The role of osteopontin in oral cancer: A brief review with emphasis on clinical applications

Osteopontin (OPN) is a calcium-binding glycol-phosphoprotein present in many physiologic and pathological processes. This protein can control bone cell adhesion, osteoclastic activity, and bone matrix mineralization. However, its participation in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and cancer have been described. Some studies have shown that OPN may participate in the development and progression of oral cancer. Although the role of OPN in oral cancer is not fully understood, some studies have suggested that this protein may induce malignant phenotype of cells by activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which favors cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and failure of treatment. This review discusses the possible mechanism of involvement of OPN in oral cancer and its potential clinical application in diagnosis and prognosis.

Automated summary

Osteopontin (OPN) is a calcium-binding glycol-phosphoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including oral cancer. Its activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, leading to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatment. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of OPN in oral cancer.