Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amira Bryll, Wirginia Krzysciak, Paulina Karcz, Maciej Pilecki, Natalia Smierciak, Marta Szwajca, Anna Skalniak, Tadeusz J. Popiela
Summary: Our study identified an objective molecular biomarker of schizophrenia outcome, based on biochemical indices in peripheral and cerebral tissues. Distinguishing two endophenotypes of schizophrenia, our research highlighted differences in life quality, symptoms, and neurotransmitter metabolites. The study suggests further investigation on the balance of microcircuits and redox systems for predicting potential biomarkers of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Ning Kong, Chen Gao, Fan Zhang, Meng Zhang, Juan Yue, Kun Lv, Qi Zhang, Yihong Fan, Bin Lv, Yufeng Zang, Maosheng Xu
Summary: This study investigates the underlying mechanism of how the course of Crohn's disease (CD) is exacerbated by examining abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using neuroimaging techniques. The study found higher levels of abnormal spontaneous activity and metabolic levels in the ACC in CD patients during the active phase, which were correlated with more severe abdominal pain and worse mood state.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Michael Hensley, Maria Salsone
Summary: This review explores the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and proposes a new neurodegenerative model called OSA-AD neurodegeneration to decode the causal links between these two chronic conditions. Using neuroimaging and neuropathological investigations, the study highlights potential vulnerable brain regions and networks in OSA for the development of AD neuropathology.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen Savage, Jerome Sarris, Matthew Hughes, Chad A. Bousman, Susan Rossell, Andrew Scholey, Con Stough, Chao Suo
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Kava on central GABA levels in participants with GAD. The results showed that compared to the placebo group, the Kava group had a significant reduction in dACC GABA levels after eight weeks. The study also found a positive correlation between baseline anxiety scores and GABA levels. These findings suggest that dACC GABA levels could serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment response in GAD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jincheng He, Dongcui Wang, Meiting Ban, Lingyu Kong, Qian Xiao, Fulai Yuan, Xueling Zhu
Summary: This study found regional metabolic heterogeneity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in first-episode, treatment-naive individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD exhibited higher levels of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in the pregenual ACC (pACC) and higher levels of myo-inositol (MI) in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). In addition, the metabolite concentration gradients of Glu, Gln, and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) were more pronounced in MDD patients. These findings provide new evidence for abnormal neuro-metabolites in the ACC in MDD and suggest differential roles of pACC and aMCC in the disorder.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
J-W Thielen, B. W. Mueller, D- Chang, A. Krug, S. Mehl, A. Rapp, H. Walter, G. Winterer, K. Vogeley, S. Klingberg, M. Wagner, T. Kircher
Summary: In this study, the cortical thickness of different subregions of the cingulate gyrus was assessed in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The findings suggest that the cortical thickness in the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus is increased and related to illness duration, while cortical thickness in the anterior parts is decreased and unrelated to illness duration. Memory performance is only related to cortical thickness in the anterior parts of the cingulate gyrus.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Tiffany C. Ho, Giana I. Teresi, Jillian R. Segarra, Amar Ojha, Johanna C. Walker, Meng Gu, Daniel M. Spielman, Matthew D. Sacchet, Fei Jiang, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Holden Maecker, Ian H. Gotlib
Summary: This study found that peripheral inflammation in adolescents with depression can affect glutamate levels in the brain, and antioxidants like ascorbate may help mitigate the impact of inflammation on glutamate metabolism. The results underscore the importance of considering both immune and neural factors in studying depression, and highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory compounds in alleviating the adverse effects of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaodan Lu, Shunkai Lai, Aimin Luo, Xiaosi Huang, Ying Wang, Yiliang Zhang, Jiali He, Guanmao Chen, Shuming Zhong, Yanbin Jia
Summary: This study aimed to compare cognitive function indices among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia symptoms (IS), MDD without IS, and healthy controls (HCs) to examine the effects of IS in MDD patients. Results showed that IS and NIS groups scored significantly lower in seven cognitive domains compared to HCs. The IS group also exhibited lower speed of processing and lower Cho/Cr ratio in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the Cho/Cr ratio in the left ACC was positively correlated with the composite T-score in the IS group. Therefore, MDD patients with comorbid IS may experience more common cognitive impairments, particularly in speed of processing, and dysfunction of the ACC may contribute to cognitive impairment in MDD with IS.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianyun Chen, Jill Abrigo, Wanting Liu, Elyia Yixun Han, David Ka Wai Yeung, Lin Shi, Lisa Wing Chi Au, Min Deng, Sirong Chen, Eric Yim Lung Leung, Chi Lai Ho, Vincent Chung Tong Mok, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
Summary: This study aimed to determine the proton MR spectroscopic patterns of the posterior cingulate in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The findings showed that early AD patients had lower N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) levels compared to controls, while late AD patients had lower NAA/Cr and higher myoInositol (mI)/Cr levels. Lower NAA/Cr levels were associated with a greater global amyloid and tau load and allowed for the differentiation of AD patients from controls.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gavin J. B. Elias, Jurgen Germann, Alexandre Boutet, Aaron Loh, Bryan Li, Aditya Pancholi, Michelle E. Beyn, Asma Naheed, Nicole Bennett, Jessica Pinto, Venkat Bhat, Peter Giacobbe, D. Blake Woodside, Sidney H. Kennedy, Andres M. Lozano
Summary: Using 3T functional MRI, researchers found that subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation can alter activity in brain regions associated with mood, and these changes are correlated with immediate mood fluctuations and long-term antidepressant outcomes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Huiquan Wang, Tianzi Feng, Zhe Zhao, Xue Bai, Guang Han, Jinhai Wang, Zongrui Dai, Rong Wang, Weibiao Zhao, Fuxin Ren, Fei Gao
Summary: The proposed modeling method based on combining brain structural data with metabolite levels can improve the diagnosis and classification of Alzheimer's disease. The study showed that GABA+ levels in the parietal region significantly improved the model performance in AD classification.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Joshua T. Kantrowitz, Zhengchao Dong, Matthew S. Milak, Rain Rashid, Lawrence S. Kegeles, Daniel C. Javitt, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, J. John Mann
Summary: The study found that levels of Glx and Glu are elevated in MDD patients, while GABA levels are lower. Higher Glx levels are associated with more severe depression and lower GABA levels. The severity and diagnosis of MDD are both linked to higher Glx levels in the vmPFC/ACC.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Niels T. de Joode, Anders L. Thorsen, Eline L. Vester, Chris Vriend, Petra J. W. Pouwels, Kristen Hagen, Olga T. Ousdal, Bjarne Hansen, Gerd Kvale, Odile A. van den Heuvel
Summary: The study found no abnormalities in neurometabolites in the dACC of OCD patients before treatment or over time, and the changes induced by ERP treatment seem to depend more on comorbid mood disorders and disease stage rather than OCD itself.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Petr Bednarik, Benjamin Spurny, Leo R. Silberbauer, Alena Svatkova, Patricia A. Handschuh, Birgit Reiter, Melisande E. Konadu, Thomas Stimpfl, Marie Spies, Wolfgang Bogner, Rupert Lanzenberger
Summary: This study utilized state-of-the-art H-1-MRS methodology to assess the effects of ketamine on neurochemicals in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). While no delayed glutamatergic responses to ketamine were detected in PCC within 3 hours, the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between ketamine's antidepressant effect and disturbed connectivity patterns in this brain region.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aisling M. Chaney, Francisco R. Lopez-Picon, Sophie Serriere, Rui Wang, Daniela Bochicchio, Samuel D. Webb, Matthias Vandesquille, Michael K. Harte, Christina Georgiadou, Catherine Lawrence, Julie Busson, Johnny Vercouillie, Clovis Tauber, Frederic Buron, Sylvain Routier, Tristan Reekie, Anniina Snellman, Michael Kassiou, Johanna Rokka, Karen E. Davies, Juha O. Rinne, Dervis A. Salih, Frances A. Edwards, Llwyd D. Orton, Stephen R. Williams, Sylvie Chalon, Herve Boutin
Summary: The TgF344-AD rat model shows improved AD pathology modeling, including neuronal loss and Tau accumulation, with alterations in neuroinflammation and cholinergic receptors observed in vivo. This model can be useful for assessing early neurotransmission dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD longitudinally, showing a potential for PET detection of Tau pathology.
