Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frederick K. Ho, Stuart R. Gray, Paul Welsh, Jason M. R. Gill, Naveed Sattar, Jill P. Pell, Carlos Celis-Morales
Summary: This study explores the differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated factors among South Asian, Black, and White individuals. The results suggest that adiposity is an important risk factor for CVD regardless of ethnicity. Targeting interventions based on different risk profiles may be the most effective approach to address ethnic inequalities in CVD incidence.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Madhavan Sudharsan, Joachim Wen Kien Yau, Weiting Tan, Vishalkumar G. Shelat
Summary: The study found low awareness of Helicobacter pylori infection, with higher education level associated with greater understanding. The general public has limited knowledge about HP, but most are willing to undergo screening tests and are interested in learning more about the infection. Educational efforts are needed to improve awareness among the public.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric K. Broni, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Olatokunbo Osibogun, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Parag A. Chevli, Michael D. Shapiro, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Erin D. Michos
Summary: This study evaluated the association between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and adipokine levels. The concept of ideal CVH was introduced to promote 7 key health factors and behaviors, and previous studies found a strong association between obesity and ideal CVH. However, there is limited existing literature on the link between CVH and adipokines.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jing-Wei Gao, Shao-Ling Zhang, Qing-Yun Hao, Fei-Fei Huang, Zhao-Yu Liu, Hai-Feng Zhang, Li Yan, Jing-Feng Wang, Pin-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary zinc intake and coronary artery calcium progression. The results suggested that higher dietary zinc intake, particularly from non-red meat sources, was independently associated with a lower risk of CAC progression in a multiethnic population free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Biology
Mark Hopkins, Catherine Gibbons, John Blundell
Summary: Any explanation of appetite control should consider both the physiological processes that promote eating and those that inhibit it. However, it was only 15 years ago that research focused on the roles of body composition and appetite. Studies have shown a positive association between fat-free mass (FFM) and meal size and energy intake (EI), with resting metabolic rate (RMR) mediating this influence. These findings highlight the importance of considering both drive and inhibition in models of appetite control, and suggest that body composition and energy expenditure should be included as biological signals alongside traditional adipose tissue and gastrointestinal signals.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minh-da Le, Yiling Wu, Jarett D. Berry, Jeffrey D. Browning, James A. de Lemos, Ian J. Neeland, Ildiko Lingvay
Summary: There is an association between liver fat content and cardiometabolic parameters, and it is possible to define a threshold value for metabolically healthy liver fat content. However, liver fat content is not associated with cardiovascular events. Changes in liver fat content are correlated with changes in metabolic parameters.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biology
R. James Stubbs, Graham Horgan, Eric Robinson, Mark Hopkins, Clarissa Dakin, Graham Finlayson
Summary: Over the past 50 years, there has been an increase in the absolute energy from fats and carbohydrates, and the proportion of carbohydrates in the food supply. The dietary energy density (ED) is mainly influenced by the water and fat content in foods. Protein, carbohydrates, and fat have different effects on satiety and energy intake, with protein having the greatest impact. However, when comparing foods with equal energy density, the differences between fat and carbohydrates are modest. Increasing the dietary energy density covertly with fat, carbohydrates, or a mix of macronutrients leads to higher energy intake and weight gain.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Iori Yoshinaga, Kenichiro Yasutake, Ririko Moriguchi, Katsumi Imai, Shimako Abe, Misaki Ono, Hiromi Ueno, Keiko Watanabe, Masaki Kato, Shuji Nakano, Hisaya Kawate
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between underreporting and ketone bodies in obese Japanese women. The findings showed that underreporting and extreme energy restrictive practices were related to ketone body levels. Additionally, the study found that low energy intake and high ketone body levels were associated in Japanese women with obesity, and the combination of these factors can distinguish between underreporters and energy-restricted reporters.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Troy L. Merry, Patricia Metcalf, Robert Scragg, Richard Gearry, Meika Foster, Jeremy D. Krebs
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS) and glucose regulatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status in Aotearoa New Zealand. The MetSSS and MetSSS component coefficients were calculated for participants from two cross-sectional studies and compared by ethnicity, glucose regulatory status, and history of cardiovascular disease. The results showed a positive association between MetSSS and impaired glucose regulatory status as well as history of cardiovascular disease for all ethnic groups. Ethnicity significantly affected the coefficients of the MetSSS components, but all ethnicities had a similar MetSSS distribution. The study concludes that MetSSS may be a useful tool to assess cardiometabolic disease risk in the multi-ethnic population of Aotearoa New Zealand, although ethnic-specific categories for disease risk may be needed.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jozaa Z. AlTamimi, Nora A. AlFaris, Naseem M. Alshwaiyat, Hana Alkhalidy, Nora M. AlKehayez, Malak A. Alsemari, Reham I. Alagal
Summary: The prevalence of fast-food intake was studied among a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results showed that a high percentage of participants consumed fast-food weekly and daily. Nationality and obesity were found to be predictors of fast-food intake, with significant differences observed among different ethnic groups.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bridget Murphy Hussain, Filippa Juul, Andrea L. Deierlein, Niyati Parekh
Summary: This commentary discusses the rise in ultra-processed food consumption among South Asians in the United States and proposes strategies for preventing overconsumption of these foods among South Asian Americans.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew P. DeFilippis, Patrick J. Trainor, George Thanassoulis, Lyndia C. Brumback, Wendy S. Post, Michael Y. Tsai, Sotirios Tsimikas
Summary: This study identified two new atherothrombotic factors that are significantly associated with incident ASCVD events, one representing thrombotic propensity and the other representing fibrinolytic propensity. These factors remained significantly associated with ASCVD events even after controlling for traditional risk factors.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mubarak Patel, Salim Abatcha, Olalekan Uthman
Summary: There are cardiovascular disease-related mortality inequalities between South Asian and White Caucasian ethnic groups. South Asians have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality compared to Whites, but a decreased risk of all-cause mortality.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Darren Mehay, Yuval Silberman, Amy C. Arnold
Summary: Obesity is a chronic state of energy imbalance that poses a major public health problem, leading to increased risk for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome. While the mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for obesity are not fully understood, activating central neurocircuits may be key in finding new anti-obesity drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kosuke Inoue, Tamara Horwich, Roshni Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Deena Goldwater, Teresa Seeman, Karol E. Watson
Summary: Higher levels of urinary stress hormones were associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension in this multiethnic population study. Urinary cortisol levels were also found to be associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular events. These findings suggest a potential important role of stress hormones in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Clare Whitton, Janelle D. Healy, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Charlene Shoneye, Amelia J. Harray, Barbara A. Mullan, Joanne A. McVeigh, Carol J. Boushey, Deborah A. Kerr
Summary: Improving dietary reporting among people living with obesity is challenging due to various factors that affect reporting accuracy. This study found that higher BMI and a greater need for social approval were associated with lower likelihood of reporting accurate dietary intake. In addition, reactive reporting during the measurement process should be taken into consideration.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Navin Michael, Varsha Gupta, Anna Fogel, Jonathan Huang, Li Chen, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Yi Ying Ong, Izzuddin M. Aris, Wei Wei Pang, Wen Lun Yuan, See Ling Loy, Mya Thway Tint, Kok Hian Tan, Jerry Ky Chan, Shiao-Yng Chan, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Fabian Yap, Keith Godfrey, Yap Seng Chong, Peter Gluckman, S. Sendhil Velan, Ciaran G. Forde, Yung Seng Lee, Johan G. Eriksson, Neerja Karnani
Summary: This study examined the determinants of obesogenic growth trajectories in childhood and their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers. The results showed that BMI acceleration starting immediately after birth or after infancy were both linked to early cardiometabolic alterations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ai Ting Goh, Jiali Yao, Xin Hui Chua, Clare Whitton, Rob M. van Dam, Ciaran G. Forde
Summary: This study explored the associations between oral processing behaviors, bolus characteristics, and salivary amylase activity with daily glucose excursions. The results showed that greater saliva uptake was associated with more time spent with glucose above the normal range, highlighting the importance of oral processing in glycemic control.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vlad Gradinariu, Jamy Ard, Rob M. van Dam
Summary: This long-term behavioural trial examined the impact of changes in diet quality, physical activity, and weight loss on improving insulin resistance and fasting glucose concentrations. The study found that behavioural lifestyle interventions can significantly improve glucose metabolism, regardless of whether individuals have prediabetes or not.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alissa A. A. Nolden, Ciaran G. Forde
Summary: There is growing interest in sustainable diets and plant-based alternative products as substitutes for animal products. However, concerns arise regarding the nutritional quality of plant-based alternatives compared to conventional animal products. This study reviews the literature on consumers' and healthcare professionals' perceptions of plant-based foods, compares the nutritional composition of plant-based alternatives to animal counterparts, and discusses the impact on overall diet quality and nutrient digestibility. The study also emphasizes the role of product development and research on the long-term health effects of plant-based diets.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ciaran G. Forde
NUTRITION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Xiang Cong Tham, Clare Whitton, Falk Mueller-Riemenschneider, Nicholas Alexander Petrunoff
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the use patterns of mobile food delivery apps (MFDAs) among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that frequent users of MFDAs were more likely to have unhealthy eating habits, emphasizing the need for interventions to promote healthy dietary patterns in this group. The study also highlighted the importance of public health policies in making healthy food options more affordable and accessible.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah Edney, Claire Marie Goh, Xin Hui Chua, Alicia Low, Janelle Chia, Daphne S. Koek, Karen Cheong, Rob van Dam, Chuen Seng Tan, Falk Mueller-Riemenschneider
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of study design features on Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) response rates. The results showed that using SMS text messages instead of emails for notifications increased the response rate over time. Changing the available rewards did not lead to a significant difference in the response rate, while increasing the schedule length significantly improved response rates.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Victoria A. Surette, Sarah Smith-Simpson, Lisa R. Fries, Ciaran G. Forde, Carolyn F. Ross
Summary: Parental behaviours influence food acceptance in young children, but few studies have measured these behaviours using observational methods, especially among children with Down syndrome (CWDS). This study aimed to understand parent feeding practices during snack time with young CWDS by developing a coding scheme and using behavioural coding to categorise and quantify parental feeding practices. The results showed that CWDS more frequently consumed the test foods and completed tasks in response to Autonomy-Supportive Prompts to Eat than to Coercive-Controlling Prompts to Eat.
MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yu-Jie Liu, Meng-Yuan Miao, Jia-Min Wang, Quan Tang, Wen-Wen Han, Yi-Ping Jia, Hao-Wei Tao, Yan Zheng, Rob M. van Dam, Li-Qiang Qin, Guo-Chong Chen
Summary: The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications is examined in this study. Moderate coffee consumption (2-4 cups/day) is associated with a lower risk of various cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have never smoked.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Su Hyun Park, Yu Qi Lee, Falk Mueller-Riemenschneider, Borame Sue Lee Dickens, Rob M. van Dam
Summary: Limited attention has been given to the role of cultural orientation towards different ethnic groups in multi-ethnic settings without a dominant host culture. In this study, we found that acculturation levels were associated with obesity and related lifestyle behaviors. Higher acculturation levels were associated with higher obesity prevalence among Chinese, inverse association among ethnic Indians, and no significant association among Malays. In Malays, greater acculturation was associated with higher dietary quality and less sedentary time. High acculturation levels were also associated with higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and more leisure-time physical activity across all ethnic groups.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jowy Yi Hoong Seah, Xueling Sim, Chin Meng Khoo, E. Shyong Tai, Rob M. van Dam
Summary: This study compared the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Chinese, Indian, and Malay ethnic groups and examined the biological factors that contribute to ethnic differences. The results showed that Malays and Indians had approximately twice the risk of T2D compared to Chinese. Higher BMI explained the higher risk for Malays, and factors such as BMI, waist circumference, inflammation, insulin resistance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contributed to the higher risk for Indians. However, part of the higher T2D risk associated with Indian ethnicity remained unexplained. Chinese participants had the lowest adiponectin levels despite their lower diabetes risk.
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Florence Sheen, Amanda JiaYing Lim, Ciaran G. Forde
Summary: The motivations behind the reduction of animal-based product intake among flexitarian consumers are diverse. Two studies found different subgroups of flexitarian consumers based on their motivations, such as health focus, trend awareness, and adventurousness. Despite these differences, meat consumption did not significantly vary among the subgroups.
FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rosario B. Jaime-Lara, Alexis T. Franks, Khushbu Agarwal, Nafisa Nawal, Amber B. Courville, Juen Guo, Shanna Yang, Brianna E. Brooks, Abhrarup Roy, Karen Taylor, Valerie L. Darcey, James D. Lecheminant, Stephanie Chung, Ciaran G. Forde, Kevin D. Hall, Paule Joseph
Summary: This study found that a 2-week consumption of ultra-processed food did not have a significant impact on sweet or salty taste sensitivity or preference. However, a positive correlation was observed between salt taste preference and systolic blood pressure, body weight, and BMI following consumption of the ultra-processed diet.