期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 11, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19822-6
关键词
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资金
- Wellcome Trust GW4-Clinical Academic Training PhD Fellowship
- Wellcome Trust [220530/Z/20/Z]
- Association of British Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (ABAOMS)
- Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) Springboard award
- AMS
- Wellcome Trust
- Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF)
- Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial strategy
- British Heart Foundation
- Diabetes UK [SBF004\1079]
- Cancer Research UK [C18281/A19169]
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/1, MC_UU_12013/2, MC_UU_12013/3]
- University of Bristol
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre - National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- NIHR under its Programme Grants for Applied Research scheme [RP-PG-0707-10034]
- University Hospitals Bristol Research Capability Funding
- NIHR Senior Investigator award
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P50 CA097190, P30 CA047904, R01 DE025712]
- US National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [1X01HG007780-0]
- National Cancer Institute [R01-CA90731]
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/3, MC_UU_12013/1, MC_UU_12013/2] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_UU_12013/1, MC_UU_00011/7, MC_UU_00011/2] Funding Source: UKRI
The independent effects of smoking and alcohol in head and neck cancer are not clear, given the strong association between these risk factors. Their apparent synergistic effect reported in previous observational studies may also underestimate independent effects. Here we report multivariable Mendelian randomization performed in a two-sample approach using summary data on 6,034 oral/oropharyngeal cases and 6,585 controls from a recent genome-wide association study. Our results demonstrate strong evidence for an independent causal effect of smoking on oral/oropharyngeal cancer (IVW OR 2.6, 95% CI=1.7, 3.9 per standard deviation increase in lifetime smoking behaviour) and an independent causal effect of alcohol consumption when controlling for smoking (IVW OR 2.1, 95% CI=1.1, 3.8 per standard deviation increase in drinks consumed per week). This suggests the possibility that the causal effect of alcohol may have been underestimated. However, the extent to which alcohol is modified by smoking requires further investigation.
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