Review
Quantum Science & Technology
Vaisakh Mannalatha, Sandeep Mishra, Anirban Pathak
Summary: This article reviews existing quantum random number generators (QRNGs) and highlights their distinct features from the classical world. It also discusses the origin and applicability of randomness, as well as the nonclassical theories associated with different types of QRNGs.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jennifer Aldama, Samael Sarmiento, Ignacio H. Lopez H. Grande, Stefano Signorini, Luis Trigo Vidarte, Valerio Pruneri
Summary: Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum random number generation (QRNG) are crucial for data communication security in the future. Integrating these technologies into a single photonic integrated circuit (PIC) can significantly improve performance and reliability. While current implementations using commercial photonic components are mature, integrating all functionalities into a PIC can reduce size, weight, complexity, cost, and power consumption.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tommaso Addabbo, Ada Fort, Riccardo Moretti, Marco Mugnaini, Duccio Papini, Valerio Vignoli
Summary: This paper discusses a stochastic algorithm that is used to design tuning controllers for cryptographic True Random Number Generators. The algorithm provides an effective low-complexity solution to counteract entropy variability in integrated architectures. The proposed architecture is scalable and can be used as an alternative to the recommended health test in the NIST publication.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
S. N. Molotkov
Summary: This article obtains estimates for the limiting rate of generation of random sequences in random number generators based on fundamental prohibitions of Nature, and establishes the relationship between the limiting rate of the generation of random sequences and the principle of particle identity.
LASER PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
John T. Kavulich, Brennan P. Van Deren, Maximilian Schlosshauer
Summary: This study presents the results of a search for algorithmic randomness and incomputability in the output from two different QRNGs by applying tests based on the Solovay-Strassen test of primality and the Chaitin-Schwartz theorem. The first QRNG utilizes quantum vacuum fluctuations and the second QRNG is based on polarization measurements on entangled single photons. The study demonstrates the ability of the tests to detect repeated bit patterns and increases statistical power by almost 3 orders of magnitude compared to previous research.
Article
Optics
Xing Chen, Kai Redeker, Robert Garthoff, Wenjamin Rosenfeld, Joerg Wrachtrup, Ilja Gerhardt
Summary: Randomness in Bell test data can be certified by Bell's theorem without making assumptions about the experimental devices. Device-independent randomness has strict requirements for experimental devices and lower output randomness. By introducing a new model, more randomness can be extracted from the same data, which is an important step towards practical use of Bell tests in generating randomness.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Chieh Chien, Heng Xiang, Jianze Wang, Yufei Shi, Xuanyao Fong, Kah-Wee Ang
Summary: By harnessing the physically unclonable properties, true random number generators (TRNGs) can generate random bitstreams that are cryptographically secured, alleviating security concerns. However, conventional hardware often shows predictable patterns susceptible to machine learning attacks. This paper presents a low-power self-corrected TRNG based on molybdenum disulfide ferroelectric field-effect transistors, which exhibits enhanced stochastic variability and passes machine learning attacks, as well as statistical tests.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alessandro Trenti, Martin Achleitner, Florian Prawits, Bernhard Schrenk, Hauke Conradi, Moritz Kleinert, Alfonso Incoronato, Francesco Zanetto, Franco Zappa, Ilaria Di Luch, Ozan Cirkinoglu, Xaveer Leijtens, Antonio Bonardi, Cedric Bruynsteen, Xin Yin, Christian Kiessler, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Mathieu Bozzio, Philip Walther, Hannah C. Thiel, Gregor Weihs, Hannes Huebel
Summary: This article presents the results of the Quantum Technology Flagship project UNIQORN in the field of integrated photonics for quantum communication applications. Different integration platforms, including indium phosphide, polymer, and CMOS-compatible silicon platforms, were used to manufacture components and sub-systems for quantum communication devices. The indium phosphide platform was used to produce a transmitter chip for quantum key distribution, while the polymer platform was utilized for engineering non-classical light sources. Additionally, a quantum random number generator and a transimpedance amplifier based on gallium arsenide high electron mobility transistors were also fabricated.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Darren Hurley-Smith, Constantinos Patsakis, Julio Hernandez-Castro
Summary: Random number generation is crucial for many applications, but the current statistical tests have limitations in detecting biases. Despite being widely used, FIPS-140-2 tests are ineffective in detecting biases in obviously flawed pseudo-random number generators.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Melvin Mathews
Summary: This study explores using the randomness of bit flips in memory caused by ionized radiation in space, in combination with cryptographically-secure pseudorandom number generators, to enhance CubeSat communication encryption. Utilizing bit flip locations as a source of randomness for encryption has the potential to improve the security of CubeSat communication.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Marco Pistoia, Omar Amer, Monik R. Behera, Joseph A. Dolphin, James F. Dynes, Benny John, Paul A. Haigh, Yasushi Kawakura, David H. Kramer, Jeffrey Lyon, Navid Moazzami, Tulasi D. Movva, Antigoni Polychroniadou, Suresh Shetty, Greg Sysak, Farzam Toudeh-Fallah, Sudhir Upadhyay, Robert Woodward, Andrew J. Shields
Summary: This article presents experimental research on implementing high-capacity quantum-secured optical channels in mission-critical metro-scale operational environments using quantum key distribution (QKD) technology. The study achieved an 800 Gbps quantum-secured optical channel, multiplexed with other dense wavelength division multiplexed channels, on distances up to 100 km. The research also demonstrated the secure transportation of a blockchain application over the established channel. These findings contribute to the deployment of QKD-secured optical channels in high-capacity, metro-scale, mission-critical operational environments.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
I. M. Arbekov, S. N. Molotkov
Summary: Randomness, which is a fundamental property of quantum systems, is discussed in this article along with methods to extract and test it, utilizing logical constructions and mathematical tools. Quantum randomness can be demonstrated and felt through quantum devices like random number generators, contrasting with the classical systems where randomness is manually introduced by uncertainty in initial conditions. The goal of the authors is to track a unified logical path from the origin of randomness in the quantum domain to its extraction, physical implementation, and testing.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xing Lin, Rong Wang, Shuang Wang, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Wei Chen, Guang-Can Guo, Zheng-Fu Han
Summary: Generating random numbers is important in scientific applications. Quantum devices can generate true random numbers based on quantum mechanics. In order to address the deviation between existing random number generation models and real-world devices, we propose a quantum random number generation protocol and demonstrate it experimentally. Our protocol makes no assumptions about the source and only requires certain reasonable assumptions about trusted two-dimensional measurements. We achieve a randomness generation rate of over 1 Mbps with a universal composable security parameter of 10(-10).
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yasunari Hikima, Atsushi Iwasaki, Ken Umeno
Summary: This paper theoretically derived the variance of the reference distribution of Yamamoto and Liu's test, and proved that the true reference distribution of Coron's test converges to a normal distribution in some sense. This proof can be applied to other tests with minor modifications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tyler B. Albright, Jared D. Hobeck
Summary: The research aims to improve stochastic models for predicting electromechanical properties of conductive polymer composite materials with nanoparticle constituents, providing a means to quantify particle dispersion. CPC-based sensors have garnered attention in structural health monitoring, with the study characterizing CPCs composed of carbon black nanoparticles and phenolic-based resin epoxy both experimentally and computationally. A high-fidelity stochastic modeling solution is proposed for estimating electromechanical properties of such CPCs, with qualitative analysis on model fidelity and discussion on potential uses and validation techniques.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Optics
Rakhitha Chandrasekara, Kadir Durak, Alexander Ling
Article
Optics
Aitor Villar, Alexander Lohrmann, Xueliang Bai, Tom Vergoossen, Robert Bedington, Chithrabhanu Perumangatt, Huai Ying Lim, Tanvirul Islam, Ayesha Reezwana, Zhongkan Tang, Rakhitha Chandrasekara, Subash Sachidananda, Kadir Durak, Christoph F. Wildfeuer, Douglas Griffin, Daniel K. L. Oi, Alexander Ling
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Saeid Karamzadeh, Kadir Durak, Naser Chamani Jam, Vahid Rafiei, Bader Awad
Summary: A novel structure of semi array of antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed in this study to extract RF radiations from single-photon detectors in a quantum key distribution system. The proposed antenna covers a frequency range from 2 to 12 GHz with an average gain of 12.5 dBi, improved by a lens structure. The unique features of the antenna, such as linear momentum, a good Envelope Correlation Coefficient, and Gaussian pulse response, make it suitable for use in quantum attack systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Hashir Kuniyil, Kadir Durak
Summary: The analysis of down-conversion emission from a critically phase-matched type I nonlinear crystal shows asymmetry in emission profile due to birefringent effects, resulting in reduced brightness with increasing crystal length. By inserting an off-centered lens, the symmetry of down-conversion modes can be improved, leading to more efficient use of photon pair sources in quantum optics applications.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kadir Durak, Naser C. Jam, Saeid Karamzadeh
Summary: In this study, the well-known RF penetration method is applied to quantum cryptosystems. By capturing RF radiations from single photon detectors in a quantum key distribution system, it is possible to detect the data contents of a quantum transmission system in the vicinity of the receiving parties. The experiment demonstrated the cloning of bit content with high accuracy using fingerprints of avalanche radiations from commercial single photon detectors.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hashir Kuniyil, Helin Ozel, Hasan Yilmaz, Kadir Durak
Summary: In optical sensing, imaging, detection, and ranging of objects in the presence of background noise is a significant challenge. The use of time and polarization correlations allows for improved signal-to-noise ratio, noise rejection, and overcoming detector saturation.
Article
Optics
Mohsen Izadyari, Mehmet Oncu, Kadir Durak, Ozgur E. Mustecaplioglu
Summary: This study investigates how quantum signatures can emerge in a single atom heat engine consisting of an atom confined in a tapered trap and subjected to hot and cold thermal reservoirs. The research models the system using a quadratic optomechanical model and compares the engine's performance in quantum and classical regimes by evaluating the power dissipated.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Melis Pahali, Kadir Durak, Utku Tefek
Summary: This article challenges the conventional wisdom that increasing the time bin width in quantum-key-distribution protocols can minimize information leakage to an eavesdropper. The study demonstrates that the mutual information fluctuates with respect to the bin width and suggests that the bin width should be carefully chosen. It also explores the impact of full width half maximums (FWHMs) on the mutual information and highlights the importance of the start time of binning.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hashir Kuniyil, Naser Jam, Kadir Durak
SPIE FUTURE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES (2020)
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kadir Durak
TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Kadir Durak, Naser Jam, Cagri Dindar
QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES AND QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE V
(2019)
Article
Optics
Chi Huan Nguyen, Adrian Nugraha Utama, Nick Lewty, Kadir Durak, Gleb Maslennikov, Stanislav Straupe, Matthias Steiner, Christian Kurtsiefer
