Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jian Gao, Changgui Gu, Chuansheng Shen, Huijie Yang
Summary: Globally, forests are increasingly being impacted by invasive alien pests, leading to ecological and socioeconomic consequences. The prevention and control of these pests face significant challenges. Research has shown that biological control can be used to control invasive alien pests in warm-temperate deciduous forest ecosystems, providing insights for actual biological control projects.
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Luisa Genes, Rodolfo Dirzo
Summary: The review of 127 articles regarding habitat restoration and trophic rewilding showed that seed dispersal and pollination are the most studied interactions, with higher frequency in restored sites. Mammals were the most studied group, and both habitat restoration and trophic rewilding were found to effectively improve seed dispersal and pollination compared to degraded areas.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Wei Wang, Mengchen Zhou
Summary: We established a viral infection model considering pyroptosis and chemotaxis, and found that chemotaxis may induce Turing instability, leading to steady state or Hopf bifurcation, as well as spatial patterns.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ian R. McFadden, Agnieszka Sendek, Morgane Brosse, Peter M. Bach, Marco Baity-Jesi, Janine Bolliger, Kurt Bollmann, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Giulia Donati, Friederike Gebert, Shyamolina Ghosh, Hsi-Cheng Ho, Imran Khaliq, J. Jelle Lever, Ivana Logar, Helen Moor, Daniel Odermatt, Loiec Pellissier, Luiz Jardim de Queiroz, Christian Rixen, Nele Schuwirth, J. Ryan Shipley, Cornelia W. Twining, Yann Vitasse, Christoph Vorburger, Mark K. L. Wong, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Ole Seehausen, Martin M. Gossner, Blake Matthews, Catherine H. Graham, Florian Altermatt, Anita Narwani
Summary: Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change, and biological invasions are drastically changing biodiversity. We propose an integrative approach to explain the differences in impacts between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems by linking them to four fundamental processes that structure communities. Through this approach, we aim to provide insights into why human impacts and responses to them may differ across ecosystem types, using a mechanistic, eco-evolutionary framework.
Review
Ecology
Stephen E. Swearer, Rebecca L. Morris, Luke T. Barrett, Michael Sievers, Tim Dempster, Robin Hale
Summary: Humans are altering marine ecosystems rapidly, potentially leading to animals choosing poor-quality habitats and increasing extinction risk. While there is growing evidence of ecological traps impacting terrestrial species, this phenomenon has received little attention in the marine environment.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Peixin Liu, Kaiwen Chen, Shuo Wang, Chunzhuo Hua, Hongtao Zhang, Jia Yu
Summary: This study established an animal model of ankle-subtalar joint complex instability in mice, and found that ligament injury can lead to mechanical instability and cartilage degeneration, affecting the mice's ability to move.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Theodor Sperlea, Dominik Heider, Georges Hattab
Summary: With increasing anthropogenic stress, monitoring and assessing the condition and pollution levels of ecosystems has become increasingly important. This paper combines theoretical ecology, information theory, semiotics, and the study of complex systems to develop a theoretical foundation for bioindication that takes into account the complex nature of ecosystems. The relationship between the bioindicator and the variables of interest is regarded as one of structural coupling, and biomonitoring schemes for bioindication are seen as cases of second-order observation. These theoretical findings are highly relevant for the development of machine learning methods for bioindication.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matthieu Barbier, Claire de Mazancourt, Michel Loreau, Guy Bunin
Summary: The study finds that in an ecological system, species interactions are highly disordered while exhibiting a diffuse statistical structure: successful competitors subtly favor each other and partition their impacts on other species. This pattern is strongly supported by empirical evidence from grassland biodiversity experiments.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sophie Joimel, Antonin Jules, Laure Vieuble Gonod
Summary: This article reviews 75 articles on soil collembola in an urban context, finding that soil properties and landscape characteristics influence soil communities. There is a need for more connectivity between green urban spaces to allow the dispersion of collembola.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zihao Nan, Yaopeng Fang, Pengfei Yang, Shun Meng, Junjie Zhou, Bin Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the deformation instability of effective homogeneous solids with strong anisotropy, highlighting and quantifying the influence of anisotropy. The study finds that strong stiffness anisotropy plays a dominant role in kink band instability. Instability phase diagrams are developed to estimate the compressive instability of composite materials.
EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Le He, Linhe Zhu, Zhengdi Zhang
Summary: The paper studied the spreading of rumors and crowd diffusion behavior on network structure through a Suspicious-Infected (SI) model with Allee effect, and conducted extensive numerical evaluations under different networks. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient can significantly change patterns, and discussed the necessary conditions for Turing pattern to appear in space.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sarah N. Sells, Cecily M. Costello, Paul M. Lukacs, Lori L. Roberts, Milan A. Vinks
Summary: Habitat and corridor mapping are crucial for conservation programs. This study used integrated step selection functions (iSSFs) developed from GPS-collared grizzly bears to predict areas of connectivity and evaluate conservation goals in the US.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenta Suzuki, Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Hiroshi Masuya
Summary: This study extends the concept of Granger causality to the analysis of complex ecosystem time series by utilizing machine learning approaches. The proposed method, EcohNet, improves interaction network inference and identifies drivers of cyanobacteria blooms in lake monitoring data.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Rachel E. Palkovitz, Richard R. Lawler
Summary: The traditional regional focus of evolutionary anthropology can be expanded by conducting research in places like Appalachia, leading to new insights and broader impacts on higher education.
EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Saidy Mubamba, Norman Nduna, Stanford Siachoono, Moses Chibesa, Darius Phiri, Lackson Chama
Summary: Animal seed dispersal processes play a vital role in ecosystem services, impacting the survival of seed dispersers and the distribution of seeds in plant communities. This study examined avian seed dispersal networks in an urban ecosystem and found that the interactions were highly generalised and stable, suggesting a robust coexistence of species in urban plant-frugivore communities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henri Kauhanen, Deepthi Gopal, Tobias Galla, Ricardo Bermudez-Otero
Summary: This study proposes a model-based approach to quantify the speed of linguistic change, analyzing language change as a stochastic process combining vertical descent, spatial interactions, and mutations. A notion of linguistic temperature emerges from this analysis, serving as a dimensionless measure of the propensity of a linguistic feature to undergo change.
Article
Ecology
Ernesto Berrios-Caro, Tobias Galla, George W. A. Constable
Summary: This paper presents a switching environment model to study the synchronous transition between sexual and asexual reproduction modes in a population, showing deviations from previous asynchronous theory when the environment switches slowly.
THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Joseph W. Baron, Thomas Jun Jewell, Christopher Ryder, Tobias Galla
Summary: This article introduces the application of random matrix theory in deducing the eigenvalue spectrum of large matrices. By introducing an analytical method, the authors successfully studied the eigenvalue spectrum of random matrices with correlations and obtained a simple expression for the leading eigenvalue. The research results demonstrate that correlations between non-diagonal matrix elements have a significant impact on stability.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Joseph W. Baron, Antonio F. Peralta, Tobias Galla, Raul Toral
Summary: The conventional voter model is modified to incorporate an agent's switching rate that depends on the time since the agent last switched opinion. The modified model introduces a continuous age variable. Both computational and analytical approaches are used to handle the resulting individual-based system with non-Markovian dynamics and concentration-dependent rates. The paper discusses special cases of age-dependent switching rates and also includes the effects of spontaneous changes of opinion, showing a continuous transition between coexistence and consensus phases in a noisy voter model with continuous ageing. The stationary probability distribution is also approximated analytically.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Joseph W. Baron, Thomas Jun Jewell, Christopher Ryder, Tobias Galla
Summary: Although it is generally assumed that the eigenvalue spectrum of a random matrix only depends on the first and second moments of its elements, we provide a counterexample in the context of the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations. Using dynamic mean-field theory, we derive the statistics of species interactions in an evolved ecological community and show that beyond Gaussian ensemble, the full statistics of these interactions are necessary to accurately predict the eigenvalue spectrum and stability. Therefore, the universality principle fails in this system, highlighting the importance of considering non-Gaussian statistics in the analysis of random matrices.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ferran Larroya, Tobias Galla
Summary: We present an individual-based model of a complex ecological community with random interactions. The model focuses on the role of demographic noise in driving species extinctions, particularly in systems composed of predator-prey pairs. We find that increasing complexity of interactions generally makes ecological communities less prone to extinction events induced by demographic noise.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-COMPLEXITY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Lyle Poley, Joseph W. Baron, Tobias Galla
Summary: In the analysis of complex ecosystems, random interaction coefficients are commonly used, assuming that all species are statistically equivalent. This study relaxes this assumption by introducing hierarchical interspecies interactions into a generalized Lotka-Volterra dynamical system. In a hierarchical community, species benefit more from interactions with species lower in the hierarchy than from those higher. Using dynamic mean-field theory, it is demonstrated that a strong hierarchical structure stabilizes the ecosystem, but reduces the number and abundances of surviving species. Additionally, increased heterogeneity in the variances of interaction coefficients across hierarchy positions destabilizes the ecosystem. The study also explores the dependence of species' abundance and survival probability on their position in the hierarchy.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Annalisa Caligiuri, Victor M. Eguiluz, Leonardo Di Gaetano, Tobias Galla, Lucas Lacasa
Summary: By interpreting a temporal network as a trajectory of a latent graph dynamical system, the concept of dynamical instability and a measure to estimate the network maximum Lyapunov exponent (nMLE) is introduced. Nonlinear time-series analysis algorithmic methods are extended to networks to quantify sensitive dependence on initial conditions and estimate the nMLE directly from a single network trajectory. The method is validated for synthetic generative network models displaying low- and high-dimensional chaos, and potential applications are discussed.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Enrique Rozas Garcia, Mark J. Crumpton, Tobias Galla
Summary: This study investigates communities emerging from generalized random Lotka-Volterra dynamics with a large number of species. The interactions between species are determined by the degree of niche overlap. Using dynamic mean-field theory, the authors characterize the statistics of the resulting communities and determine the conditions for stability breakdown. Two types of transitions are identified, each marked by diverging abundances and different behavior of the integrated response function. Numerical analysis of the eigenvalue spectra of the interaction matrix reveals evidence of the two types of dynamical transitions.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Joseph W. Baron
Summary: Quantifying the eigenvalue spectra of large random matrices can help us understand the factors contributing to the stability of dynamical systems. This study investigates the impact of interaction networks on the eigenvalue spectrum, considering network degree heterogeneity. We derive closed-form expressions for the eigenvalue spectrum of a general weighted and directed network, and use them to derive formulas for corrections to well-known results in random matrix theory. The results suggest that network heterogeneity mostly destabilizes complex dynamical systems.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Javier Aguilar, Joseph W. Baron, Tobias Galla, Raul Toral
Summary: This study proposes a sampling method to calculate the statistics of rare events in stochastic processes. By selecting a set of stochastic bridges and assigning appropriate statistical weights, the method effectively focuses on the rare events while preserving the overall statistics. Additionally, a comparison with the WKB optimal paths validates the accuracy of the proposed method.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Joseph W. Baron
Summary: The study introduces a model of opinion dynamics in which consensus, polarization, and moderate opinions can all arise through the heterogeneous interactions between individuals. Using dynamic mean-field theory, the statistical features of these interactions and the nature of transitions between macroscopic states are identified. The study shows that the diversity of interactions between individuals can lead to polarization, consensus, or the spread of extreme opinions.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Joseph W. Baron
Summary: The study found that a sparse interaction network and heterogeneity in interaction strengths can lead to individual biases persisting for a long time, even when there is no overall bias. This conclusion is demonstrated by calculating the eigenvalue spectrum of the weighted network Laplacian using the theory of sparse random matrices.
