Article
Oncology
Xuan Zhao, Peiyi Han, Luyang Zhang, Junjun Ma, Feng Dong, Lu Zang, Zirui He, Minhua Zheng
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with prolonged neoadjuvant chemotherapy (pNCT) without radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The results showed that TNT had better pathological complete response and objective regression rates compared to pNCT. In patients with mid-to-upper rectal cancer, TNT and pNCT had similar recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates. However, radiation was still necessary for low rectal cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yong Huang, Wei Wei, Zhenguang Wang, Tao Liang, Shuyun Tian, Guangshun Fu
Summary: This study compared the prognosis of ypN0 and pN0 rectal cancer and found that ypN0 rectal cancer was associated with worse pathological diagnoses and oncologic outcomes compared to pN0 rectal cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor of worse prognosis in pathological node-negative patients. The study could provide guidance for the treatment of ypN0 rectal cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoyu Dong, Ying Huang, Xian Yu, Mingjin Huang, Wei Jiang, Dexin Chen, Guangxing Wang, Shuangmu Zhuo, Pan Chi, Jun Yan
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed collagen alterations and established a collagen score (CS) in the tumor microenvironment to evaluate its relationship with the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The CSIM-CT, created based on collagen area, number of collagen fibers, and a Gabor textural feature, predicted 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) with high accuracy. A nomogram using the CSIM-CT showed good prognostic value in predicting individual prognosis.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Huajing Teng, Yan Wang, Xin Sui, Jiawen Fan, Shuai Li, Xiao Lei, Chen Shi, Wei Sun, Maxiaowei Song, Hongzhi Wang, Dezuo Dong, Jianhao Geng, Yangzi Zhang, Xianggao Zhu, Yong Cai, Yongheng Li, Bo Li, Qingjie Min, Weihu Wang, Qimin Zhan
Summary: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients, yet little is known about the mediators underlying the heterogeneous patient response. In this study, the researchers conducted 16S rRNA sequencing on fecal specimens from LARC patients and discovered a decrease in microbial diversity after nCRT. They also found that Bacteroides vulgatus-mediated nucleotide biosynthesis is associated with nCRT resistance, and nonrespon-sive tumors have upregulated genes related to DNA repair and nucleoside trans-port. Additionally, the researchers identified uric acid as a potential prognosis marker for LARC patients receiving nCRT.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaofeng Jiang, Hengyu Zhao, Oliver Lester Saldanha, Sven Nebelung, Christiane Kuhl, Iakovos Amygdalos, Sven Arke Lang, Xiaojian Wu, Xiaochun Meng, Daniel Truhn, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Jia Ke
Summary: A deep learning model based on preoperative MRI scans was developed and validated to predict survival in patients with rectal cancer.
Article
Oncology
Francesco Sclafani, Claudia Corro, Thibaud Koessler
Summary: Rectal cancers make up one third of all colorectal tumors and pose challenges such as reducing risks of relapse, preserving sphincter function, and improving overall survival. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has shown some improvements in outcomes for locally advanced rectal cancer, but questions remain regarding patient selection criteria for this intensive treatment.
Review
Surgery
Qingbin Wu, Jiahao Zhou, Jun Huang, Xiangbing Deng, Changtao Li, Wenjian Meng, Yazhou He, Ziqiang Wang
Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the differences in pathological complete response rate and survival outcomes among patients who received different treatments for rectal cancer. It showed that total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy improved the pathological complete response rate compared to long-course chemoradiotherapy alone. Total neoadjuvant therapy with long-course chemoradiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy was associated with better disease-free survival. Both total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy with long-course chemoradiotherapy had similar outcomes in terms of pathological complete response rate and survival.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Maxiaowei Song, Shuai Li, Hongzhi Wang, Ke Hu, Fengwei Wang, Huajing Teng, Zhi Wang, Jin Liu, Angela Y. Jia, Yong Cai, Yongheng Li, Xianggao Zhu, Jianhao Geng, Yangzi Zhang, XiangBo Wan, Weihu Wang
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the performance of multicentre pre-treatment MRI-based radiomics (MBR) signatures combined with clinical baseline characteristics and neoadjuvant treatment modalities in predicting complete response to neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The results showed that the radiomics-based models outperformed the non-imaging models, accurately reflecting the true nature of LARC and helping to identify patients who can undergo organ preservation strategies.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Mark Donnelly, Odhran K. Ryan, Eanna J. Ryan, Ben Creavin, Mary O'Reilly, Ray McDermott, Rory Kennelly, Ann Hanly, Sean T. Martin, Des C. Winter
Summary: This study demonstrates that total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) improves survival and recurrence benefits compared with current standards of care. TNT treatment strategies also improve radiological and oncological responses to treatment, and may increase the number of patients suitable for organ preservation, without negatively influencing treatment toxicity or compliance.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Markus Diefenhardt, Daniel Martin, Ethan B. Ludmir, Maximilian Fleischmann, Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Michael Ghadimi, Rebekka Kosmala, Bulent Polat, Tim Friede, Bruce D. Minsky, Claus Roedel, Emmanouil Fokas
Summary: This study developed and validated a predictive model for identifying patients at risk of high-grade toxicity in rectal cancer treatment. The model can help guide treatment decisions and improve patient participation in shared decision making.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeonghee Han, Jong Ho Kim, Jin-Won Lee, Sang Hyup Han, Haesung Kim
Summary: This study found that the use of metformin before preoperative CCRT is significantly associated with good tumor response in rectal cancer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Justin A. Shyer, Shannon J. Turley, Louis Vermeulen
Summary: In this study, Qin et al. conducted a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics analysis of the tumor microenvironment of rectal cancer tumors before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Robert Glynne-Jones, Stuart Glynne-Jones
Summary: There is a lack of universally accepted instrument for predicting overall survival in rectal cancer trials using chemoradiotherapy, with the neoadjuvant rectal score proposed as a potential solution to categorize response and downstaging and predict overall survival outcomes. The score has been conceptually validated, but its statistical validation remains incomplete, and the absence of significant survival benefits in preoperative phase 3 trials poses a challenge for its widespread acceptance as a surrogate endpoint.
Article
Oncology
Jingjing Wu, Mingzhe Huang, Yuanhui Wu, Yisong Hong, Linbin Cai, Rongzhao He, Yanxin Luo, Puning Wang, Meijin Huang, Jinxin Lin
Summary: This study compared the therapeutic outcomes and survival rates of locally advanced rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (N-CT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (N-CRT). The results showed that although N-CT caused fewer complications, there was no significant difference in survival rates compared to N-CRT. Therefore, N-CT could be considered as an alternative treatment for rectal cancer.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Falk Roeder, Sabine Gerum, Stefan Hecht, Florian Huemer, Tarkan Jaeger, Reinhard Kaufmann, Eckhard Klieser, Oliver Owen Koch, Daniel Neureiter, Klaus Emmanuel, Felix Sedlmayer, Richard Greil, Lukas Weiss
Summary: The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer has changed significantly, with the introduction of total neoadjuvant therapy, non-operative management for patients with clinical complete responses after neoadjuvant treatment, and upfront immunotherapy for patients with MSI-high/dMMR tumors.
Article
Oncology
Klara Hammarstrom, Israa Imam, Nafsika Korsavidou Hult, Joakim Ekstrom, Tobias Sjoblom, Bengt Glimelius
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Klara Hammarstrom, Israa Imam, Artur Mezheyeuski, Joakim Ekstrom, Tobias Sjoblom, Bengt Glimelius
Summary: In rectal cancer patients, tumor size or stage are independent predictors of excellent response to treatment, with small/early-stage tumors more likely to achieve complete remission. Elevated levels of the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) decrease the chance of response. Radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy are commonly used in rectal cancer treatment, occasionally resulting in complete tumor remission.
Article
Oncology
Erik Osterman, Klara Hammarstrom, Israa Imam, Emerik Osterlund, Tobias Sjoblom, Bengt Glimelius
Summary: The completeness and accuracy of synchronous metastases and recurrences in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry have not been thoroughly investigated. The registration of recurrences after 5 years is accurate to between 1 and 2%, but less accurate earlier. There were a small number of unreported recurrences and falsely reported recurrences discovered in the chart review.
Article
Surgery
Malin Enblad, Klara Hammarstrom, Joakim Folkesson, Israa Imam, Milan Golubovik, Bengt Glimelius
Summary: Mucinous rectal cancer in a defined region of Sweden has higher recurrence rates and lower complete response rates compared to general rectal cancer. Perineural invasion is the main feature associated with recurrence. Synchronous metastases commonly occur in the liver, while metachronous metastases are more common in the lungs.
Article
Oncology
Masoud Karimi, Pia Osterlund, Klara Hammarstroem, Israa Imam, Jan-Erik Frodin, Bengt Glimelius
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors predicting complete pathological response (pCR) in patients with rectal cancer. Tumor stage and length, intensity of preoperative treatment, and laboratory factors were found to be associated with pCR. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy had a higher pCR rate than radiotherapy alone. A predictive model was developed using tumor stage and length, CEA, and leukocyte levels.
Review
Oncology
Erik Osterman, Klara Hammarstrom, Israa Imam, Emerik Osterlund, Tobias Sjoblom, Bengt Glimelius
Article
Oncology
Derek A. Mumaw, Allison J. Hazy, Aleksander Vayntraub, Thomas J. Quinn, Kamran Salari, John H. Chang, Noah Kalman, Sanford Katz, James Urbanic, Robert H. Press, Arpi Thukral, Henry Tsai, George E. Laramore, Jason Molitoris, Carlos Vargas, Samir H. Patel, Craig Stevens, Rohan L. Deraniyagala
Summary: This study evaluated contralateral recurrences in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who received unilateral proton beam therapy. The results showed a favorable contralateral neck failure rate that was comparable to photon irradiation.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Kangpyo Kim, Dongryul Oh, Jae Myoung Noh, Yang Won Min, Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Chan Ahn
Summary: This study suggests that hypofractionated radiation therapy alone is a feasible option for early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Particularly, in patients with tumor length < 3 cm, this treatment scheme shows favorable local control rates with low incidence of esophageal toxicities.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Lin Chen, Jing Li, Kunpeng Li, Jiang Hu, Qingjie Li, Chenglong Huang, Gaoyuan Wang, Na Liu, Linglong Tang
Summary: This study analyzed the probability of hearing impairment after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and developed a predictive model, providing dose limitation suggestions to improve patients' quality of life.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Yiwei Yang, Jianxin Wang, Feng Gao, Zhen Liu, Tangzhi Dai, Haowen Zhang, Hongyu Zhu, Tingting Wang, Dexin Xiao, Kui Zhou, Zheng Zhou, Dai Wu, Xiaobo Du, Sen Bai
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive description of the current status of PARTER, which is the first experimental FLASH platform utilizing megavoltage X-rays. It showcases the reliable performance and stability of the dosimeters and monitors used in PARTER, as well as the satisfactory dose distribution and characteristics of the FLASH X-rays. The platform effectively meets the requirements of preclinical research on megavoltage X-ray FLASH and undergoes continuous upgrades.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Maria Thor, Kelly Fitzgerald, Aditya Apte, Jung Hun Oh, Aditi Iyer, Otasowie Odiase, Saad Nadeem, Ellen D. Yorke, Jamie Chaft, Abraham J. Wu, Michael Offin, Charles B. Simone Ii, Isabel Preeshagul, Daphna Y. Gelblum, Daniel Gomez, Joseph O. Deasy, Andreas Rimner
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of disease progression in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after receiving definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The results showed that tumor diameter and SUVmax were the most frequently reported features associated with progression/survival, and a re-fitted model including these two features had the best performance.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Yong-Qiao He, Tong-Min Wang, Da-Wei Yang, Wen-Qiong Xue, Chang-Mi Deng, Dan-Hua Li, Wen-Li Zhang, Ying Liao, Ruo-Wen Xiao, Lu-Ting Luo, Hua Diao, Xia-Ting Tong, Yan-Xia Wu, Xue-Yin Chen, Jiang-Bo Zhang, Ting Zhou, Xi-Zhao Li, Pei-Fen Zhang, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Shao-Dan Zhang, Ye-Zhu Hu, Guan-Qun Zhou, Jun Ma, Ying Sun, Wei-Hua Jia
Summary: In this study, researchers aimed to establish a predictive model for radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients by incorporating clinical factors and newly developed genetic variants. They conducted a large-scale retrospective study and a genome-wide association study to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) for RBI risk prediction. The results showed that the PRS, combined with clinical factors, improved the accuracy of RBI risk stratification and suggested personalized radiotherapy.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Oncology
Xiaoyong Xiang, Zhe Ji, Jing Jin
Summary: A review of studies suggests that brachytherapy as a salvage therapy for recurrent glioblastoma shows acceptable safety and good post-treatment clinical efficacy for selected patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
M. Berbee, C. T. Muijs, F. E. M. Voncken, L. Wee, M. Sosef, B. van Etten, J. W. van Sandick, F. A. R. M. Warmerdam, J. J. de Haan, E. Oldehinkel, J. M. van Dieren, L. Boersma, J. A. Langendijk, A. van der Schaaf, J. B. Reitsma, E. Schuit
Summary: This study externally validated a model for predicting 2-year total mortality in lung cancer patients in esophageal cancer patients. The intercept and/or slope of the original model needed adjustment to achieve good performance in esophageal cancer patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Dominique Reijtenbagh, Jeremy Godart, Joan Penninkhof, Sandra Quint, Andras Zolnay, Jan-Willem Mens, Mischa Hoogeman
Summary: This study compared the performance of the current PotD strategy with non-adaptive and fully online-adaptive techniques in the treatment of cervical cancer patients. The findings show that the PotD protocol is effective in improving normal tissue sparing compared to no adaptation, while fully online-adaptive approaches can further reduce target volume but come with a more complex workflow.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Albrecht Weiss, Steffen Loeck, Ting Xu, Zhongxing Liao, Aswin L. Hoffmann, Esther G. C. Troost
Summary: Traditional models for predicting radiation pneumonitis may not be applicable to non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with passively-scattered proton therapy. The use of effective alpha/beta parameter can predict the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis in these patients.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Z. A. R. Gouw, J. Jeong, A. Rimner, N. Y. Lee, A. Jackson, A. Fu, J-j. Sonke, J. O. Deasy
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of non-uniform fractionation schedules in radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Through modeling, optimized schedules are proposed to minimize local failures and toxicity risk. The results suggest that non-standard primer shot fractionation can reduce hypoxia-induced radioresistance and improve treatment outcomes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Sara Ronchi, Alessandro Cicchetti, Maria Bonora, Rossana Ingargiola, Anna Maria Camarda, Stefania Russo, Sara Imparato, Paolo Castelnuovo, Ernesto Pasquini, Piero Nicolai, Mohssen Ansarin, Michele Del Vecchio, Marco Benazzo, Ester Orlandi, Barbara Vischioni
Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy and toxicity of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma patients. The results show that CIRT is safe and effective in treating the local region, and immunotherapy after relapse can improve overall survival. However, further prospective trials are needed to assess the role of targeted/immune- systemic therapy in this disease.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Dominik Wawrzuta, Justyna Klejdysz, Marzanna Chojnacka
Summary: This study analyzed articles about radiation oncology published in The New York Times since its inception in 1851, and identified changes in media sentiment and prevalent themes related to radiotherapy. The findings suggest an increasing negative sentiment in media coverage towards radiotherapy, with a shift towards reporting treatment errors, toxicity, and ineffectiveness.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Elaine Limkin, Pierre Blanchard, Benjamin Lacas, Jean Bourhis, Mahesh Parmar, Lisa Licitra, Quynh-Thu Le, Sue S. Yom, Catherine Fortpied, Johannes Langendijk, Jan B. Vermorken, Jacques Bernier, Jens Overgaard, Jonathan Harris, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Anne Auperin
Summary: This study investigated the impact of season of radiotherapy on the outcomes of head and neck squamous cell cancer patients. The results showed that the season of radiotherapy did not have any significant effect on patient outcomes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Oncology
Fabio L. Cury, Gustavo A. Viani, Andre G. Gouveia, Camila V. S. Freire, Gabriel de A. Grisi, Fabio Y. Moraes
Summary: In limb-sparing treatment of soft tissue sarcoma patients, a 5-day course of preoperative radiotherapy results in high local control and favorable R0 margins, with acceptable complication rates, particularly for patients receiving higher biological equivalent doses.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2024)
