Article
Optics
Haotian Zou, Bo Ni, Hua Zhou, Haibin Ni, Guohuan Hua, Jianhua Chang
Summary: In this study, a polarization selective broad/triple-band metamaterial absorber based on SiO2 all-dielectric is designed and analyzed. The absorber works in the long infrared band and exhibits more than 90% absorption in the range of 8.16 to 9.61 µm at a polarization angle of 0 degrees. Furthermore, it shows selectivity of incident light polarization with three absorption peaks appearing when the polarization angle exceeds 45 degrees. The absorber has potential for various applications due to its polarization selection and perfect absorption characteristics.
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Nawaz, M. Awais
Summary: This study utilizes the finite element method to investigate the double diffusion of nanoparticles and solute, accounting for the effects of diffusion thermo and thermal diffusion. The results show that Soret and Dufour parameters play significant roles in the double diffusion mechanism, and an external non-uniform magnetic field can control the fluid flow field. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects have been found to have a significant impact on the double diffusion phenomenon.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ebtihal H. Mustafa, Geraldine Laven-Law, Zoya Kikhtyak, Van Nguyen, Simak Ali, Alex A. Pace, Richard Iggo, Alemwork Kebede, Ben Noll, Shudong Wang, Jean M. Winter, Amy R. Dwyer, Wayne D. Tilley, Theresa E. Hickey
Summary: Targeting transcription via CDK9 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC. Preclinical studies showed that a selective CDK9 inhibitor, CDDD11-8, effectively inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, without apparent toxicity to normal tissues.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Martinez-Gonzalez, J. Monzo-Cabrera, A. J. Martinez-Saez, A. J. Lozano-Guerrero
Summary: In this study, Surfer software and Kriging interpolation were used for the first time to generate an indoor exposure map. Two strategies, Elimination of Less Significant Points (ELSP) and Geometrical Elimination of Neighbors (GEN), were presented and evaluated for reducing the measuring points. Results showed that the ELSP method can reduce up to 70% of the measuring points while producing similar exposure maps to the one generated with all the measuring points, while GEN produced distorted maps and higher error indicators even with only 50% of eliminated measuring points.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Krishnamurti Singh, Anirban Mahato, Mayank Tiwari
Summary: The transition from mixed stick-slip to gross-slip regime in advanced materials such as Zircaloy-4/Inconel-600, Ti6Al-4V/Inconel-600, and 9Cr-1Mo-steel/Ti-6Al-4V was explored in this study. Characterizations of worn surfaces showed sequential changes in contact state and associated chemical changes. Secondary cracks caused by low cycle fatigue in the plate material led to the movement of the stick-slip boundary and eventual transition of regimes over time.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Victor Pellet
Summary: Triple collocation-based methods are widely used to estimate the uncertainty of geophysical variables retrieved from satellite observations. These methods have the advantage of being applicable on a global scale without the need for ground-based truth. However, current methods are limited to estimating the overall standard deviation at grid scale, which does not provide information on precipitation error for specific time steps. In this study, a new method is introduced to estimate regime-dependent standard deviation error of precipitation using clustering. This method offers a temporal and spatial description of error statistics for different precipitation regimes.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Song, Min Chen, Jia Li, Linglei Zhang, Yun Deng, Jichang Chen
Summary: Selective withdrawal is an effective and promising method to mitigate thermal pollution and environmental problems in reservoirs and downstream rivers. However, the potential effects of selective withdrawal on harmful algal blooms in reservoirs are uncertain. This study developed a hydro-ecological model to investigate how different withdrawal scenarios affect algal growth and hydrodynamic environments in Zipingpu reservoir. The results showed that surface withdrawal could efficiently inhibit algal growth and decrease algal bloom concentration in the reservoir.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Optics
M. Kemel, A. Nady, G. Semaan, M. Salhi, F. Sanchez
Summary: The experimental study reported the operation of a triple-lobe wavelength double-clad co-doped Er:Yb fiber laser with a composite-state soliton regime. The passively mode-locked emission was achieved through the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique, and by fine adjustment of the polarization controllers, the complex regime could be switched into harmonic states. This work demonstrates a novel operation regime, potentially beneficial for understanding composite soliton dynamics in fiber lasers and for applications in wavelength division multiplexed transmission systems and optical signal processing.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Deepak B. Karki, Edouard Boulat, Christophe Mora
Summary: Quantum Hall edge channels can form correlated impurity models when combined with metallic regions, and a mapping to the boundary sine-Gordon model can be established under high transparency of the quantum point contacts. The device is predicted to produce fractional charges under finite voltage bias.
Article
Forestry
Petr Kupec, Jan Deutscher, Martyn Futter
Summary: This study presents evidence for a hydrological regime shift in upland central European forests, likely linked to longer growing seasons due to climate change. The shift has led to a transition from light limitation to water limitation in the forests, requiring new approaches to forest management.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Juntao Xiong, Junhao Liang, Yanyun Zhuang, Dan Hong, Zhenhui Zheng, Shisheng Liao, Wenxin Hu, Zhengang Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a real-time localization and semantic map reconstruction method for smart agriculture, integrating the visual-inertial SLAM VINS-RGBD framework with the semantic segmentation algorithm BiSeNetV1. The method achieves high accuracy and real-time performance in semantic map reconstruction, providing essential technical support for orchard management.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed Hayali, Roger J. Reeves, Maan M. Alkaisi
Summary: Perovskite materials offer high-efficiency low-cost solar cells and applications versatility. By changing the composition, the band gap can be tuned to prepare materials with wavelength-selective properties. Different compositions show different photoluminescence peaks, and a mixture of different compositions can be used to prepare materials that absorb specific wavelengths in the visible range. The efficiency of the fabricated solar cells ranged from 3.5% to 15.5%, depending on perovskite composition.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Mohammad Reza Zarrabi, Nasrollah Moghaddam Charkari
Summary: This paper studies the query version of constrained minimum link paths between two points inside a simple polygon P. The method involves partitioning P into equal link distance faces, forming a link-based shortest path map. The problem is initially solved for two given points s, t and a query point q, and then extended to a general case for three arbitrary query points: s, t, and q. An algorithm with O(n)preprocessing time is proposed for the former case, while an algorithm with O(n^3) preprocessing time is developed for the latter case. The link distances of q-visible paths between s, t, and the path are provided in O(log n) and O(m + log n) time, respectively, for the two cases, where m is the number of links.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Fadia Boudghene-Stambouli, Mathilde Soulez, Natalia Ronkina, Anneke Doerrie, Alexey Kotlyarov, Ole-Morten Seternes, Matthias Gaestel, Sylvain Meloche
Summary: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer face poor outcomes due to the aggressive nature of the disease and the lack of effective treatments. Identifying new therapeutic targets is essential, and recent research suggests that the protein kinase ERK4 may be a promising candidate. However, there are concerns about the experimental methods used to validate the oncogenic function of ERK4 in breast cancer.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zicheng Tang, Ke Tian, Ting Ma, Min Zeng, Qiuwang Wang
Summary: A new empirical flow-regime-based model of water boiling in rectangular microchannels is proposed and programmed using MATLAB code. The model divides the flow regime into four parts and incorporates suitable empirical heat transfer correlations and flow transition criteria to reasonably capture the boiling heat transfer mode. The new model shows better performance in predicting the heat transfer coefficients compared to existing empirical models.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Parisa Bazazi, Howard A. Stone, S. Hossein Hejazi
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the break-up of a liquid filament with silica nanoparticles in a surfactant-containing oil phase. It is found that when a viscoelastic layer forms at the interface, the pinch-off dynamics follows exponential decay. A simple approach is introduced to estimate the viscoelastic properties of liquid-fluid interfaces and the thickness of the interfacial layer, where direct measurement of interfacial rheology is not possible.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Christina Kurzthaler, Rodolfo Brandao, Ory Schnitzer, Howard A. Stone
Summary: In this study, we investigate the steady-state deformation of an elastic filament in various unidirectional, low-Reynolds-number flows. We consider two cases: the filament is either clamped at one end or tethered at its center and deforming symmetrically. We use a slender-body model to describe the filament shape as a function of the flow and a nondimensional compliance ratio. We analyze the small deformation and singular limit of the filament under different flow profiles, comparing numerical solutions with closed-form predictions obtained in both asymptotic limits.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
J. Roggeveen, H. A. Stone, C. Kurzthaler
Summary: We generalize classical dispersion theory to derive an asymptotic long-time convection-diffusion equation for a solute suspended in a wide, structured channel and subject to a steady low-Reynolds-number shear flow. The dispersion behavior depends on the surface structure, with tilted corrugations enhancing dispersion along the principal direction and decreasing dispersion perpendicular to it. Moreover, each Fourier mode of an arbitrary surface shape contributes a linearly-independent correction to the classical Taylor dispersion diffusion tensor.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Ivan C. Christov, Howard A. Stone
Summary: This study provides new concepts for understanding the transport phenomena in granular material flows by introducing a non-Fickian macroscopic model of axial diffusion in a cylindrical tumbler. The model considers diffusion induced by particle collisions only in a thin surface flowing layer due to shear localization. All model parameters are linked to measurable quantities in the granular flow. The proposed model is shown to be a specific case of linear constitutive relations with memory. An exact solution for the spreading of a finite-width pulse initial condition under the non-Fickian model is derived and compared to the solution of the Fickian model.
MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven G. Harrellson, Michael S. DeLay, Xi Chen, Ahmet-Hamdi Cavusoglu, Jonathan Dworkin, Howard A. Stone, Ozgur Sahin
Summary: Hygroscopic biological matter in plants, fungi and bacteria plays a significant role in Earth's biomass. These materials exchange water with the environment, exhibit similar mechanical behaviors controlled by the hydration force, and can give rise to a distinct class of solid matter called "hydration solid".
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zehao Pan, Janine K. Nunes, Camille Duprat, Ho Cheung Shum, Howard A. Stone
Summary: When a suspension of particles passes through a constriction, the particle volume fraction either decreases or remains unchanged. However, an entangled fiber suspension can increase its volume fraction by over 10 times after passing through a constriction. This increase is attributed to the entanglements among the fibers, which allow the network to move faster than the liquid. This finding provides a new strategy to control soft material properties during delivery processes in healthcare, 3D printing, and material repair.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernardo Gouveia, Sagar U. Setru, Matthew R. King, Aaron Hamlin, Howard A. Stone, Joshua W. Shaevitz, Sabine Petry
Summary: Microtubules are generated at various sites during cell division, including centrosomes, chromosomes, and within spindles. This study focuses on the nucleation of microtubules at chromosomes, revealing that chromosomes alone can trigger branching microtubule nucleation. The researchers observe this process using fluorescence microscopy and propose a theoretical model involving the release of effectors by chromosomes to spatially bias branching nucleation. These branched networks ultimately organize into functional spindles, with their number scaling with the number of chromosomes and chromatin area.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Thomas S. Shimizu, E. Toby Kiers, Howard A. Stone
Summary: A new mechanism for vein remodeling in vascular networks is proposed based on a combination of in toto imaging and theory.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jessica L. Wilson, Amir A. Pahlavan, Martin A. Erinin, Camille Duprat, Luc Deike, Howard A. Stone
Summary: The wetting behavior of drops attached to fibers can be influenced by a background airflow, resulting in alignment, repulsion, and coalescence processes. Understanding the behavior of fiber-attached drops in the presence of airflow and controlling drop motion and coalescence are challenging but significant for various applications. Through experiments, it is shown that wetting drops on parallel fibers can aerodynamically interact both with their downstream and upstream neighbors in a uniform air flow, leading to different behaviors such as alignment and coalescence. Particle-image velocimetry is used to visualize wake patterns and explain these behaviors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisong Yang, Amir A. Pahlavan, Howard A. Stone, Colin D. Bain
Summary: This study investigates the drying dynamics of alcohol droplets on surfaces and the influence of ambient humidity. The researchers observe complex drying behavior due to water condensation on the alcohol droplets, and propose a lubrication model to explain the phenomena.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Howard A. Stone, Michael J. Shelley, Evgeniy Boyko
Summary: This article presents a derivation of time derivatives commonly used in continuum descriptions of complex fluid flows, using the principles of line element kinematics. The evolution of microstructural conformation tensor in a flow and the physical interpretation of different derivatives are then naturally obtained.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Niki Abbasi, Janine K. Nunes, Zehao Pan, Tejas Dethe, Ho Cheung Shum, Andrej Kosmrlj, Howard A. Stone
Summary: Liquid-liquid phase separation induced by co-flow of a nonequilibrated aqueous two-phase system within a planar flow-focusing microfluidic device is experimentally demonstrated. Invasion fronts from the outer stream are formed along the top and bottom walls of the microfluidic device, which merge as the system reaches steady-state. The formation and growth of the invasion fronts are driven by Marangoni flow induced by the polymer concentration gradient along the width of the channel during phase separation.
