Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junzhu Wang, Meng Han, Yule Liu
Summary: This review outlines the current understanding of NLR CC domains in terms of diversity, classification, structure, their roles in cell death induction, disease resistance, and interaction with other proteins. Possible directions for future work are also provided.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiujuan Wu, Xuan Zhang, Hongwei Wang, Rong-xiang Fang, Jian Ye
Summary: Plant immunity relies on NOD-like receptors (NLRs) to detect microbial patterns and activate localized cell death against pathogens. Tsw is a resistance gene in pepper that confers resistance to tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), but its molecular and cellular mechanisms are still unclear. This study analyzed the structure and function of Tsw protein and identified a hydrophobic module that enhances virus resistance.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Lila Cadiou, Francois Brunisholz, Stella Cesari, Thomas Kroj
Summary: The specific recognition of pathogen effectors by NLRs is crucial for plant immunity, and creating NLRs with new recognition specificities can greatly enhance crop resistance against diseases. Recent breakthroughs in the structure and molecular activity of NLRs have allowed for structure-guided modifications to extend or change effector recognition specificities. These findings hold great promise for the development of customized NLRs in molecular plant pathology.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shawn Thatcher, Mark Jung, Gayathri Panangipalli, Kevin Fengler, Abhijit Sanyal, Bailin Li, Victor Llaca, Jeffrey Habben
Summary: Plant pathogens cause crop loss worldwide, and new resistance genes can be quickly overcome. Understanding resistance gene diversity in major crops like maize is crucial for developing disease-resistant varieties. By analyzing the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) in maize and its wild relative Zea luxurians, we found a large diversity of atypical integrated domains in both species, with Z. luxurians potentially being a rich source of novel resistance genes. NLRs also showed high sequence diversity and presence-absence variation among maize populations, with mobile NLRs and putative interchromosomal translocations identified.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuxuan Xi, Veronique Chalvon, Andre Padilla, Stella Cesari, Thomas Kroj
Summary: This study found that self-interaction of the HMA domain in RGA5 does not contribute to its function, while the effector-binding surface of RGA5(HMA) is crucial for both in vitro and in vivo effector binding and recognition. These results deepen our understanding of the function of sNLRs within NLR pairs.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cian Duggan, Eleonora Moratto, Zachary Savage, Eranthika Hamilton, Hiroaki Adachi, Chih-Hang Wu, Alexandre Y. Leary, Yasin Tumtas, Stephen M. Rothery, Abbas Maqbool, Seda Nohut, Toby Ross Martin, Sophien Kamoun, Tolga Osman Bozkurt
Summary: Plants use sensor-helper pairs of NLR immune receptors to detect pathogen effectors and activate immune responses. NRC4 in the NRC solanaceous helper NLR family undergoes dynamic changes in subcellular localization during infection with Phytophthora infestans, potentially spreading to other cellular membranes post-activation to trigger immune responses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Rafal Zdrzalek, Caroline Stone, Juan Carlos De la Concepcion, Mark J. Banfield, Adam R. Bentham
Summary: Factors such as climate change and increased global trade will worsen the prevalence of plant diseases, posing a significant threat to global food security. Developing new methods of pathogen control is crucial to effectively combat crop losses and protect plant health.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Eliza C. Martin, Laurentiu Spiridon, Aska Goverse, Andrei-Jose Petrescu
Summary: An examination of over 80,000 plant Nod-like receptors (NLRs) revealed a diverse sequence underlying functional specificity. Conserved sequence motifs were identified using machine learning techniques. NLRexpress, a software package, was developed to efficiently detect these motifs and enable screening of proteomes, transcriptomes, or genomes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chunhong Chen, Matthias Jost, Bethany Clark, Matthew Martin, Oadi Matny, Brian J. Steffenson, Jerome D. Franckowiak, Martin Mascher, Davinder Singh, Dragan Perovic, Terese Richardson, Sambasivam Periyannan, Evans S. Lagudah, Robert F. Park, Peter M. Dracatos
Summary: Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is a severe fungal disease globally impacting barley production. Cloning of the Rph15 resistance gene from a wild barley progenitor and development of a KASP marker provide a new avenue for sustained leaf rust control. The resistance mediated by Rph15 and previously thought to be allelic with Rph16 is actually the same, allowing for efficient gene deployment in combating leaf rust.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojuan Zheng, Zhaoyang Zhou, Zhen Gong, Meijuan Hu, Ye Jin Ahn, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yan Zhao, Guoshu Gong, Jian Zhang, Jianru Zuo, Guan-Zhu Han, Sohn Kee Hoon, Jian-Min Zhou
Summary: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker, a devastating disease threatening the Actinidia fruit industry. In the study, the researchers identified a protein called ZAR1 that can recognize HopZ5 and trigger cell death, suggesting a potential non-host resistance mechanism against Psa. They also found that ZAR1 and RPM1 proteins have specific requirements for conferring resistance to different strains of P. syringae carrying HopZ5. Additionally, the study revealed the involvement of SOBER1 in regulating these resistance responses.
JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yongchao Hao, Yinghua Pan, Wuying Chen, Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid, Mengyao Li, Naixiu Che, Xu Duan, Yan Zhao
Summary: Wheat has a large and diverse repertoire of NLRs involved in disease resistance. The number of NLRs and cluster size can differ drastically among ecotypes and cultivars. Duplication, especially whole genome duplication, has led to the evolution and diversification of NLR genes in wheat.
Review
Plant Sciences
Emmanuel N. Annan, Li Huang
Summary: Wheat, a domesticated cereal crop, has been consumed as the second-most-popular food crop for more than 8000 years. Rust diseases affecting wheat have been a well-known problem since ancient times and were even documented in the Old Testament around 750 B.C. The pathogen causing wheat stem rust was one of the earliest identified plant pathogens in the 1700s, indicating a long coexistence between wheat and rust pathogens. Through molecular technologies, the genomes of wheat and rust have been sequenced, allowing for extensive study of the molecular mechanisms underlying their co-evolution.
Article
Plant Sciences
David Landry, Isabelle Mila, Cyrus Raja Rubenstein Sabbagh, Matilda Zaffuto, Cecile Pouzet, Dominique Tremousaygue, Patrick Dabos, Laurent Deslandes, Nemo Peeters
Summary: This study aimed to create a library of integrated decoy domains (IDs) in plant immune receptors (NLRs) and screen them with pathogen effectors to identify targets for effector virulence and NLR-effector interactions. Through screenings, three interactions involving different IDs were discovered interacting with two unrelated effectors. This library is valuable for discovering effector targets and potentially engineering plant immune receptors.
Article
Plant Sciences
J. A. Kolmer, M. K. Turner, M. N. Rouse, J. A. Anderson
Summary: This study identified the chromosome locations of leaf rust resistance genes in the hard red spring wheat cultivar AC Taber, with significant QTL effects for resistance found on chromosomes 2BS and 3BS. The genes on these chromosomes were found to be associated with adult plant resistance genes Lr13 and Lr74. Newly developed KASP PCR markers linked to these regions can be used for marker-based selection of these resistance genes.
Review
Plant Sciences
Matthias Jost, Megan A. Outram, Kathy Dibley, Jianping Zhang, Ming Luo, Michael Ayliffe
Summary: The deployment of disease resistance genes is an economical and environmentally friendly method of crop protection. Polygenic resistance is considered the most durable, but combining and maintaining these genes has been a laborious process. However, the application of resistance transgene stacks (RTGSs) has overcome these difficulties and enhanced resistance durability. Genomic advances have played a key role in the development of RTGS, which has potential applicability in other agricultural crop species.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kentaro K. Shimizu, Dario Copetti, Moeko Okada, Thomas Wicker, Toshiaki Tameshige, Masaomi Hatakeyama, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi, Catharine Aquino, Kazusa Nishimura, Fuminori Kobayashi, Kazuki Murata, Tony Kuo, Emily Delorean, Jesse Poland, Georg Haberer, Manuel Spannagl, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Juan Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Gary J. Muehlbauer, Cecile Monat, Axel Himmelbach, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Martin Mascher, Sean Walkowiak, Tetsuya Nakazaki, Tomohiro Ban, Kanako Kawaura, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Curtis Pozniak, Nils Stein, Jun Sese, Shuhei Nasuda, Hirokazu Handa
Summary: Norin 61, an Asian cultivar of bread wheat, has a genome assembly spanning 15 Gb with unique functional variations compared to the Chinese Spring cultivar, such as resistance to Fusarium headblight, early flowering, and semi-dwarfism.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace, Bernd Hackauf, Martin Mascher, Thomas Lux, Thomas Wicker, Heidrun Gundlach, Mariana Baez, Andreas Houben, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Liangliang Guo, Jesse Poland, Curtis J. Pozniak, Sean Walkowiak, Joanna Melonek, Coraline R. Praz, Mona Schreiber, Hikmet Budak, Matthias Heuberger, Burkhard Steuernagel, Brande Wulff, Andreas Boerner, Brook Byrns, Jana Cizkova, D. Brian Fowler, Allan Fritz, Axel Himmelbach, Gemy Kaithakottil, Jens Keilwagen, Beat Keller, David Konkin, Jamie Larsen, Qiang Li, Beata Myskow, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Nidhi Rawat, Ugur Sesiz, Sezgi Biyiklioglu-Kaya, Andy Sharpe, Hana Simkova, Ian Small, David Swarbreck, Helena Toegelova, Natalia Tsvetkova, Anatoly V. Voylokov, Jan Vrana, Eva Bauer, Hanna Bolibok-Bragoszewska, Jaroslav Dolezel, Anthony Hall, Jizeng Jia, Viktor Korzun, Andre Laroche, Xue-Feng Ma, Frank Ordon, Hakan Ozkan, Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska, Uwe Scholz, Alan H. Schulman, Dorthe Siekmann, Stefan Stojalowski, Vijay K. Tiwari, Manuel Spannagl, Nils Stein
Summary: Rye is a climate-resilient cereal crop used for hybrid breeding to improve wheat varieties, possessing necessary genes for hybridization. Research shows cultivated rye is genetically linked to wild relatives, offering potential applications in disease resistance, low-temperature tolerance, and more.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kazuhiro Sato, Fumitaka Abe, Martin Mascher, Georg Haberer, Heidrun Gundlach, Manuel Spannagl, Kenta Shirasawa, Sachiko Isobe
Summary: The study successfully established a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly for the hexaploid common wheat cultivar 'Fielder' using PacBio HiFi reads, demonstrating their efficiency in wheat genome-editing studies. By applying the Omni-C chromosome conformation capture technique and PacBio circular consensus sequencing, accurate long-read sequences were obtained, leading to detailed analysis of the genome in a transgenic wheat plant.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kazuhiro Sato, Martin Mascher, Axel Himmelbach, Georg Haberer, Manuel Spannagl, Nils Stein
Summary: Barley was domesticated around 10,000 years ago from its wild ancestor and is cultivated worldwide, with exception of tropical areas. The assembly of the wild barley accession OUH602 contains over 4.4Gb of sequence and provides detailed genomic information for accelerated gene identification and utilization.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Areej Sakkour, Martin Mascher, Axel Himmelbach, Georg Haberer, Thomas Lux, Manuel Spannagl, Nils Stein, Shoko Kawamoto, Kazuhiro Sato
Summary: In this study, a chromosome-scale assembly of the Japanese elite malting barley cultivar 'Haruna Nijo' was constructed using a similar methodology, and high collinearity with the barley reference genome was observed.
Article
Plant Sciences
Raz Avni, Thomas Lux, Anna Minz-Dub, Eitan Millet, Hanan Sela, Assaf Distelfeld, Jasline Deek, Guotai Yu, Burkhard Steuernagel, Curtis Pozniak, Jennifer Ens, Heidrun Gundlach, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Axel Himmelbach, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Manuel Spannagl, Brande B. H. Wulff, Amir Sharon
Summary: Aegilops species, particularly Aegilops longissima and Aegilops speltoides, offer genetic diversity for wheat improvement. Comparative analysis of whole-genome assemblies revealed the close relationship between Ae. longissima and the wheat D subgenome, while Ae. speltoides showed a closer relationship to the B subgenome. The presence of species-specific and lineage-specific nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes in Aegilops genomes highlights their potential for wheat improvement.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nadia Kamal, Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt, Johan Bentzer, Heidrun Gundlach, Georg Haberer, Angela Juhasz, Thomas Lux, Utpal Bose, Jason A. Tye-Din, Daniel Lang, Nico van Gessel, Ralf Reski, Yong-Bi Fu, Peter Spegel, Alf Ceplitis, Axel Himmelbach, Amanda J. Waters, Wubishet A. Bekele, Michelle L. Colgrave, Mats Hansson, Nils Stein, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, Nicholas A. Tinker, Martin Mascher, Olof Olsson, Manuel Spannagl, Nick Sirijovski
Summary: This study presents a high-quality reference genome of cultivated oat and its diploid and tetraploid progenitors. It reveals the structure of the oat genome and provides insights into the genetic factors influencing human health and agronomic traits. This resource will accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonja Blankenagel, Stella Eggels, Monika Frey, Erwin Grill, Eva Bauer, Corinna Dawid, Alisdair R. Fernie, Georg Haberer, Richard Hammerl, David Barbosa Medeiros, Milena Ouzunova, Thomas Presterl, Victoria Russ, Rudi Schaeufele, Urte Schlueter, Francois Tardieu, Claude Urbany, Sebastian Urzinger, Andreas P. M. Weber, Chris-Carolin Schoen, Viktoriya Avramova
Summary: This study demonstrates that the gene ZmAbh4 discovered in maize breeding can regulate plant water use efficiency (WUE), and its inactivation can increase WUE without affecting growth, providing a sustainable approach for future crop production.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Le Wang, Tingting Zhu, Juan C. Rodriguez, Karin R. Deal, Jorge Dubcovsky, Patrick E. McGuire, Thomas Lux, Manuel Spannagl, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Patricia Baldrich, Blake C. Meyers, Naxin Huo, Yong Q. Gu, Hongye Zhou, Katrien M. Devos, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Turgay Unver, Hikmet Budak, Patrick J. Gulick, Gabor Galiba, Balazs Kalapos, David R. Nelson, Pingchuan Li, Frank M. You, Ming-Cheng Luo, Jan Dvorak
Summary: This article reports further improvement of the genome sequence of Ae. tauschii, including revision of pseudomolecules, gap closure, and reannotation of protein-coding genes, as well as manual annotation of biologically important genes for wheat. Disease-resistance genes show specific distribution patterns on chromosomes.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Mascher, Thomas Wicker, Jerry Jenkins, Christopher Plott, Thomas Lux, Chu Shin Koh, Jennifer Ens, Heidrun Gundlach, Lori B. Boston, Zuzana Tulpova, Samuel Holden, Inmaculada Hernandez-Pinzon, Uwe Scholz, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Manuel Spannagl, Curtis J. Pozniak, Andrew G. Sharpe, Hana Simkova, Matthew J. Moscou, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Nils Stein
Summary: Comparing different long-read sequencing platforms in barley pan-genome studies, accurate long-read assemblies excel in most metrics, with CCS approach being the most cost-effective strategy.
Article
Agronomy
Liangliang Gao, Dal-Hoe Koo, Philomin Juliana, Trevor Rife, Daljit Singh, Cristiano Lemes da Silva, Thomas Lux, Kevin M. Dorn, Marshall Clinesmith, Paula Silva, Xu Wang, Manuel Spannagl, Cecile Monat, Bernd Friebe, Burkhard Steuernagel, Gary J. Muehlbauer, Sean Walkowiak, Curtis Pozniak, Ravi Singh, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Allan Fritz, Jesse Poland
Summary: This study provides the first cytological characterization of the 2N(v)S segment in hexaploid wheat, complete de novo assembly and annotation of the segment. The 2N(v)S segment is associated with resistance to multiple wheat diseases and has a positive impact on wheat grain yield, making it significant in wheat breeding.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2021)