Cardiovascular drug delivery: A review on the recent advancements in nanocarrier based drug delivery with a brief emphasis on the novel use of magnetoliposomes and extracellular vesicles and ongoing clinical trial research

Cardiovascular diseases have become an ever-increasing threat to human life in today's world due to many different factors. Although many drugs with different mechanisms are available, they still have many drawbacks like poor water solubility, unwanted side effects, high metabolism and repeated dosing, to name a few. Liposomal systems being one of the most widely studied drug delivery carriers have seen some up-and-coming developments as of today and possess the ability to counter the above issues. With advancing technology in these modern times, the use of liposomes derived from cellular origins or modifying their structure has demonstrated some newer applications which could act as potential treatment options for cardiovascular diseases in the future. This review discusses the recent developments and advancements in the liposomes and other nanocarrier drug delivery to heart diseases with a special emphasis on the use of magnetoliposomes and extracellular vesicles. Their limitations, along with future prospects, have also been detailed. Moreover, latest updates on the clinical development of nano drug delivery for cardiac diseases is also provided.