Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios Sagris, Emmanouil P. Vardas, Panagiotis Theofilis, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Evangelos Oikonomou, Dimitris Tousoulis
Summary: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia associated with increased risk of death, stroke, and peripheral embolism, leading to a high burden on healthcare systems. Identifying modifiable risk factors and implementing preventive measures are crucial for improving community health and reducing healthcare costs. Various mechanisms contributing to the development of AF, including electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue, have been proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Yiming Chen, Ying Huang, Xuliang Deng
Summary: External cervical resorption (ECR) is a pathological condition where resorption tissues invade the cervical aspect of the root, causing severe damage to dental tissue and potentially involving the pulp. The etiology of ECR is poorly understood, and timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Research on histopathology and pathogenesis has shed light on potential mechanisms of ECR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mikayla A. Beckley, Sadeep Shrestha, Keshav K. Singh, Michael A. Portman
Summary: Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that affects children, particularly the coronary arteries. This study proposes that mitochondria, which serve as a central hub for energy generation and cellular processes, may play a critical role in the amplified inflammatory response seen in Kawasaki disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction alters immune cell activity and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, population-specific variants in mitochondrial DNA may explain racial disparities in disease risk and treatment response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gavin W. Sewell, Arthur Kaser
Summary: The cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23), mainly produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial stimulation, plays a critical role in chronic intestinal inflammation. IL-23 has been found to be associated with disease protection through genetic variations, and therapeutic targeting of the shared p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 has shown success in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent phase 2 studies have shown promise in targeting the specific p19 subunit of IL-23. However, the exact pathways downstream of IL-23 in mucosal inflammation in the gut are still debated.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jing Zhou, Yijia Fangma, Zhong Chen, Yanrong Zheng
Summary: Almost all stroke survivors experience physical disabilities and neuropsychiatric disturbances, which can be divided into post-stroke neurological diseases and post-stroke psychiatric disorders. Risk factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, and stroke type are related to these complications. Recent studies have identified critical mechanisms underlying these complications, and clinical efforts have developed pharmaceutical strategies and rehabilitative modalities. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is still debated, highlighting the need for further investigation.
Review
Cell Biology
Abbas Shahi, Shima Afzali, Zahra Firoozi, Poopak Mohaghegh, Ali Moravej, Ali Hosseinipour, Maryam Bahmanyar, Yaser Mansoori
Summary: There is a group of rare illnesses called vasculitis, which are characterized by blood vessel inflammation. Kawasaki disease is the most prevalent type of vasculitis in young children. It is no longer considered a self-limiting disease as its cardiovascular problems can persist into adulthood. The exact cause of Kawasaki disease is still unknown.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Pesce, Emma D. Stea, Michele Rossini, Marco Fiorentino, Fausta Piancone, Barbara Infante, Giovanni Stallone, Giuseppe Castellano, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly recognized as a global emergency, often due to sepsis, major surgery, and nephrotoxic drugs. Glomerulonephritis is responsible for about 10% of AKI episodes in adults, necessitating prompt and accurate diagnosis and effective management to improve short- and long-term outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Chun-Yu Chen, Shih-Hui Huang, Kuang-Jen Chien, Tsung-Jen Lai, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Kai-Sheng Hsieh, Ken-Pen Weng
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Kawasaki Disease (KD). The study found that VEGF levels were significantly higher in the acute phase of KD patients compared to the subacute and convalescent phases. KD patients with acute coronary artery lesions (CALs) had higher VEGF levels, which increased immediately after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). This suggests that VEGF may be related to the complications of CALs in KD patients.
Review
Immunology
Kai Liu, Fu-Sheng Wang, Ruonan Xu
Summary: Previously considered a homogeneous population, recent data have shown that neutrophils are diverse and involved in tissue damage and immune regulation. Their phenotypic and functional plasticity has been identified in various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, and infections. Neutrophils play a role in liver diseases through their autocrine, paracrine, and immune modulation functions.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Jing Yu, Nan Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Yuping Li, Jiameng Gao, Chang Chen, Zongmei Wen
Summary: This review focuses on the predisposing factors contributing to injuries to the donor lungs, specifically focusing on the pathogenesis of these injuries and their impact on post-transplant outcomes. Additionally, various maneuvers to mitigate donor lung injuries have been proposed.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Antonio Bovolini, Juliana Garcia, Maria Amparo Andrade, Jose Alberto Duarte
Summary: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. It is characterized by the coexistence of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance, and higher glucose levels. These factors are indubitably linked to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Javier Rodriguez-Carrio, Valeria Nucera, Ignazio Francesco Masala, Fabiola Atzeni
Summary: Behcet disease is a complex inflammatory condition characterized by oral and genital ulcers, with potential involvement of multiple organ systems. The etiology is unclear, but it is related to immune system dysregulation. Treatment options are diverse, but the underlying mechanisms of the disease require further exploration.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wen-Juan Cai, Sheng-Gang Ding
Summary: The study compared the clinical characteristics of complete Kawasaki disease (KD) and incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD), and analyzed the risk factors of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in KD. Significant differences were found in conjunctival congestion, rash, lymph node enlargement, hand and foot redness, intravenous immune globulin non-reaction, and fever time between KD and IKD groups. Multivariate analysis suggested that increased NT-proBNP and decreased Hb may be independent risk factors for CAL in children with KD.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yi Luan, Kai-Di Ren, Ying Luan, Xing Chen, Yang Yang
Summary: Vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission, have been shown to influence vascular diseases and may be a potential target for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yongle Cai, Jingliu Liu, Bin Wang, Miao Sun, Hao Yang
Summary: This article systematically summarizes the roles of microglia in Alzheimer's disease pathology, including the research on therapeutic targets such as pro-inflammatory genes, anti-inflammatory genes, and phagocytosis. Some of the findings are contradictory and require further investigation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Varun Kumar Sharma, Jagadeesh Bayry
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Camille Chauvin, Laurine Levillayer, Mano Joseph Mathew, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: This study reports that SARS-CoV-2 induces cytokine responses, particularly IL-13, in both resting and IL-3 primed basophils. However, the expression of surface markers associated with basophil activation and PD-L1 expression on basophils are not affected by SARS-CoV-2. The results suggest that basophil cytokine responses to SARS-CoV-2 might help reduce inflammation and promote antibody responses to the virus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amnah Al-Sayyar, Katina D. Hulme, Ronan Thibaut, Jagadeesh Bayry, Frederick J. Sheedy, Kirsty R. Short, Fawaz Alzaid
Summary: Patients with type-2 diabetes are at higher risk of severe respiratory tract infections, especially with the global spread of COVID-19. Similar risk factors and mechanisms exist between different respiratory infections. Research needs are increasing and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Srinivasa R. Bonam, Haitao Hu, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: Severe COVID-19 patients show dysregulated expression of checkpoint molecules PD-1 and PD-L1, indicating that these molecules could be considered as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in severe cases of COVID-19.
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Infectious Diseases
Sarah Delliere, Sarah Wong, Camille Chauvin, Jagadeesh Bayry, Agostinho Carvalho, Antonio Inforzato, Vishukumar Aimanianda
Article
Immunology
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Peter Paul Platenburg, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: In this study, the immunopotentiating mechanism of an oil-in-water emulsion-based vaccine adjuvant called LiteVax Adjuvant (LVA) was analyzed. The researchers investigated the effect of LVA and its components on the function of dendritic cells (DC), which play a crucial role in the immune response. They found that the component CMS significantly enhanced DC activation markers, cytokine secretion, and CD4(+) T cell responses. This study identified the unique role of CMS in LVA and proposed that LVA acts as a delivery system while CMS acts as an immunostimulatory agent.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Chetan Sharma, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: The full understanding of post-COVID-19 autoimmune diseases and their prevalence is limited. However, two large-scale studies have found a significant increase in the risk of developing various new-onset autoimmune diseases linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sruthi Vijaya Retnakumar, Camille Chauvin, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: T cell exhaustion is a major obstacle in mounting immune responses against chronic infections and cancers. Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules, especially PD-1, contribute to T cell dysfunction. Blocking PD-1 can reverse T cell exhaustion and stimulate the impaired immune system. The interaction between vaccine responses and ICP therapy needs further exploration.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Carole El Hachem, Pierre Marschall, Pierre Hener, Anupama Karnam, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Pierre Meyer, Eric Flatter, Marie-Christine Birling, Jagadeesh Bayry, Mei Li
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms of basophil recruitment to allergic skin using a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. It demonstrates that IL-3 produced by T cells mediates the extravasation of basophils by activating the expression of ALDH1A2, which is responsible for the production of retinoic acid. IL-3 also induces the expression of integrins involved in basophil extravasation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Jagadeesh Bayry, Eisha A. Ahmed, Diana Toscano-Rivero, Nicholas Vonniessen, Genevieve Genest, Casey G. Cohen, Marieme Dembele, Srini Kaveri, Bruce D. Mazer
Summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plays a crucial role in the treatment of humoral immune deficiencies and inflammatory disorders. While targeted therapies are emerging, the multifunctionality of IVIG as both an effector and regulatory molecule is noteworthy. This article explores the mechanism of action of IVIG in various resistant conditions and highlights mechanistic studies that shed light on its effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Sruthi Vijaya Retnakumar, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Haitao Hu, Jagadeesh Bayry
Article
Immunology
Nabarun Chandra Das, Pritha Chakraborty, Jagadeesh Bayry, Suprabhat Mukherjee
Summary: Mutation(s) in the spike protein is a major characteristic trait of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. Omicron, the latest variant, is highly transmissible and can escape host immunity. The study found that adintivimab, beludivimab, and regadanivimab are the most potent monoclonal antibodies in neutralizing Omicron variants.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Camille Chauvin, Sruthi Vijaya Retnakumar, Jagadeesh Bayry
Summary: Severe obesity speeds up the decline of neutralizing antibodies to COVID-19 vaccines, increasing the risk of hospitalization from breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections. These findings have implications for vaccination policies for SARS-CoV-2 variants and other infectious diseases like influenza in the obese population.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Camille Chauvin, Laurine Levillayer, Mathilde Roumier, Hubert Nielly, Claude Roth, Anupama Karnam, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Anne Bourgarit, Clement Dubost, Aurore Bousquet, Sebastien Le Burel, Raphaele Mestiri, Daminen Sene, Joris Galland, Marc Vasse, Matthieu Groh, Mathilde Le Marchand, Camille Vassord-Dang, Jean-Francois Gautier, Pham-Thi Nhan, Christian Verny, Bruno Pitaro, Cyril Planchais, Hugo Mouquet, Richard Paul, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Jagadeesh Bayry, Laurent Gilardin, Anavaj Sakuntabhai
Summary: Although tocilizumab treatment has shown efficacy in severe COVID-19 patients, its short-term use does not affect B cell sub-populations and cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent COVID-19 patients. The study found that SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG1 titers were dependent on disease severity rather than tocilizumab treatment. Both treated and non-treated patients had strong neutralizing activity against ancestral and several variants of SARS-CoV-2, but weaker activity against the Gamma and Omicron variants. Overall, tocilizumab therapy did not modify the robustness of cell and IgG responses to Spike antigens.
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Borja Rodriguez de Francisco, Isabel Valsecchi, Ariane Pille, Chi L. Pham, Vincent Dupres, Frank Lafont, Jagadesh Bayry, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Margaret Sunde, Inaki Guijarro
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Karlie R. Sharma, Christine M. Colvis, Griffih P. Rodgers, Douglas M. Sheeley
Summary: There are many genes within the druggable genome that have not been studied, and the US National Institutes of Health's program provides resources to explore these genes, with the potential for rapid impact on human health.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammad Sameer Khan, B. H. Jaswanth Gowda, Waleed H. Almalki, Tanuja Singh, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Summary: Mitochondria-specific functional liposomes hold great potential for cancer therapy. This review discusses the association between mitochondria and tumor formation, as well as the advantages of liposomes in delivering drugs to mitochondria.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Choong Yong Ung, Cristina Correia, Hu Li, Christopher M. Adams, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Shizhen Zhu
Summary: With increasing human life expectancy, the global medical burden of chronic diseases is growing. Chronic diseases often involve malfunctioning of multiple organs, and understanding the interorgan crosstalk is crucial to understanding the etiology of chronic diseases. Researchers have proposed the locked-state model (LoSM) and cutting-edge systems biology and artificial intelligence strategies to decipher chronic multiorgan locked states. The findings have important clinical implications for improving treatments for chronic diseases.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
