Article
Optics
Ioana Craiciu, Boris Korzh, Andrew D. Beyer, Andrew Mueller, Jason P. Allmaras, Lautaro Narvaez, Maria Spiropulu, Bruce Bumble, Thomas Lehner, Emma E. Wollman, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors show high efficiency, low timing jitter, and low dark counts. In this study, a detector with up to 78% detection efficiency, timing jitter below 50 ps FWHM, 158 counts/s dark count rate, and a maximum count rate of 1.5 giga-counts/s at 3 dB compression for single 1550 nm photons is presented. The detector consists of a linear array of 32 straight superconducting niobium nitride nanowires. Independent readout for each nanowire and a temporal walk correction technique are used to mitigate the trade-offs between detection efficiency and timing jitter. These detectors enable practical quantum communication on a 10 GHz clock.
Article
Optics
Guang-Zhao Xu, Wei-Jun Zhang, Li-Xing You, Jia-Min Xiong, Xing-Qu Sun, Hao Huang, Xin Ou, Yi-Ming Pan, Chao-Lin Lv, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Xiao-Ming Xie
Summary: Superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors (SMSPD) have smaller kinetic inductance, higher working current, and lower fabrication requirements compared to traditional SNSPDs, making them potentially useful in the development of ultralarge active area detectors. However, research on SMSPD is still in its early stages, and achieving high performance and practical use remains an open question.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Jingyuan Zheng, You Xiao, Mingzhong Hu, Yuchen Zhao, Hao Li, Lixing You, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang
Summary: In this work, a photon counting reconstructive spectrometer combining metasurfaces and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors is proposed. The prototype device fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate supports spectral reconstruction of mono-color lights with a resolution of 2 nm in the wavelength region of 1500-1600 nm. The experiment results demonstrate its potential to be applied in scenarios requiring real-time measurement.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giovanni V. Resta, Lorenzo Stasi, Matthieu Perrenoud, Sylvain El-Khoury, Tiff Brydges, Rob Thew, Hugo Zbinden, Felix Bussieres
Summary: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high system detection efficiency (SDE), low dark counts, and fast recovery time have enabled the realization of various quantum optics technologies. This article presents an SNSPD array composed of 14 independent pixels, achieving an SDE of 90% in the telecommunications band. By reading each pixel of the array independently, the detection of telecommunication photons at 1.5 GHz with 45% absolute SDE is demonstrated. The dynamic photon-number resolution of the array is exploited for accurate state reconstruction of a wide range of light inputs, including long-duration light pulses obtained with cavity-based sources. Two-photon and three-photon fidelities of 74% and 57% are shown, respectively, representing state-of-the-art results for fiber-coupled SNSPDs.
Article
Optics
Yanqiu Guan, Haochen Li, Li Xue, Rui Yin, Labao Zhang, Hao Wang, Guanghao Zhu, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: This article reviews the advantages and applications of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in single-photon Lidar systems, and prospects the future development.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Maximilian Protte, Varun B. Verma, Jan Philipp Hoepker, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Tim J. Bartley
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show the saturated internal detection efficiencies of different wire widths under illumination at 1550 nm. Both straight wires and meandered structures are demonstrated. Additionally, single-photon sensitivity is exhibited in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 μm.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Marco Colangelo, Boris Korzh, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Andrew S. Mueller, Di Zhu, Stephen Smith, Wolfgang Becker, Lautaro Narvaez, Joshua C. Bienfang, Simone Frasca, Angel E. Velasco, Alexander B. Walter, Ekkehart Schmidt, Emma E. Wollman, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo, Karl K. Berggern, Matthew D. Shaw
Summary: The design of detectors based on transmission-line engineering and differential readout enables high system detection efficiency and low detector jitter. The differential detectors achieve a system detection efficiency of around 83.3% at 1550 nm and 78% at 775 nm. The detectors have short response time and can be used for time-correlated single-photon counting with high-dynamic-range response functions and photon-number resolution. The system has potential applications in quantum computing, quantum communication, and other scientific fields.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Claire E. Marvinney, Brian E. Lerner, Alexander A. Puretzky, Aaron J. Miller, Benjamin J. Lawrie
Summary: The study found that the kinetic inductance of large-area SNSPDs is affected by the optical spot size, with large spot sizes increasing the probability of slow rise times and showing a position sensitive response. Furthermore, in the case of low bias currents, dark counts arise from locations spanning the device.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feifei Wang, Fuqiang Ren, Zhuoran Ma, Liangqiong Qu, Ronan Gourgues, Chun Xu, Ani Baghdasaryan, Jiachen Li, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh, Johannes W. N. Los, Andreas Fognini, Jessie Qin-Dregely, Hongjie Dai
Summary: By studying light scattering and utilizing new materials technology, the imaging depth of high-resolution optical microscopy in live mammals can be improved. This study demonstrates single-photon excitation fluorescence imaging in the NIR-IIc range, achieving the longest single-photon excitation and emission wavelengths to date for in vivo imaging of mice.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ling-Dong Kong, Hui Wang, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Jia-Wei Guo, Yang-Hui Huang, Hao Hao, Shi Chen, Xue-Cou Tu, La-Bao Zhang, Xiao-Qing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Pei-Heng Wu
Summary: A kilopixel imager is developed by introducing an orthogonal time-amplitude-multiplexing method in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The readout is solely built in the nanowire structure to manipulate the hotspot growth and microwave propagation after photon detection. The experiment results show that the imager has high pixel fidelity and temporal resolution, making it suitable for single-photon imaging experiments in photon-starved conditions. This research is of great importance for the development of large-scale single-photon imagers in fields such as quantum measurements, remote sensing, and astronomical telescopes.
Article
Optics
Philipp Karl, Sandra Mennle, Monika Ubl, Philipp Flad, Jing-Wei Yang, Tzu-Yu Peng, Yu-Jung Lu, Harald Giessen
Summary: With the rapid progress of quantum technologies, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors have become a better alternative to conventional avalanche photodiodes, utilizing resonant plasmonic perfect absorber effects to achieve high absorption efficiency.
Article
Optics
Xiaofu Zhang, Ruoyan Ma, Zhimin Guo, Chengjun Zhang, Dai Chen, Qingchang Huan, Jia Huang, Xingyu Zhang, You Xiao, Huiqin Yu, Xiaoyu Liu, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Xiaoming Xie, Lixing You
Summary: A mobile superconducting strip photon detector (SSPD) system operated in a liquid-helium Dewar has been developed. By adopting highly disordered NbTiN thin films, the system achieved enhanced detection performance at higher operation temperatures and nearly saturated detection efficiency. The compact system, including a liquid-helium Dewar and a battery-based electronic module, demonstrated a system detection efficiency of 72% at 1550 nm wavelength, with a dark count rate of 200 cps and a timing jitter of 67.2 ps. It has a weight of 40 kg and a power consumption of 500 mW, capable of continuous operation for 20 hours. The system metrics can be further optimized for different practical application platforms, such as aircraft and drones.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xingyu Zhang, Weijun Zhang, Hui Zhou, Xiaofu Zhang, Lixing You, Hao Li, Donghui Fan, Yiming Pan, Huiqin Yu, Lingyun Li, Zhen Wang
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high efficiency and time resolution. By using a helium-ion-irradiated film and a homemade cryogenic amplifier, we achieve high system detection efficiency and minimum timing jitter at 1550 nm wavelength. The device also shows promising results for indoor time-of-flight light detection and ranging.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Martin A. Wolff, Fabian Beutel, Jonas Schuette, Helge Gehring, Matthias Haeussler, Wolfram Pernice, Carsten Schuck
Summary: This work demonstrates a method to achieve high detection efficiency and wide wavelength range in a single waveguide-integrated SNSPD device, with efficient coupling between optical fibers and detectors through a three-dimensional interface.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingdong Kong, Qingyuan Zhao, Hui Wang, Jiawei Guo, Haiyangbo Lu, Hao Hao, Shuya Guo, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Xinglong Wu, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Summary: The spectrometer without wavelength multiplexing optics reduces complexity and physical footprint, achieving broadband spectral responsivity and high resolution. Additionally, precise time-of-flight measurements enable multifunctional LiDAR systems.
Article
Optics
Eric J. Stanton, Jeff Chiles, Nima Nader, Galan Moody, Nicolas Volet, Lin Chang, John E. Bowers, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin
Article
Optics
Sonia M. Buckley, Alex N. Tait, Galan Moody, Stephen Olson, Joshua Herman, Kevin L. Silverman, Satyavolu Papa Rao, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Jeffrey M. Shainline, Bryce Primavera
Article
Optics
Saeed Khan, Sonia M. Buckley, Jeff Chiles, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Jeffrey M. Shainline
Article
Physics, Applied
J. Chiles, S. M. Buckley, A. Lita, V. B. Verma, J. Allmaras, B. Korzh, M. D. Shaw, J. M. Shainline, R. P. Mirin, S. W. Nam
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2020)
Review
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Justin C. Norman, Richard P. Mirin, John E. Bowers
Summary: The passage describes the initial efforts in using molecular beam epitaxy to grow InAs quantum dots on GaAs and the subsequent use of these quantum dots in demonstrating quantum dot lasers. It also discusses the developments in quantum dot lasers over the past two decades and the potential future prospects for these lasers in scientific and commercial applications.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Chenglong You, Mingyuan Hong, Peter Bierhorst, Adriana E. Lita, Scott Glancy, Steve Kolthammer, Emanuel Knill, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Omar S. Magana-Loaiza, Thomas Gerrits
Summary: Research shows that quantum technologies can overcome the shot-noise limit of traditional optical measurements. By efficiently designing a source of spontaneous parametric downconversion in combination with photon-number-resolving detection, quantum-enhanced optical phase estimation has been achieved, surpassing the shot-noise limit. Utilizing the robustness of two-mode squeezed vacuum states allows scalability of the technique, and sensitivity can be further improved by generating and detecting high-order photon pairs.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Poolad Imany, Zixuan Wang, Ryan A. DeCrescent, Robert C. Boutelle, Corey A. McDonald, Travis Autry, Samuel Berweger, Pavel Kabos, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Kevin L. Silverman
Summary: Efficient and low-noise transduction of quantum information between microwave and optical domains is crucial, and using acoustic waves as intermediate platforms has shown promise. In this study, gigahertz-frequency focusing surface acoustic wave cavities on GaAs material are utilized, offering a successful approach to modulating single photons with low power. These results pave the way for efficient quantum information transfer between microwave and optical fields.
Letter
Optics
Dileep V. Reddy, Negar Otrooshi, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Varun B. Verma
Summary: Single-photon detection via absorption in current-biased nanoscale superconducting structures has become a preferred technology in quantum optics and related fields. Single-mode fiber packaged devices have seen new records set in detection efficiency, timing jitter, recovery times, and the largest sustainable count rates. The popular approaches to decreasing polarization sensitivity have resorted to the deposition of a high-index dielectric layer or the introduction of geometrically symmetric nanowire meanders. However, these methods have limitations in efficiency and fill factor. The discovery of single-photon sensitivity in micrometer-scale superconducting wires enables novel meander patterns with no effective upper limit on the fill factor.
Article
Physics, Applied
Ryan A. DeCrescent, Zixuan Wang, Poolad Imany, Robert C. Boutelle, Corey A. McDonald, Travis Autry, John D. Teufel, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Kevin L. Silverman
Summary: This article introduces the feasibility and performance limits of the coupling of surface acoustic waves with quantum dots, trapped atoms and ions, and point defects as quantum transduction platforms. The experimental research proves the feasibility of this platform for efficient quantum transduction and achieves certain results in low-noise ground-state quantum transduction.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Adriana E. Lita, Dileep V. Reddy, Varun B. Verma, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam
Summary: This tutorial paper introduces the key performance metrics, latest advancements, and applications of single-photon detectors based on superconducting thin films.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Benedikt Hampel, Daniel H. Slichter, Dietrich Leibfried, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Varun B. Verma
Summary: State readout of trapped-ion qubits with trap-integrated detectors can address important challenges for scalable quantum computing. However, strong radio frequency (rf) electric fields used for trapping may impact detector performance. This study demonstrates NbTiN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with grounded aluminum mirrors as electrical shielding integrated into linear surface-electrode rf ion traps. The shielded SNSPDs achieve a maximum system detection efficiency of 68% at applied rf trapping potentials of up to 54 V (peak) at 70 MHz and temperatures of up to 6 K, enabling parallel high-fidelity state readout of a wide range of trapped ion species in a typical cryogenic apparatus.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Abhijeet Alase, Robert R. Nerem, Mohsen Bagherimehrab, Peter Hoyer, Barry C. Sanders
Summary: This article introduces a quantum algorithm for the system of linear equations problem (SLEP), focusing on the query complexity in the setting of block encoding of matrix M. A quantum algorithm is constructed and a lower bound is derived, showing that the quantum query complexity for SLEP in this setting is Theta(alpha/epsilon).
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
A. N. Tait, S. M. Buckley, J. Chiles, A. N. McCaughan, S. Olson, S. Papa Rao, S. W. Nam, R. P. Mirin, J. M. Shainline
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS
(2020)
