Article
Mathematics, Applied
Elena Almaraz Luengo, Bittor Alana Olivares, Luis Javier Garcia Villalba, Julio Hernandez-Castro
Summary: In various fields such as Statistics, Particle Physics, Cryptography, and Computer Security, it is important to obtain long sequences of random numbers. Statistical tests are commonly used to verify the randomness of these sequences. This paper focuses on analyzing the dependencies among the statistical tests in the NIST SP 800-22 suite by conducting experiments using sequences of different lengths and from different entropy sources. The findings are presented in a statistically sound manner, highlighting the significance of test independence and its impact on effectiveness and efficiency.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kequan Xia, Zhiwei Xu
Summary: With the advancement of artificial intelligence, research on touch sensors has become popular. A new triboelectric nanogenerator based on a facial mask has been proposed, which can harvest mechanical energy and serve as a flexible touch sensor. The generator demonstrates excellent performance, driving commercial electronics and being harmless to human skin.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenjian Li, Feng Yan, Yinyu Xiang, Wei Zhang, Katja Loos, Yutao Pei
Summary: This study proposes using 2D smectite clay (SC) nanosheets to enhance the surface charge density of traditional triboelectric-negative materials. By blending SC nanosheets with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at an optimal concentration of 5 wt%, the SC-TENG shows significantly improved output performance. The instantaneous output power density of the SC-TENG is increased from 15 mW/m(2) to 1450 mW/m(2).
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhipeng Wu, Jun Chen, D. W. Boukhvalov, Zhenyang Luo, Lijun Zhu, Yijun Shi
Summary: A new type of TENG based on self-healing elastomer with excellent mechanical and electrical self-healing properties was developed in this study. The self-healing mechanism is attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and weak coordination bonds. The TENG showed outstanding stability and the ability to efficiently convert mechanical energy into electricity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junho Jang, Woosung Cho, Bosung Kim, Jun Hyuk Shin, Sanghoon Kim, Myeongcheol Go, Su Seok Choi, Sang-Woo Kim, Jin Kon Kim, Unyong Jeong
Summary: This study systematically investigates the retention time of the charge-saturated state in triboelectric sensors (TES) and suggests using DC charging to enhance the retention time. It finds that the TES generates identical output signals regardless of the touch frequency as long as the contact time interval is less than the retention time. This research is important for recognizing contact locations and contact sequences.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenjian Li, Liqiang Lu, Feng Yan, George Palasantzas, Katja Loos, Yutao Pei
Summary: This study utilizes fragile and rigid mica to improve the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). By exfoliating mica into 2D nanosheets and electrospinning them into flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers, the transferred charge of the TENG significantly increases. The mica also enhances the positive electrostatic surface potential (ESP) of TPU, leading to a higher power density in the TENG.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pietro Nannipieri, Stefano Di Matteo, Luca Baldanzi, Luca Crocetti, Jacopo Belli, Luca Fanucci, Sergio Saponara
Summary: Random numbers play a crucial role in cryptography and security applications. A True Random Number Generator designed and validated for cryptographically secure applications, supporting high-quality random number generation on Field Programmable Gate Arrays.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ronaldo Serrano, Ckristian Duran, Trong-Thuc Hoang, Marco Sarmiento, Khai-Duy Nguyen, Akira Tsukamoto, Kuniyasu Suzaki, Cong-Kha Pham
Summary: This work addresses the implementation of an entropy source based on frequency collapse in Ring Oscillators in FPGA, passing NIST tests with good entropy. The TRNG implementation occupies less than 1% of FPGA resources and demonstrates moderate sampling latency and bit rate throughput.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Minseok Kang, Heejae Shin, Youngjun Cho, Jaewoo Park, Pritish Nagwade, Sanghoon Lee
Summary: In this study, a rotation-based triboelectric neurostimulator (RoTENS) was developed to enable continuous modulation of stimulus parameters and generate a constant charge output. The effectiveness of RoTENS was demonstrated through neurophysiological validation, showing its potential in modulating muscle activity and frequency.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kangshuai Li, Dongzhi Zhang, Hao Zhang, Dongyue Wang, Zhenyuan Xu, Haolin Cai, Hui Xia
Summary: In this paper, a composite hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets was developed, which formed a stable double-chain structure by hydrogen bonding. Based on the excellent properties of the hydrogel, a flexible and multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (PHM-TENG) was prepared, which can collect biomechanical energy and convert it to 183 V with a maximum power density of 78.3 mW/m(2). This work holds great potential in providing a green power source for miniature electronics and developing intelligent systems for handwriting recognition.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhuyu Ding, Ming Zou, Peng Yao, Zhiyuan Zhu, Li Fan
Summary: A novel triboelectric nanogenerator based on deciduous leaves was proposed, which can harvest mechanical energy from various low-frequency motions and achieve waste utilization. The generator exhibits stable high performance and can drive commercial LEDs, promoting the development of environmentally friendly materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Zhao, Di Wang, Fan Zhang, Yuan Liu, Baodong Chen, Zhong Lin Wang, Jinshan Pan, Roland Larsson, Yijun Shi
Summary: This study successfully achieved real-time monitoring of lubricating oils through the contact electrification process of oil-solid contact, demonstrating the possibility of electron transfer from oil to solid surface during this process. By quantitatively analyzing the relationship between liquid adsorption behavior and output ability, a strategy for intelligent diagnosis of lubricating oils was provided.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chuanfu Xin, Zhongjie Li, Qin Zhang, Yan Peng, Hengyu Guo, Shaorong Xie
Summary: This study investigates the influence of different thicknesses of PI interlayers on the electric outputs of TENGs, revealing that the output voltage of TENGs decreases with the increase of PI thickness. Additionally, the study examines the impact of interlayers on the positive electrode of TENGs, finding that the output voltage of TENGs with graphite paper interlayers is higher than those without interlayers. Furthermore, the study explores the output performance of TENGs with both negative and positive interlayers, demonstrating a decline in electric outputs due to the coupling effect of PI and graphite paper interlayers.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kaiqin Zhao, Hua Gan, Huan Li, Ziyu Liu, Zhiyuan Zhu
Summary: This paper introduces a method of self-powered gas sensing using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which can generate distinguishable electrical signals according to different types of gas and injection areas. By establishing a two-dimensional model of TENG and adding a gas injection area, the TENG is able to sense gases without external power supply. This work contributes to the field of self-powered gas sensing.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Moon-Seok Kim, Il-Woong Tcho, Yang-Kyu Choi
Summary: The wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator has the potential to generate both power and true random numbers, suitable for cryptographic applications. Structural changes can improve the randomness of the generated numbers.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sirinya Ukasi, Paritta Jutapukti, Chiranicha Ninthub, Nattapong Pinpru, Phakkhananan Pakawanit, Wanwilai Vittayakorn, Satana Pongampai, Naratip Vittayakorn, Thitirat Charoonsuk
Summary: This study explores the enhancement of electrical output of flexible hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric nanogenerators by incorporating gamma-glycine into fully organic composites. The research demonstrates the importance of optimized concentrations of gamma-glycine and chitosan in achieving superior performance. The study identifies the critical content of gamma-glycine that leads to the highest output signal, and provides theoretical explanations for this observation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yoonsang Ra, Yu-seop Kim, Seonmo Yang, Namgyu Kang, Gyuwon Oh, Chungyeon Cho, Sangmin Lee, Dongwhi Choi
Summary: In this study, a portable energy harvester (STEP) was proposed to drive various functional LEDs using biomechanical energy. The roles and functionalities of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) in the hybrid energy harvester were experimentally demonstrated, and the necessity of hybridization for LED-involved devices was described. The STEP showed promising potential as an effective energy supply strategy for various functional LEDs in related industries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dae Sol Kong, Kyung Hoon Kim, Ying Chieh Hu, Jong Hun Kim, Inseo Kim, Jeongwan Lee, Joonhyuk Lee, Won Hyuk Shon, Hanjin Yoo, Chul-Un Ro, Seungsu Lee, Hyoungjeen Jeen, Minbaek Lee, Minseok Choi, Jong Hoon Jung
Summary: With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, smart home has emerged to fulfill the security, convenience, and energy-saving issues of modern life. A flexoelectric mica crystal is used to augment the finger touch-driven triboelectric output for operating a wireless and multichannel smart home controller. This work provides important ingredients for enhancing triboelectric output and realizing a convenient, multifunctional, cost-effective, and adaptable smart home control system without batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Han, Fang Wu, Xiaozhen Du, Zihao Li, Haixiang Chen, Dongxing Guo, Junlei Wang, Hong Yu
Summary: This paper presents a novel type of triboelectric nanogenerator that utilizes wind energy, with a Y-type bluff body to enhance vibration and output power. The application of this generator successfully provides power for a wireless temperature and humidity sensor.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wen Zhang, Fangyuan Cheng, Miao Chang, Yue Xu, Yuyu Li, Shixiong Sun, Liang Wang, Leimin Xu, Qing Li, Chun Fang, Meng Wang, Yuhao Lu, Jiantao Han, Yunhui Huang
Summary: This study successfully induced the formation of a uniform and robust CEI by constructing ZrO2 nano-rivets on the surface of LCO, stabilizing the surface of high-voltage LCO and facilitating lithium-ion diffusion.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Karl P. Olson, Laurence D. Marks
Summary: This paper investigates the role of contacting shapes in triboelectricity and provides scaling rules for designing energy harvesting devices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jong-An Choi, Jingu Jeong, Mingyu Kang, Hee-Jin Ko, Taehoon Kim, Keun Park, Jongbaeg Kim, Soonjae Pyo
Summary: Wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (WTENGs) are a promising emerging technology for sustainable wind energy harvesting, offering high output performance, lightweight design, and compact dimensions. This study introduces an innovative WTENG design that leverages a rolling-based mechanism to achieve efficient omnidirectional wind energy harvesting.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liwei Dong, Qian Tang, Chaoyang Zhao, Guobiao Hu, Shuai Qu, Zicheng Liu, Yaowen Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a novel hybrid scheme for flag-type nanogenerators (FNGs) that enhances their performance and broadens their operational wind speed ranges by harnessing the synergistic potential of two aerodynamic behaviors. The proposed flag-type triboelectric-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator (FTPNG) integrates flapping piezoelectric flags (PEFs) and a fluttering triboelectric flag (TEF). The FTPNG achieves significant power generation and a broad wind speed range, surpassing other FNGs, making it suitable for various self-powered systems and Internet of Things applications.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yunmeng Li, Xin Liu, Zewei Ren, Jianjun Luo, Chi Zhang, Changyong (Chase) Cao, Hua Yuan, Yaokun Pang
Summary: The demand for green and eco-friendly materials is growing due to increasing environmental concerns related to traditional petroleum-based products. Marine biomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative, thanks to their abundant availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on marine biomaterials. The operational modes, foundational principles, intrinsic qualities, and advantages of marine biomaterials commonly used in TENG designs are highlighted. Approaches to enhance the efficacy of TENGs derived from marine biomaterials are also discussed, along with documented applications from existing literature. Furthermore, the existing challenges and future directions in marine biomaterial-inspired TENGs are explored.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matthew P. Wells, Adam J. Lovett, Yizhi Zhang, Zhongxia Shang, Kosova Kreka, Babak Bakhit, Haiyan Wang, Albert Tarancon, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
Summary: Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) offer a promising solution to efficient energy conversion, but have been limited in portable power and electrolysis applications due to excessive polarisation resistance of the oxygen electrode at low temperatures. This study demonstrates the growth of symmetric and complete rSOC structures with reduced polarisation resistance by tuning oxygen vacancy through annealing, providing a promising route towards high-performance rSOC devices for portable power applications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kangkang Bao, Minghui Wang, Yue Zheng, Panpan Wang, Liwen Yang, Yang Jin, Hui Wu, Bin Sun
Summary: This study utilizes ethanol as an electrolyte additive to modulate the migration of zinc ions and the surface structure of zinc anodes, resulting in improved capacity retention and cycle life of zinc-based aqueous batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haichao Yang, Wensi Cai, Ming Wang, Saif M. H. Qaid, Zhiyuan Xu, Huaxin Wang
Summary: The introduction of sodium alginate (SA) into perovskite solar cells improves the carrier dynamics, stability, and performance by inhibiting nonradiative recombination and retarded charge dynamics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cuirong Zhang, Mingyuan Wei, Zihan Chen, Wansheng Lin, Shifan Yu, Yijing Xu, Chao Wei, Jinwei Zhang, Ziquan Guo, Yuanjin Zheng, Qingliang Liao, Xinqin Liao, Zhong Chen
Summary: Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) aims to establish smart and informative interactions between humans and devices. However, common pixelated sensing arrays in AIoT applications present problems such as hard and brittle devices, complex structures, and low precision. This article introduces an innovative solution called the all-in-one intelligent semitransparent interactive nerve patch (AISI nerve patch), which integrates sensing, recognition, and transmission functionalities into a thin and flexible patch. The AISI nerve patch is semitransparent, allowing for accurate identification without affecting aesthetics, and it can be attached to any curved surface for intelligent and interactive applications. With rapid response time and high precision recognition, it enables the integration of artificial intelligence and achieves high recognition accuracy for further development of AIoT.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Youcun Bai, Heng Zhang, Huijun Song, Chong Zhu, Lijin Yan, Qin Hu, Chang Ming Li
Summary: A novel stainless-steel supported lattice-mismatched V-S-Se layered compound with high selenium vacancy was synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of sulfur to selenium. The introduction of selenium vacancies created additional redox peaks of sulfur, providing more mass transport channels and active sites for zinc ions. The specific capacity and cycle stability of the electrode were significantly improved, demonstrating great potential for practical applications and providing insights into the effects of defects on battery performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yao Xiao, Puxian Xiong, Yakun Le, Zhenjie Lun, Kang Chen, Zhiduo Wang, Peishan Shao, Zhicong Chen, Dongdan Chen, Zhongmin Yang
Summary: This study successfully synthesized a material with multi-stimulus-responsive luminescence and confirmed the internal relationship between luminescence and defects by regulating the distribution and depth of defects. The dynamic process of multi-stimulus-responsive luminescence was validated by experimental and calculation results.