Article
Plant Sciences
Li Tan, Jianfeng Xu, Michael Held, Derek T. A. Lamport, Marcia Kieliszewski
Summary: This study found that Hyp-O-polysaccharides isolated from transgenic Arabidopsis suspension culture have similar structural features to AGPs isolated from tobacco. It also confirmed the presence of a previously identified β-1,6-linkage on the galactan backbone in AGP fusion glycoproteins expressed in tobacco. Furthermore, AGPs expressed in Arabidopsis suspension culture have differences in terminal-rhamnosyl residues and glucuronosylation compared to those expressed in tobacco suspension culture, suggesting the presence of distinct glycosyl transferases and minimum AG structures for type II AG functional features.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Frey, Nerea Martinez-Romera, Antonio Encina, Jose L. Acebes
Summary: Immunolocalization highlighted the changes in cell wall components, including homogalacturonan, xyloglucan, and arabinogalactan proteins, and their role in successful graft healing in tomato. The spatiotemporal dynamics of these cell wall changes, which are crucial for grafting, were previously unknown. This study revealed that homogalacturonan synthesis and deposition were observed at the cut edges, specifically in low methyl-esterified form. Galactan side chains of rhamnogalacturonan increased until 8 days after grafting, while xylan and xyloglucan exhibited changes associated with vasculature development and early synthesis at the cut edges, respectively. Arabinogalactan proteins showed asymmetry, with higher levels in the scion, and their increase was observed until 8 days after grafting. The combined changes in these cell wall components contribute to the success of autograft by facilitating adhesion between scion and rootstock tissues.
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Zhiying Li, Dapeng Zhang, Peng Shi, Yin Min Htwe, Qun Yu, Liyun Huang, Huanqi Zhou, Liyun Liu, Yong Wang
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in areca palm and found that peroxidases and hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins play important roles in this process. Lignin synthesis and cell wall lignification are crucial for somatic embryogenesis.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Carlos Frey, Alba Manga-Robles, Jose Luis Acebes, Antonio Encina
Summary: The study investigated the dynamics of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides at the graft junctions in tomato homografts, revealing significant increases in pectin content and decreases in the degree of methylesterification of homogalacturonan throughout grafting. Immuno-dot assays also showed an increase in xyloglucan and arabinogalactan proteins in the early days after grafting, indicating a potential role in tissue adhesion-cohesion.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna Milewska-Hendel, Damian Chmura, Karolina Wyrwal, Ewa U. Kurczynska, Agnieszka Kompala-Baba, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Gabriela Wozniak
Summary: The study found that the chemical composition of plant leaf cell walls in post-industrial habitats can be different due to varying soil conditions, showing species-specific responses.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sang-Jin Kim, Deepak D. Bhandari, Rylee Sokoloski, Federica Brandizzi
Summary: The plant cell wall undergoes significant remodeling in response to pathogen infection, with the changes in polysaccharides depending on the pathogen's virulence and the host's immune response. Arabinogalactan proteins play a critical role in limiting pathogen growth and present opportunities for improving plant defense against diverse pathogens.
Review
Plant Sciences
Bent Larsen Petersen, Cora A. MacAlister, Peter Ulvskov
Summary: Various proteins in plants undergo O-arabinosylation modifications, with different enzymes involved in the process. Deficiencies in proper arabinosylation can affect the transport and fate of arabinosylated proteins in the secretory pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dasmeet Kaur, Diana Moreira, Silvia Coimbra, Allan M. Showalter
Summary: The successful development and function of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes are crucial for male reproductive function in flowering plants. Highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) play important roles in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls. The study on a quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant revealed the significant contributions of Hyp-arabinogalactans (Hyp-AGs) to the normal development and function of anthers and pollen.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Oliver Quinn, Manoj Kumar, Simon Turner
Summary: The plant cell wall is a complex extracellular matrix that plays a crucial role in defense, regulation, and support. Lipid modifications of proteins involved in cell wall metabolism are essential for proper function, including membrane domain localization and targeted delivery. Understanding the contribution of lipid modifications to protein function is important for elucidating cell wall dynamics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanyan Zhang, Yihua Wang, Chunming Wang, Carsten Rautengarten, Erchao Duan, Jianping Zhu, Xiaopin Zhu, Jie Lei, Chao Peng, Yunlong Wang, Xuan Teng, Yunlu Tian, Xi Liu, Joshua L. Heazlewood, Aimin Wu, Jianmin Wan
Summary: A rice mutant, bp1, was found to exhibit brittle leaves and culms, with reduced levels of rhamnogalacturonan I, homogalacturonan, and arabinogalactan proteins. It was determined that OsBP1 encodes a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, OsUGE2, which participates in regulating the sugar composition and structure of rice cell walls. Additionally, BP1 can form protein complexes with other UGE family members and with UDP-galactose transporters, potentially facilitating the channeling of Gal to polysaccharides and proteoglycans.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alexander Baumann, Lukas Pfeifer, Birgit Classen
Summary: This study characterized AGPs from gymnosperms including Ginkgo biloba, Ephedra distachya, Encephalartos longifolius and Cycas revoluta. The findings showed similarities and differences in the structure of AGPs from gymnosperms compared to those from angiosperms, with unique structural elements identified in Ginkgo AGP. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis revealed a lower number of galactosyltransferases responsible for AGP backbone biosynthesis in the Ginkgo genome.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Carolina Camacho-Fernandez, Jose M. Segui-Simarro, Ricardo Mir, Kim Boutilier, Patricia Corral-Martinez
Summary: Different types of embryogenic structures exhibit specific cell wall characteristics that determine their developmental fate. Highly embryogenic structures have thin walls rich in specific components, while less embryogenic structures have thick walls and lower values of cell wall components.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yingxuan Ma, Julian Ratcliffe, Antony Bacic, Kim L. Johnson
Summary: Understanding the promoter and functional domains of FLA12 has provided new insights into the regulation of SCW development and the functional specificity of FLAs for plant growth and development.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai, Yong Hyun Kwon, Yiwen Liu, Olivia Young, Ruchika Bhawal, Joshua D. Wilson, Mingji Li, Digantkumar G. Chapla, Kelley W. Moremen, Michael C. Jewett, Dario Mizrachi, Matthew P. DeLisa
Summary: This study describes a strategy to convert membrane-bound glycosyltransferases into water soluble biocatalysts, which allows for easier expression and structural remodeling of glycans. The approach was successfully used to produce 98 difficult-to-express GTs, predominantly of human origin, and demonstrated its universality and versatility.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Brock Kuhlman, Jeanett Hansen, Bodil Jorgensen, Wessel du Toit, John P. Moore
Summary: Pectolytic enzyme maceration has no effect on the bitterness but increases astringency of red wines. The effect of pectolytic enzymes on the cell wall matrix is more significant than the ripeness of the berries and subsequent sensory perception.
Article
Plant Sciences
Oyeyemi O. Ajayi, Michael A. Held, Allan M. Showalter
Summary: Through biochemical and immunolabeling techniques, it was demonstrated that the enzymes GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B, and GLCAT14C play essential roles in pollen development, polytubey block, and normal embryo development in Arabidopsis. Their loss of function resulted in structural abnormalities in pollen grains, disrupted anther development, and compromised mechanisms in sexual reproduction.
Article
Plant Sciences
Carolina Feijao, Kris Morreel, Nadine Anders, Theodora Tryfona, Marta Busse-Wicher, Toshihisa Kotake, Wout Boerjan, Paul Dupree
Summary: The study highlights the critical role of xylan in the structure of grass cell walls, as well as the function of XAX1 in xylan synthesis. The results indicate that XAX1 plays an essential role in cross-linking, suggesting its potential as a target for improving the utilization of grass biomass.
Review
Plant Sciences
E. Moreira, S. Coimbra, P. Melo
Summary: Glutamine synthetase is an essential enzyme in plant metabolism, playing important roles in nitrogen assimilation and crop productivity. Different isoenzymes of GS have specific and non-redundant roles in plant physiology, but in species like A. thaliana, there is a redundancy in the gene family with a compensation mechanism.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dasmeet Kaur, Diana Moreira, Silvia Coimbra, Allan M. Showalter
Summary: The successful development and function of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes are crucial for male reproductive function in flowering plants. Highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) play important roles in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls. The study on a quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant revealed the significant contributions of Hyp-arabinogalactans (Hyp-AGs) to the normal development and function of anthers and pollen.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ricardo Ferraz, Silvia Coimbra, Sandra Correia, Jorge Canhoto
Summary: The field of epitranscriptomics, specifically the understanding of RNA methylation, is rapidly expanding and becoming increasingly complex and challenging. Methyltransferases, demethylases, and RNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in adding, removing, and recognizing methyl groups on RNA. Plant methyltransferases have been identified and linked to stress and development processes, but the understanding of these enzymes, particularly those located in organelles, is still in its early stages. Comparative and evolutionary analyses have revealed the existence of multiple yet uncharacterized methyltransferases, and this review discusses the functions of nuclear and organellar RNA methyltransferases in plant development and stress responses, as well as the discoveries made across different kingdoms.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Diana Moreira, Ana Lucia Lopes, Jessy Silva, Maria Joao Ferreira, Sara Cristina Pinto, Sara Mendes, Luis Gustavo Pereira, Silvia Coimbra, Ana Marta Pereira
Summary: This study analyzed the expression patterns of six individual AGPs in Arabidopsis tissues, revealing their presence in both male and female reproductive organs and suggesting their potential roles in plant reproduction.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ana Lucia Lopes, Diana Moreira, Ana Marta Pereira, Ricardo Ferraz, Sara Mendes, Luis Gustavo Pereira, Lucia Colombo, Silvia Coimbra
Summary: This study explores the distribution patterns of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in Arabidopsis female reproductive tissues and compares them among different developmental mutants. The results highlight the importance of the immunofluorescence labelling technique in understanding the remodeling nature of the cell wall during development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Diana Moreira, Dasmeet Kaur, Ana Marta Pereira, Michael A. Held, Allan M. Showalter, Silvia Coimbra
Summary: This study found that plants with mutations in galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 genes have very few seeded fruits, indicating a significant contribution of the female gametophyte to this mutant phenotype. Mutant ovules showed abnormal callose accumulation and integument defects, resulting in pollen tube reception disturbances. In addition, the mutant ovary AGPs had a reduction in the amount of glucuronic acid. The results demonstrate the functional importance of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in ovule development and pollen-pistil interactions.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Gianni Barcaccia, Andrea Mazzucato, Emidio Albertini, Sara Zenoni, Luciana Baldoni, Soraya Mousavi, Marta Adelina Mendes, Silvia Coimbra, Antonio Granell, Fulvio Pupilli
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Joao Ferreira, Jessy Silva, Sara Cristina Pinto, Silvia Coimbra
Summary: This study evaluated the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in reproductive tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. The results identified the optimal reference genes for gene expression studies in different flower developmental stages and mutant backgrounds. The findings provide a valuable resource for future gene expression studies in reproductive tissues of A. thaliana and emphasize the importance of clearly defining experimental conditions for qPCR analysis to improve reproducibility.
Correction
Biology
Alan Crivellaro, Alma Piermattei, Jiri Dolezal, Paul Dupree, Ulf Buntgen
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Ulf Buntgen, Alma Piermattei, Jiri Dolezal, Paul Dupree, Alan Crivellaro
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Isber Ademaj, Hysni Jashari, Naser Gjonbalaj, Arta Syla
Summary: This article reports a very rare case of acquired intra-abdominal cryptorchidism due to adhesions after necrotizing enterocolitis. Newborns after NEC have a significant risk of developing intraperitoneal adhesions. The case described in this report involves a previously palpable neonatal testis in the inguinal canal that was pulled into the abdomen at seven months of age through adhesions between the testis and a segment of the sigmoid colon after NEC.
UROLOGY CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Silvia Manrique, Alex Cavalleri, Andrea Guazzotti, Gonzalo H. Villarino, Sara Simonini, Aureliano Bombarely, Tetsuya Higashiyama, Ueli Grossniklaus, Chiara Mizzotti, Ana Marta Pereira, Silvia Coimbra, Subramanian Sankaranarayanan, Elisabetta Onelli, Simona Masiero, Robert G. Franks, Lucia Colombo
Summary: The gynoecium plays a critical role in the reproduction of flowering plants by containing ovules and tissues necessary for pollen germination and growth. Research has shown that HISTONE DEACETYLASE 19 (HDA19) is essential for the differentiation of ovules and the reproductive tract (ReT) by regulating the expression of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). This study provides valuable insights into plant organogenesis and tissue differentiation.