期刊
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
卷 98, 期 3, 页码 707-722出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14615
关键词
Atlantic cod; Belt Sea; diet composition; feeding ecology; stomach content analysis; western Baltic cod
资金
- BONUS (Art 185)
- Academy of Finland
- Projekttrager Julich Germany
- State Education Development Agency of Latvia
- National Centre for Research and Development Poland
- Swedish Research Council Formas [03F0772A]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [01LC17058]
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Swedish Research Council Formas
- National Centre for Research and Development
- State Education Development Agency
- European Parliament
- European Union
- European Maritime and Fisheries Fund
- EU
This study analyzed the diet composition of western Baltic cod based on stomach samples collected using different fishing methods. The study found that cod in shallow areas primarily feed on benthic invertebrates instead of forage fish. The results also showed that the food intake of cod in deeper areas is influenced by catch depth, season, fish length, and other factors.
This study presents the diet composition of western Baltic cod Gadus morhua based on 3150 stomachs sampled year-round between 2016 and 2017 using angling, gillnetting and bottom trawling, which enhanced the spatio-temporal coverage of cod habitats. Cod diet composition in shallow areas (<20 m depth) was dominated by benthic invertebrate species, mainly the common shore crab Carcinus maneas. Compared to historic diet data from the 1960s and 1980s (limited to depth >20 m), the contribution of herring Clupea harengus decreased and round goby Neogobius melanostomus occurred as a new prey species. Statistical modelling revealed significant relationships between diet composition, catch depth, fish length and season. Generalized additive modelling identified a negative relationship between catch depth and stomach content weight, suggesting reduced food intake in winter when cod use deeper areas for spawning and during peak summer when cod tend to avoid high water temperatures. The results of this study highlight the importance of shallow coastal areas as major feeding habitats of adult cod in the western Baltic Sea, which were previously unknown because samples were restricted to deeper trawlable areas. The results strongly suggest that historic stomach analyses overestimated the role of forage fish and underestimated the role of invertebrate prey. Eventually, this study shows the importance of a comprehensive habitat coverage for unbiased stomach sampling programmes to provide a more reliable estimation of top predator diet, a key information for food web analyses and multispecies models.
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