Review
Plant Sciences
Shabnam Katoch, Vivek Sharma, Devender Sharma, Richa Salwan, S. K. Rana
Summary: This article discusses the biology of the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, the role of its necrotrophic effectors and their interaction with sensitivity genes on the redox state, how they hijack resistance mechanisms, hormonal regulated immunity, and other signaling pathways in susceptible wheat plants.
Article
Entomology
Belachew Asalf, Andrea Ficke, Ingeborg Klingen
Summary: The study revealed that aphid feeding predisposed wheat plants to fungal disease, but aphids preferred and reproduced better on leaves that had not been infected by the fungal pathogen. These findings are crucial in understanding the interactions between multiple pests on wheat and developing new strategies for integrated pest management in the future.
Article
Agronomy
Lyudmila Plotnikova, Ainura Sagendykova, Violetta Pozherukova
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the resistance of Thinopyrum ponticum and introgressive lines of spring common wheat to Septoria blotch, as well as their agronomical properties for breeding programs in Western Siberia. The research identified lines that possessed both leaf and ear resistance to the disease, along with high yield and grain quality.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zengcui Zhang, Katherine L. D. Running, Sudeshi Seneviratne, Amanda R. Peters Haugrud, Agnes Szabo-Hever, Gongjun Shi, Robert Brueggeman, Steven S. Xu, Timothy L. Friesen, Justin D. Faris
Summary: This study successfully cloned the Snn3-D1 gene from Aegilops tauschii using a map-based strategy, revealing a new class of NE sensitivity gene that plays a crucial role in wheat resistance. The study also investigated the light-independent interaction between Snn3-D1 and SnTox3, shedding light on the mechanisms behind wheat susceptibility to Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB).
Article
Plant Sciences
Svetlana Veselova, Tatyana Nuzhnaya, Guzel Burkhanova, Sergey Rumyantsev, Igor Maksimov
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to plant immune responses, with Stagonospora nodorum inducing disease in wheat by affecting ROS production through necrotrophic effectors (NEs). The interaction between NEs and host sensitivity genes suppresses the host's immune pathway, leading to susceptibility. These findings significantly impact our understanding of wheat disease development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huyen T. T. Phan, Eiko Furuki, Lukas Hunziker, Kasia Rybak, Kar-Chun Tan
Summary: The study investigated the pathogenicity profiles of an Australian population of Parastagonospora nodorum using a diverse wheat panel, identifying distinct resistance patterns and isolate-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL). The study also discovered active interactions between SnTox3 haplotypes and Snn3-B1 and Snn3-D1 in Australian and bread wheat for the first time, potentially due to the use of new SnTox3 variants and germplasm from CIMMYT/ICARDA and Vavilov. These findings could contribute valuable information for SNB resistance breeding programs by dissecting novel disease components and identifying genetic markers.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Urmila Adhikari, James Brown, Peter S. Ojiambo, Christina Cowger
Summary: Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by Parastagonospora nodorum, is a major disease of winter wheat. This study characterized SNB lesion size and growth rate, and quantified the effects of temperature and relative humidity on lesion expansion in winter wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance. The results showed that lesion growth restriction is an important component of SNB resistance in the field, and limiting lesion size may be a useful breeding goal.
Article
Plant Sciences
Gayan K. Kariyawasam, Jonathan K. Richards, Nathan A. Wyatt, Katherine L. D. Running, Steven S. Xu, Zhaohui Liu, Pawel Borowicz, Justin D. Faris, Timothy L. Friesen
Summary: In this study, Parastagonospora nodorum, an economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat, was found to secrete necrotrophic effectors targeting wheat susceptibility genes to induce programmed cell death. The protein SnTox5, characterized in this study, facilitates efficient colonization of wheat mesophyll tissue and specific cell death in host lines carrying Snn5, suggesting a role in host defense suppression.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bayantes Dagvadorj, Megan A. Outram, Simon J. Williams, Peter S. Solomon
Summary: This study identified the interaction between the necrotrophic effector ToxA and the wheat protein TaNHL10. The interaction was confirmed using different experimental methods. The findings highlight the importance of host cell surface interactions in necrotrophic pathosystems.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yi-Chang Sung, Megan A. Outram, Susan Breen, Chen Wang, Bayantes Dagvadorj, Britta Winterberg, Bostjan Kobe, Simon J. Williams, Peter S. Solomon
Summary: The effector SnTox3 interacts with wheat pathogenesis-related protein 1 (TaPR-1) and influences its function by inhibiting the release of TaCAPE1, therefore activating host defense mechanisms. SnTox3 also independently induces necrosis and suppresses host defense, showcasing its dual functionality in disease development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Megan A. Outram, Yi-Chang Sung, Daniel Yu, Bayantes Dagvadorj, Sharmin A. Rima, David A. Jones, Daniel J. Ericsson, Jana Sperschneider, Peter S. Solomon, Bostjan Kobe, Simon J. Williams
Summary: Plant pathogens cause disease by secreting effector proteins, which require further targeted experimentation for functional studies. Research on SnTox3 using a structure/function approach revealed a novel beta-barrel fold and identified residues essential for Snn3 recognition through structure-guided mutagenesis. Additionally, a conserved motif (LxxR) in the pro-domain of fungal effectors, which can be cleaved by the protease Kex2, was discovered in an expanded set of effectors through in silico analysis.
Article
Agronomy
Amanda R. Peters R. Haugrud, Gongjun Shi, Sudeshi Seneviratne, Katherine L. D. Running, Zengcui Zhang, Gurminder Singh, Agnes Szabo-Hever, Krishna Acharya, Timothy L. Friesen, Zhaohui Liu, Justin D. Faris
Summary: Through genome-wide association analysis of 264 winter wheat lines, novel loci associated with sensitivity to SNB and tan spot, including Snn3, Tsn1, Tsc1 genes, and chromosomes 2A and 7D QTL, were identified. These results provide guidance for wheat breeders in obtaining resistance to SNB and tan spot.
MOLECULAR BREEDING
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Navjot Kaur, Chase Mullins, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Hillary L. Mehl
Summary: Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat, caused by Parastagonospora nodorum, is managed using cultural practices, resistant varieties, and foliar fungicides. A study found QoI resistance in P. nodorum from Virginia wheat fields and developed a molecular assay for screening resistant mutations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dora Li, Esther Walker, Michael Francki
Summary: The study identified and mapped resistance genes associated with the fungal necrotrophic disease Septoria nodorum blotch on chromosomes 1BS and 5BL in bread wheat, highlighting the complexity of host response to the disease. The research also revealed significant genome rearrangements on 1BS between different wheat varieties, providing new insights into the genetic control of SNB response. Additionally, the study addressed limitations of using the reference sequence to identify all functional R-genes in modern wheat varieties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Henry Tidd, Jason J. J. Rudd, Rumiana V. V. Ray, Ruth Bryant, Kostya Kanyuka
Summary: Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a damaging fungal disease of wheat in Europe, has become resistant to current protection methods. This study assessed the effectiveness of 19 known STB resistance genes in wheat genotypes, and found that Stb10, Stb11, Stb12, Stb16q, Stb17, and Stb19 provided broad spectrum disease resistance. Synthetic hexaploid wheat lines were identified as promising sources of effective STB resistance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Tomasz Mroz, Jon Arne Dieseth, Morten Lillemo
Summary: Spring wheat is the dominant wheat variety in Norway. Breeding efforts have focused on improving lodging and preharvest sprouting resistance, as well as breadmaking quality. Although new cultivars have been developed, little is known about the genetic basis of yield gains.
Article
Agronomy
Merlijn Morisse, Darren M. Wells, Emilie J. Millet, Morten Lillemo, Sven Fahrner, Francesco Cellini, Peter Lootens, Onno Muller, Juan M. Herrera, Alison R. Bentley, Michela Janni
Summary: To address the challenges of future food security, innovative technologies are needed to accelerate crop production. Plant phenotyping methods have advanced significantly, and field-based phenotyping plays a crucial role in capturing plant responses to the environment for breeding and selection requirements.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Heidi Udnes Aamot, Morten Lillemo, Espen Sannes Sorensen, Guro Brodal, Aina Lundon Russenes, Simon G. Edwards, Ingerd Skow Hofgaard
Summary: This study conducted a functional data analysis of weather-based time series data linked to DON content in Norwegian oats and identified weather patterns associated with increased DON levels. Oat fields with elevated DON levels generally had warmer weather around sowing, and lower temperatures and higher relative humidity or rain prior to flowering onwards, compared to fields with low DON levels. Functional data analysis was found to be a useful tool to reveal weather patterns of importance for DON development in oats.
Article
Agronomy
Bjorn Andersson, Annika Djurle, Jens Erik Orum, Marja Jalli, Antanas Ronis, Andrea Ficke, Lise Nistrup Jorgensen
Summary: Validation of models for plant disease management is crucial in developing decision support systems. This study used historical weather data and existing field trial data to verify the performance of models for determining the need for fungicide applications against wheat leaf blotch diseases. The models showed significant differences between seasons and regions, typically recommending one to three treatments per season. While the models tended to overestimate the need for fungicide applications, they rarely failed to recommend necessary treatments.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Vinay Kumar Reddy Nannuru, Susanne S. Windju, Tatiana Belova, Jon Arne Dieseth, Muath Alsheikh, Yanhong Dong, Curt A. McCartney, Maria Antonia Henriques, Hermann Buerstmayr, Sebastian Michel, Theodorus H. E. Meuwissen, Morten Lillemo
Summary: This study identified several QTL associated with FHB disease resistance in a panel of spring wheat. The research found a highly significant QTL on chromosome 7A that played a consistent role in FHB resistance. The findings provide valuable information for breeders to improve FHB resistance in wheat cultivars.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez, Henry Nicole Gonzalez, Abelardo Montesinos-Lopez, Maria Daza-Torres, Morten Lillemo, Jose Cricelio Montesinos-Lopez, Jose Crossa
Summary: Genomic selection is a predictive methodology that is changing plant breeding. In this study, the performance of two algorithms (TGBLUP and GBM) was compared on wheat datasets, and GBM outperformed TGBLUP in terms of prediction accuracy. Further research is encouraged to explore the virtues of GBM in genomic selection.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard, Guro Brodal, Marit Almvik, Morten Lillemo, Aina Lundon Russenes, Simon Graham Edwards, Heidi Udnes Aamot
Summary: The Norwegian cereal industry has faced challenges with the occurrence of Fusarium head blight pathogens and mycotoxins. The study finds that choosing oat varieties with high resistance can reduce mycotoxin levels, but different tests are needed for different toxin producers.
Article
Agronomy
Fahimeh Shahinnia, Manuel Geyer, Friederike Schuermann, Sabine Rudolphi, Josef Holzapfel, Hubert Kempf, Melanie Stadlmeier, Franziska Loeschenberger, Laura Morales, Hermann Buerstmayr, Julio Isidro Y. Sanchez, Deniz Akdemir, Volker Mohler, Morten Lillemo, Lorenz Hartl
Summary: Two loci on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL were found to significantly contribute to stripe rust resistance in current European winter wheat germplasm. These findings provide valuable information for the breeding programs aimed at developing rust resistant cultivars. Genomic association analysis identified 12 SNP markers on six wheat chromosomes that consistently showed effects on adult plant stripe rust resistance. Two highly predictive markers on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL were validated in three independent populations, indicating their potential for efficient selection of resistant cultivars.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Min Lin, Andrea Ficke, Jon Arne Dieseth, Morten Lillemo
Summary: A new QTL, QSnb.nmbu-2AS, for SNB resistance was discovered in both winter and spring wheat panels, which can significantly contribute to SNB resistance breeding. Genome-wide association studies identified 10 common QTL on 11 wheat chromosomes, and one QTL on chromosome 2A showed consistent and significant effects in both panels. However, the presence of resistant haplotypes in Nordic wheat cultivars is relatively low, indicating the potential of integrating this QTL in SNB resistance breeding programs. Furthermore, stacking resistant alleles of the detected QTL showed clear and significant additive effects, suggesting the potential application of marker-assisted selection in SNB resistance breeding.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Paula M. Moolhuijzen, Pao Theen See, Gongjun Shi, Harold R. Powell, James Cockram, Lise N. Jorgensen, Hamida Benslimane, Stephen E. Strelkov, Judith Turner, Zhaohui Liu, Caroline S. Moffat
Summary: This study conducted a pan genomic analysis of a globally significant crop fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), and identified potential variations involved in pathogenicity. The results provide a new resource for searching natural homologues and monitoring pathogenicity-related variations.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shellie Wall, James Cockram, Silvere Vialet-Chabrand, Jeroen Van Rie, Alexander Galle, Tracy Lawson
Summary: The ability of plants to respond to changes in environmental conditions is crucial for their survival and reproductive success. The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration can have a significant impact on crop performance, potentially affecting future food security. This study evaluates the phenotypic variation in wheat relatives and elite bread wheat cultivars, identifying differences in photosynthetic capacity and stomatal responses that could be beneficial for enhancing carbon gain and water use efficiency. Understanding the underlying genetics of these traits will be important for future breeding programs.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Camila M. Zanella, Marilena Rotondo, Charlie McCormick-Barnes, Greg Mellers, Beatrice Corsi, Simon Berry, Giulia Ciccone, Rob Day, Michele Faralli, Alexander Galle, Keith A. Gardner, John Jacobs, Eric S. Ober, Ana Sanchez del Rio, Jeroen Van Rie, Tracy Lawson, James Cockram
Summary: The wheat flag leaf plays a crucial role in providing photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. This study investigated the genetic architecture of flag leaf traits in European wheat and identified multiple loci responsible for these traits. A specific genetic locus, FLL5A, was found to increase flag and second leaf length, as well as leaf angle, resulting in larger leaf area. The increased length was associated with changes in cell size and stomatal morphology, suggesting trade-offs between leaf size and stomatal function.
Article
Agronomy
Nick Fradgley, Keith A. Gardner, Alison R. Bentley, Phil Howell, Ian J. Mackay, Michael F. Scott, Richard Mott, James Cockram
Summary: Through analyzing a genetically diverse wheat population, it was found that multi-trait genetic models and non-parametric models can improve prediction accuracy for complex traits and optimize relationships between multiple traits. These findings provide important insights for crop improvement.
Article
Plant Sciences
Gabija Vaitkeviciute, Aakash Chawade, Morten Lillemo, Zilvinas Liatukas, Andrius Aleliunas, Rita Armoniene, Tomoki Hoshino, Eri Ogiso-Tanaka, Prakit Somta
Summary: Climate change and global food security efforts are increasing the demand for adaptable crops in higher latitude temperate regions. This study evaluated the freezing tolerance (FT) of 160 winter wheat genotypes and identified germplasm with high FT. Differences in FT were observed based on country of origin, release years, and culton type. FT measurements under controlled conditions were shown to correlate with overwintering survival scores in the field, validating its reliability as a high-throughput method for FT evaluation. Genome-wide association studies revealed SNP markers associated with FT, and candidate genes were identified for introduction into winter wheat breeding programs in the Nordic region.
