai, Xixi Dong, Hailin Yang, Shouxun Ji
Summary: The traditional wrought Al-Mg-Si alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are prone to hot cracks, unless adding grain refiners in as-LPBFed Al alloys. In this work, the Al-9.6 wt.% Mg-4.9 wt.% Si alloy with low solidification range and hot-cracking susceptibility was successfully processed by LPBF. The as-LPBFed alloys have reached a high relative density of 99.3% at the VED of 129.6 J/mm(3). The microstructures were featured by fine a-Al grains and cellular eutectic Mg2Si, accompanied by a high number density of dislocations, coherent GP zone and alpha-Al-12(Fe, Mn)(3) Si phases. The as-LPBFed Al-13.3Mg(2)Si alloy exhibited the high ultimate tensile strength of 557 MPa, yield strength of 439 MPa and elongation of 2.9%. In addition to the grain refinement and dislocation strengthening, the strength enhancement is mainly ascribed to the dispersion strengthening from the divorced nanosized eutectic Mg2Si. The results demonstrate that manipulation of alloys at near eutectic composition is effective to achieve high strength Al-Mg-Si alloys processed by LPBF.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Feipeng Yang, Jianying Wang, Tao Wen, Shilong Huang, Li Zhou, Hailin Yang, Shouxun Ji
Summary: In this study, the annealing of LPBFed Al-13.3 wt%Mg2Si alloy was conducted to investigate the correlation between the evolution of cellular eutectic Mg2Si and mechanical properties. The annealing process transformed the cellular eutectic structures to spherical and eventually to stable polygon-like Mg2Si, resulting in a decrease in tensile strength. The precipitation of partial cellular eutectic Mg2Si significantly improved the strength-ductility synergy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feipeng Yang, Jianying Wang, Tao Wen, Shilong Huang, Zhilin Liu, Shouxun Ji, Hailin Yang
Summary: A novel high strength Al-Mg alloy was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and microalloying of cost-effective Si and Zn elements. The microstructures exhibited nanosized cellular eutectic Mg2Si and solute supersaturation of Zn. The as-LPBFed Al-5Mg-2Si-1.4Zn alloys showed high ultimate tensile strength of 506 MPa, yield strength of 382 MPa, and elongation of 7.3%. This study provides a new strategy for fabricating high strength Al-Mg alloys using LPBF.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ning Li, Ting Wang, Liang Zhang, Lixia Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the crack morphology and crystallographic orientation of a specific alloy in additive manufacturing, demonstrating the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation. The findings highlight that solidification cracks are the most common, with the wide temperature range and grain boundaries being the main factors of cracking susceptibility. Additionally, the LPBF process has an influence on crack initiation and propagation.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Optics
Ehsan Alimohammadian, Kim Lammers, Alessandro Alberucci, Gligor Djogo, Chandroth P. Jisha, Stefan Nolte, Peter R. Herman
Summary: The formation of volumetric nanogratings in fused silica by femtosecond laser pulses allows for manipulation of physical shape and optical properties. The nanogratings follow the elongation effects induced by conical-shaped phase fronts, enabling a scaling up of the writing volume. Control of the conical phase front angle provides flexible ways to tune macroscopic optical properties.
Article
Optics
Moritz Bartnick, Gayathri Bharathan, Thorsten A. Goebel, Ria G. Kraemer, Stefan Nolte, Camille-Sophie Bres
Summary: We have developed a widely tunable mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on a robust chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). By applying mechanical tension and compression, the CFBG achieved an overall tunability of 20.1 nm, ranging from 2022.1 nm to 2042.2 nm. The mode-locked pulse train from this fiber laser has a repetition rate of 9.4 MHz, average power of 12.6 dBm, and pulse duration between 9.0 ps and 12.8 ps. This is the first demonstration of a tunable mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser operating beyond 2 μm using a CFBG as a wavelength-selective element.
Article
Optics
Xiaodong Zhao, Matthias Baudisch, Marcus Beutler, Thomas Gabler, Stefan Nolte, Roland Ackermann
Summary: We present an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) that generates pulses with a maximum energy of approximately 200 μJ in the wavelength range of 700-950 nm and duration of about 1 ps. The OPA is driven by a 1 ps pulse with an energy of approximately 2.5 mJ at a frequency of 1 kHz, provided by a commercial thin-disk laser. By using the output pulse of the OPA as a pump, the thin-disk laser generates Stokes light at 1030 nm and uses the second harmonic (515 nm) as a probe for investigating coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) of N-2 and CO2 at different temperatures.
Article
Physics, Applied
Markus Blothe, Maxime Chambonneau, Stefan Nolte
Summary: In this study, laser-based amorphization on the back surface of a crystalline silicon sample was investigated. By utilizing laser irradiation and Bessel beam shaping, the crystalline silicon was transformed into an amorphous state, resulting in the formation of subwavelength periodic surface structures. This research provides new possibilities for processing in-built microelectronic devices.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Gia Quyet Ngo, Emad Najafidehaghani, Ziyang Gan, Sara Khazaee, Malte Per Siems, Antony George, Erik P. Schartner, Stefan Nolte, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Thomas Pertsch, Alessandro Tuniz, Markus A. Schmidt, Ulf Peschel, Andrey Turchanin, Falk Eilenberger
Summary: This study demonstrates a method to achieve second-harmonic generation in functionalized optical fibers by directly growing highly nonlinear MoS2 monolayers on the fiber's core. The approach is scalable and can be generalized to other materials and waveguide systems.
Article
Optics
Sebastian Beer, Jeetendra Gour, Alessandro Alberucci, Christin David, Stefan Nolte, Uwe D. Zeitner
Summary: In this study, we investigated the second harmonic generation in two-dimensional lattices composed of gold nanobars under oblique incidence. We found that the surface lattice resonance can enhance the conversion efficiency of the second harmonic.
Article
Optics
Paul Boettner, Thomas Peschel, Aoife Brady, Daniel Heinig, Matthias Goy, Ramona Eberhardt, Stefan Nolte
Summary: This paper presents an opto-mechanical metal mirror design for highly dynamic, diffraction-limited focus shifting. By using finite element analysis, essential steps for optimizing the mirror design in terms of optical power and operating frequency are demonstrated. The design allows for biconical deformation of the mirror surface to generate a diffraction-limited spot diameter.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Tuennermann, Carsten Momma, Stefan Nolte
Summary: Ultrashort pulse lasers have been widely used in precise micromachining. This article presents a brief perspective on the development of this innovative technology from the 1990s until today.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shawon Alam, Pallabi Paul, Vivek Beladiya, Paul Schmitt, Olaf Stenzel, Marcus Trost, Steffen Wilbrandt, Christian Muehlig, Sven Schroeder, Gabor Matthaeus, Stefan Nolte, Sebastian Riese, Felix Otto, Torsten Fritz, Alexander Gottwald, Adriana Szeghalmi
Summary: Absorption losses and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) are the main limitations for the development of optical coatings for high-power laser optics. This study developed heterostructures using sub-nanometer thin films of SiO2 and HfO2 with the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) technique. Various thin-film characterization techniques were employed to extract optical constants, residual stress, layer formation, and functional groups of the heterostructures. The heterostructures showed tunable refractive index, bandgap, improved optical losses, and LIDT properties.
Article
Optics
Abhik Chakraborty, Parijat Barman, Ankit Kumar Singh, Xiaofei Wu, Denis A. Akimov, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Stefan Nolte, Carsten Ronning, Michael Schmitt, Juergen Popp, Jer-Shing Huang
Summary: Plasmonic enhancement of nonlinear light-matter interaction can be achieved by optimizing resonant plasmonic modes that match the wavelengths involved in the nonlinear optical process. This study investigates the generation and enhancement of broadband four-wave mixing in a plasmonic azimuthally chirped grating (ACG), which allows for control of near and far field interactions across a wide range of wavelengths. The mechanism responsible for field enhancement in the ACG platform depends on the interplay between groove geometry and grating periodicity. This work elucidates the collective contribution of localized surface plasmon resonance and plasmonic surface lattice resonance to the enhancement of broadband FWM in the ACG.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Evgeny A. Perevezentsev, Malte Per Siems, Daniel Richter, Ivan B. Mukhin, Ria G. Kraemer, Anton I. Gorokhov, Mikhail R. Volkov, Stefan Nolte
Summary: The first steps towards developing and characterizing next-generation chirped volume Bragg gratings (CVBGs) using fs laser inscription were taken. CVBGs with a 3 x 3 mm2 aperture and a length of almost 12 mm were successfully created on fused silica. Despite the polarization and phase distortions caused by mechanical stresses, a possible solution to this problem was proposed. The small change in the linear absorption coefficient of fused silica allows for the utilization of these gratings in high average power lasers.
Article
Optics
Fatemeh Abtahi, Pallabi Paul, Sebastian Beer, Athira Kuppadakkath, Anton Pakhomov, Adriana Szeghalmi, Stefan Nolte, Frank Setzpfandt, Falk Eilenberger
Summary: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is observed in periodic stacks of alternating, subwavelength dielectric layers due to the broken symmetry at the surface. The surface SHG is significantly enhanced by the large number of surfaces in these stacks. Experimental results on SiO2/TiO2 multilayer stacks grown by PEALD demonstrate substantial SHG under large angles of incidence, surpassing that of simple interfaces. The experimental results are in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Article
Optics
Xiaodong Zhao, Andre Boden, Stefan Nolte, Roland Ackermann
Summary: We investigate the spectral properties of filamentation induced by ps laser in air using a thin-disk based amplifier with a central wavelength of 1030 nm, maximum pulse energy of 60 mJ, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The broad spectrum generated by filamentation is found to be capable of exciting ro-vibrational Raman transitions in N2, O2, and CH4. We probe the excitation using the second harmonic (515 nm) to generate CARS signals in air, and study the influence of optical windows on the CARS signal for combustion and gasification diagnostics applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maxime Chambonneau, Qingfeng Li, Markus Blothe, Stree Vithya Arumugam, Stefan Nolte
Summary: Although ultrafast laser welding is not suitable for joining silicon samples due to nonlinear propagation effects, these limitations can be overcome by enhancing local absorption at the interface through metallic nanolayer deposition. By combining the enhanced absorption with filament relocation during ultrafast laser irradiation, efficient joining of silicon samples is achieved. Shear joining strengths exceeding 4 MPa can be obtained with 21 nm gold nanolayers, promising applications in microelectronics, optics, and astronomy.
ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chandroth P. Jisha, Stree Vithya Arumugam, Lorenzo Marrucci, Stefan Nolte, Alessandro Alberucci
Summary: We investigate waveguides based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase, obtained by rotation of the optic axis in a birefringent medium. We study the case where accumulation of geometric phase is present. The interplay between different contributions to the optical potential is addressed and the polarization structure of the quasimodes is observed to evolve continuously.