Rational design of vanadium chalcogenides for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the fields of medium and large-scale stationary energy storage due to the sufficient natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources. The enhanced electrochemical performance of electrode materials is desired to accelerate the development of SIB systems in order to meet the increased need for practical use. Vanadium chalcogenides (VCs), featuring with high capacity and excellent redox reversibility, are considered to be the promising candidates for SIB anodes. This review discusses the recent advances and the remaining intrinsic challenges in VCs, covering an overview of the various synthesis methods, modifying strategies and electrochemical performance. In addition, the perspectives for future research are also provided based on current progress and scientific understanding.