期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
卷 51, 期 2, 页码 475-489出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0247.1
关键词
Eddies; Frontogenesis; frontolysis; Instability; Small scale processes
类别
资金
- National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41806023, 41975064]
- Jiangsu Program of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Group
- NUIST Startup Program [2017r054]
- Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province [18KJB170019]
- Gulf of Mexico Research Institute [S1539-664390-UCLA]
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) UGOS-1 [2000009918]
- NOAA IOOS SECOORA Program [NA16NOS0120028]
- Physical Oceanography (PO) Program
- Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program
- CSC-SOA Joint Scholarship Program [201804180031]
The study reveals that the submesoscale energy cascades in the eastern Gulf of Mexico exhibit high spatial heterogeneity, with the strongest submesoscale signals found in the northern Gulf of Mexico. During winter, the primary sources for submesoscale KE are buoyancy conversion and forward KE cascades from mesoscale processes.
The submesoscale energetics of the eastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are diagnosed using outputs from a 1/48 degrees MITgcm simulation. Employed is a recently developed, localized multiscale energetics formalism with three temporal-scale ranges (or scale windows), namely, a background flow window, a mesoscale window, and a submesoscale window. It is found that the energy cascades are highly inhomogeneous in space. Over the eastern continental slope of the Campeche Bank, the submesoscale eddies are generated via barotropic instability, with forward cascades of kinetic energy (KE) following a weak seasonal variation. In the deep basin of the eastern GoM, the submesoscale KE exhibits a seasonal cycle, peaking in winter, maintained via baroclinic instability, with forward available potential energy (APE) cascades in the mixed layer, followed by a strong buoyancy conversion. A spatially coherent pool of inverse KE cascade is found to extract energy from the submesoscale KE reservoir in this region to replenish the background flow. The northern GoM features the strongest submesoscale signals with a similar seasonality as seen in the deep basin. The dominant source for the submesoscale KE during winter is from buoyancy conversion and also from the forward KE cascades from mesoscale processes. To maintain the balance, the excess submesoscale KE must be dissipated by smaller-scale processes via a forward cascade, implying a direct route to finescale dissipation. Our results highlight that the role of submesoscale turbulence in the ocean energy cycle is region and time dependent.
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