Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alison E. Stout, Qinghua Guo, Jean K. Millet, Gary R. Whittaker
Summary: COVID-19 pandemic, presumed to have originated in bats, has caused significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Bats not only serve as reservoirs for coronaviruses but also various other viruses, possibly due to unique aspects of their immune system physiology. The presence of a furin cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may play a crucial role in allowing the virus to overcome species barriers and cause human disease.
COMPARATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Virology
Ting Le, Chao Sun, Jitao Chang, Guijie Zhang, Xin Yin
Summary: mRNA vaccines have promising potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases due to their advantages of low risk of insertional mutagenesis, high potency, accelerated development cycles, and potential for low-cost manufacture. Clinical trials of mRNA vaccines for diseases such as rabies, Zika, and influenza have shown promise. The successful application of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 further validates the platform and highlights its potential in the veterinary field. This review provides an overview of mRNA vaccines and their development technologies, as well as discusses the future directions and challenges of utilizing this promising vaccine platform in veterinary medicine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Cable, Anthony Fauci, William E. Dowling, Stephan Guenther, Dennis A. Bente, Pragya Dhruv Yadav, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lin-Fa Wang, Rahul K. Arora, Maria Van Kerkhove, May C. Chu, Thomas Jaenisch, Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon David William Frost, Daniel G. Bausch, Lisa E. Hensley, Eric Bergeron, Ioannis Sitaras, Michael D. Gunn, Thomas W. Geisbert, Cesar Munoz-Fontela, Florian Krammer, Emmie de Wit, Pontus Nordenfelt, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Sarah C. Gilbert, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Luis M. Branco, Sylvain Baize, Neeltje van Doremalen, Marco A. Krieger, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Renske Hesselink, Dan Hartman
Summary: The importance of maintaining and strengthening investments in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, etc. during the COVID-19 pandemic to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens, was emphasized during a symposium gathering researchers from various sectors.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Amr El-Sayed, Mohamed Kamel
Summary: Bats serve as a natural reservoir for many viruses, including coronaviruses, and have played a significant role in the emergence of viral diseases. Since 2002, bat-borne viruses have led to fatal epidemics like SARS and MERS. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, caused by a coronavirus believed to have originated from bats, has been the most devastating viral outbreak to date.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Guth, Nardus Mollentze, Katia Renault, Daniel G. Streicker, Elisa Visher, Mike Boots, Cara E. Brook
Summary: Identifying virus characteristics associated with the largest public health impacts on human populations is critical. Bats harbor the most virulent zoonotic viruses even when compared to birds, while primates, which are more closely related to humans, have highly transmissible viruses. However, a disproportionately high human death burden is not associated with any animal reservoir, including bats.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kirk Osmond Douglas, Claire Cayol, Kristian Michael Forbes, Thelma Alafia Samuels, Olli Vapalahti, Tarja Sironen, Marquita Gittens-St Hilaire
Summary: The study in Barbados found antibodies against orthohantaviruses, mammarenaviruses, and orthopoxviruses in wild mice and rats, but no viral RNA was detected. This is the first serological evidence of orthohantavirus infections in Mus musculus and mammarenavirus and orthopoxvirus infections in Rattus norvegicus and M. musculus in the English-speaking Caribbean. Rodents could pose a potential zoonotic and biosecurity risk for transmission of these human pathogens in Barbados.
Review
Cell Biology
Jin Tian, Jiumeng Sun, Dongyan Li, Ningning Wang, Lifang Wang, Chang Zhang, Xiaorong Meng, Xiang Ji, Marc A. Suchard, Xu Zhang, Alexander Lai, Shuo Su, Michael Veit
Summary: This article mainly introduces the taxonomy, geographic distribution, and unique traits of bats as virus reservoirs, as well as the origin, intermediate hosts, and interspecies transmission mechanisms of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses associated with bats. The molecular interactions between viral surface proteins and host cell receptors are also studied, comparing these interactions in humans, intermediate hosts, and bats.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ahmed Al Obaid, Faisal Shuraim, Ahmad Al Boug, Sharif Al Jbour, Farah Neyaz, Abdul Hadi Aloufi, Zuhair Amr
Summary: This article summarizes the bat species in Saudi Arabia, including 30 species and 21 genera within 9 families. Some species have only been recorded in one locality. The taxonomy of some species has been updated. The article also provides information on the distribution, habitat preference, and biology of the bats. An analysis of the bat fauna in Saudi Arabia reveals six major zoogeographical affinities. The threats to and conservation status of the bats in Saudi Arabia are highlighted.
Article
Biology
Scott L. Nuismer, Andrew J. Basinski, Courtney Schreiner, Alexander Whitlock, Christopher H. Remien
Summary: The ecology and life history of wild animals influence their potential to harbor infectious disease. Average lifespan and viral mutation rate play a crucial role in the likelihood of animals serving as reservoirs for human infectious disease. Persistent infections and transient immune responses within the reservoir are more likely to lead to the emergence of viral pathogens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pablo Colunga-Salas, Giovani Hernandez-Canchola
Summary: Mexican bats harbor a diverse range of coronaviruses, with SARS-CoV-2 belonging to an independent clade within the Betacoronavirus genus. Further analysis is warranted to understand the potential risk of transmission from humans to Mexican bats during current and future outbreaks.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth, Thanaphon Songhong, Sakda Yainoy, Arnaud Monteil, Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong, Dorothee Misse, Sineewanlaya Wichit
Summary: The ongoing changes in Southeast Asia make the region vulnerable to zoonotic viral diseases. In the past century, major outbreaks, including SARS-CoV-2, arboviruses, avian influenza, SARS-CoV, and imported cases of MERS-CoV, have had significant health and economic impacts. Implementing the One Health initiative is crucial to prevent, detect, and respond to these diseases while promoting sustainable development. This review provides an overview of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in Southeast Asia and emphasizes the importance of One Health in intervention strategies.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Abdulrhman Mohana, Tarek Sulaiman, Nagla Mahmoud, Mustafa Hassanein, Amel Alfaifi, Eissa Alenazi, Nashwa Radwan, Nasser AlKhalifah, Ehab Elkady, Abdullah Almohaizeie, Fouad AboGazalah, Khaled AlabdulKareem, Fahad AlGhofaili, Hani Jokdar, Fahad Alrabiah
Summary: The study showed that the use of hydroxychloroquine for suspected COVID-19 patients in an outpatient setting following the recommended protocol is safe, highly tolerable, and with minimal side effects, primarily cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. No intensive care unit admission or deaths were reported among these patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jeremy V. Camp, Amelie Desvars-Larrive, Norbert Nowotny, Chris Walzer
Summary: Urban rats have been found to be potential hosts for zoonotic viruses, and monitoring their presence could provide valuable insights into the activity of these viruses in urban environments.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anita Lerch, Quirine A. Ten Bosch, Maina L'Azou Jackson, Alison A. Bettis, Mauro Bernuzzi, Georgina A. Murphy, Quan M. Tran, John H. Huber, Amir S. Siraj, Gebbiena M. Bron, Margaret Elliott, Carson S. Hartlage, Sojung Koh, Kathyrn Strimbu, Magdalene Walters, T. Alex Perkins, Sean M. Moore
Summary: In order to respond effectively to potential outbreaks of emerging zoonotic diseases, vaccines are being developed for prioritized pathogens. Vaccination strategies targeting healthcare workers have shown to have a higher impact compared to population-wide vaccination. The current estimates are based on the epidemiology of each pathogen, but uncertainties and evolution of pathogens may alter vaccine stockpile requirements in the future.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yakhouba Kane, Gary Wong, George F. Gao
Summary: Over the past three decades, coronavirus diseases have had a significant impact on humans, particularly the recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19, leading to economic disruptions and loss of lives. The rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome has resulted in variants of concern, posing a global threat to human health. Identifying the zoonotic origin and transmission of these viruses is crucial for pandemic management and future outbreak prevention.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Craig S. Ross, David Sutton, Paul Skinner, Sahar Mahmood, Felicity Wynne, Brandon Londt, Chad M. Fuller, Jo Mayers, Alejandro Nunez, Daniel J. Hicks, Sharon M. Brookes, Ashley C. Banyard, Ian H. Brown
Summary: Newcastle disease (ND) is a significant disease of poultry caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). Pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1) can also cause infections. A study investigated the pathogenesis and transmission of a specific APMV-1 strain in game birds and compared it to a contemporary PPMV-1 strain. The study suggested that game birds may play a role in the transmission and epidemiology of APMV-1 viruses.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohammad A. Alahmadi, Khalid H. Almasoud, Amani H. Aljahani, Naweed S. Alzaman, Omar M. Al Nozha, Osama M. Alahmadi, Rola A. Jalloun, Eman M. Alfadhli, Jomana M. Alahmadi, Areeg A. Zuair, Naif S. Alzahrani, Ahmed A. Alahmdi, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Bachir Zoudji, Abdulaziz A. Aldayel, Nasser M. Al-Daghri
Summary: The purpose of this study was to validate and evaluate the reliability of the Arabic version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ). The results showed significant correlations between the Arabic SBQ and total sitting time measured by IPAQ-SF and IPAQ-LF. The test-retest reliability of the Arabic SBQ was also found to be satisfactory.
Review
Virology
Laith AL-Eitan, Malek Alnemri, Mishael Alkhawaldeh, Ahmad Mihyar
Summary: Rodents are a highly abundant mammal species, making up over two-fifths of all mammal species with approximately 4600 existing species. They are capable of transmitting deadly diseases, particularly those caused by viruses. The Middle East, due to its geographical location and diverse topography, biosphere, and climate, is vulnerable to hosting emerging diseases, especially with the presence of refugee crises. This review aims to raise awareness among public health organizations in the Middle East about the dangers of rodent-borne diseases reported or suspected in the region.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed, Mohammed R. Rabei, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelraheem Elshaer, Eman Mohamad El Nashar, Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi, Zainah Al-Qahtani, Ahmed Nabawy
Summary: This study evaluated the role of curcumin in diabetes-induced central neuropathy of the spinal cord and the underlying mechanisms. Curcumin was found to improve spinal cord changes, suppress glial activation and neuronal apoptosis, and regulate Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB signaling.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sumera Javad, Saba Maqsood, Anis Ali Shah, Ajit Singh, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Eman M. El Nashar, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Attalla F. El-kott, Walid F. A. Mosa
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on mitigating heavy metal stress in wheat. The results showed that the application of IONPs significantly improved the growth and antioxidant capacity of wheat plants. Therefore, IONPs have a positive effect on alleviating heavy metal stress in wheat.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mansour A. Alghamdi, Laith N. AL-Eitan, Amneh H. Tarkhan
Summary: This study analysed the genome and methylome of common warts using an integrative approach. A total of 276 genes were identified as differentially expressed and differentially methylated in common warts, with 52% being upregulated and hypermethylated. Functional enrichment analysis identified extracellular components as the most enriched annotations, while network analyses identified ELN, ITGB1, TIMP1, MMP2, LGALS3, COL1A1, and ANPEP as significant hub genes.
Review
Virology
Laith AL-Eitan, Ahmad Mihyar, Liguo Zhang, Punam Bisht, Rudolf Jaenisch
Summary: Bat-borne viruses have attracted considerable research attention due to their asymptomatic nature in bats and lethal effects on other mammalian species. This article discusses the differences in the interferon-mediated antiviral response in bats compared to other mammals and explores the correlation between these differences and viral tolerance in bats. The impact of bat interferons related genes on human antiviral response against bat-borne viruses is also discussed.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Nahla Reda Sarhan, Eman Mohamed El Nashar, Eman Hamza, Shimaa M. El-Beah, Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi, Khulood Mohammed Al-Khater, Rashid A. Aldahhan, Eman Shaaban Abul-Ela
Summary: This study aimed to explore the anti-aging role of whey protein (WP) against D-galactose induced age-related degenerative changes and oxidative damage in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and investigate its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that WP can alleviate the D-galactose-induced PFC aging through activating the Nrf2 pathway, reducing cell senescence and gliosis. Therefore, WP may be a potential therapeutic target to retard the aging process.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi, Khaled Abdulwahab Amer, Abdulrahman Ali S. Aldosari, Reemah Farhan Al Qahtani, Haneen Saeed Shar, Lujane Mohammed Al-Tarish, Rammas Abdullah Shawkhan, Mohammad Ali Alahmadi, Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem, Laith Naser AL-Eitan
Summary: This study found that lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) has a significant impact on the quality of life of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. It is recommended that patients consult with experienced healthcare providers and clinicians for appropriate advice and treatment to improve their quality of life.
Article
Toxicology
Laith Naser AL-Eitan, Saif Zuhair Alahmad, Mohd Fahmi Munib Elmotasem, Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
Summary: This study reveals that the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA enhances metabolic activity and promotes angiogenesis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The expression levels of angiogenesis-related factors and cannabinoid receptor type-1 are increased after treatment with 5F-MDMB-PICA. This finding is significant for understanding the mechanisms of cannabinoid addiction and angiogenesis-related conditions.
TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sohaib M. M. Al-Khatib, Obada Ababneh, Hassann Abushukair, Nour Abdo, Laith N. N. Al-Eitan
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between five SNPs, not previously studied in any Arab population, and the risk and overall survival of AML in Jordanian patients. The results showed that NAT2 rs1799930 SNP had a statistically significant difference in genotype frequency between cases and controls, while IDH mutations did not correlate with the risk and survival of AML in the Jordanian population. A larger cohort study is needed to further investigate these findings.
Article
Virology
L. Carnegie, M. Hasan, R. Mahmud, M. A. Hoque, N. Debnath, M. H. Uddin, N. S. Lewis, I Brown, S. Essen, Md Giasuddin, D. U. Pfeiffer, M. A. Samad, P. Biswas, J. Raghwani, G. Fournie, S. C. Hill
Summary: Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 is prevalent in Bangladesh's poultry population and poses a potential zoonotic risk. This study investigates the spatial spread and dispersal patterns of H9N2 viruses in Bangladesh's poultry population using phylodynamic analyses, focusing on the two largest cities (Dhaka and Chattogram) and their poultry production and distribution networks. The study reveals that H9N2 viruses spread more within each city than between the two cities, and there is close epidemiological connectivity between markets within the same city. The study also suggests that H9N2 viruses spread more frequently between certain chicken types in Dhaka compared to Chattogram.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rehab Sabri Abdelrahman, Eman Mohamad El Nashar, Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi, Khulood Mohammed Al-Khater, Reham Ismail Taha
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Vinpocetine on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and found that Vinpocetine could alleviate inflammation and protect the bladder.
INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
