Article
Environmental Sciences
Anusmriti Ghosh, Kabir Suara, Scott W. McCue, Yingying Yu, Tarmo Soomere, Richard J. Brown
Summary: Coastal and estuarine ecosystems are heavily influenced by floating debris pollution, with robust techniques like Lagrangian coherent structures used to predict debris accumulation hotspots. A comprehensive study in Moreton Bay, Australia, identified 11 debris accumulation hotspots, with material accumulation occurring mainly during ebb tide and enhanced by wind. These hotspots, situated near islands and headlands, match areas with high historical debris collection, providing a useful tool for effective clean-up management.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shijia Zhao, Wei Wu, Saurabhi Samant, Behram Khan, Ghassan S. Kassab, Yusuke Watanabe, Yoshinobu Murasato, Mohammadali Sharzehee, Janaki Makadia, Daniel Zolty, Anastasios Panagopoulos, Francesco Burzotta, Francesco Migliavacca, Thomas W. Johnson, Thierry Lefevre, Jens Flensted Lassen, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Deepak L. Bhatt, George Dangas, Claudio Chiastra, Goran Stankovic, Yves Louvard, Yiannis S. Chatzizisis
Summary: Patient-specific and lesion-specific computational simulation of bifurcation stenting is an effective approach for individualized pre-procedural planning and improving outcomes. The study demonstrated high agreement between computational stent simulation and clinical cases in terms of lumen diameter and stent size, suggesting the feasibility and accuracy of patient-specific computational stenting for coronary bifurcations. Future clinical studies are needed to further explore the potential of computational stenting simulations in guiding decision-making and enhancing clinical outcomes in cardiac catheterization labs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jack Tyler, Alexander Wittig
Summary: This paper introduces a novel method called DA-LCS for the numerical calculation of hyperbolic Lagrangian Coherent Structures using Differential Algebra, which improves the accuracy of structure identification and uncovers additional dynamic behavior.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
George Haller, Nikolas Aksamit, Alex P. Encinas-Bartos
Summary: In this study, measures of local material stretching and rotation are derived that can be computed from individual trajectories without relying on other trajectories or an underlying velocity field. These measures are quasi-objective, approximating objective coherence diagnostics in specific frames. The condition of trajectory accelerations dominating angular acceleration induced by mean vorticity is highlighted, and examples demonstrate how quasi-objective coherence diagnostics can reveal Lagrangian coherent structures even from sparse trajectory data.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Wei Wang, Shengli Cao, Nannan Dang, Jiazhong Zhang, Yoshihiro Deguchi
Summary: The study investigates the evolution of vortex structure and mass transport process during dynamic stall of a two-dimensional airfoil using Lagrangian coherent structures and Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation method. The results demonstrate the significant role of primary leading edge vortex in lift enhancement and the complex mass transport processes on the airfoil's suction surface during dynamic stall. The analysis based on LCSs and LAVD provides deeper insights into the dynamics of vortices in flow field and the dynamic mechanisms of dynamic stall.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Qiong Xia, Gaocong Li, Changming Dong
Summary: Mesoscale eddies play a significant role in the ocean's processes, influencing the transport of water, heat, and energy. Previous studies have mainly used Eulerian methods which fail to distinguish coherent transport induced by eddies from incoherent transport. This study successfully identifies coherent mesoscale eddies globally using a Lagrangian method and finds that the eddy-induced coherent mass transport is much smaller than previously estimated by Eulerian methods.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Annalisa De Leo, Francesco Enrile, Alessandro Stocchino
Summary: This study aims to identify coherent trajectory patterns caused by vortex shedding in tidal environments, and single and multiple harmonics tides are replicated on a large-scale physical model. The dynamics of large-scale macro-vortices and stable and unstable manifolds within the flow are investigated using the Lagrangian Average Vorticity Deviation (LAVD) and Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gerasimos Siasos, Vasiliki Tsigkou, Ahmet Umit Coskun, Evangelos Oikonomou, Marina Zaromitidou, Lilach O. Lerman, Amir Lerman, Peter H. Stone
Summary: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developed countries. Despite advances in cardiology, there are still unanswered questions about the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent findings suggest that local hemodynamic forces and endothelial dysfunction play important roles in plaque progression and the development of cardiovascular complications.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Aleksandar Badza, Trent W. Mattner, Sanjeeva Balasuriya
Summary: Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) are time-varying entities that capture the most influential transport features of a flow. This article systematically investigates whether LCS methods are self-consistent in their conclusions under the uncertainty of realistic Eulerian velocity data. The methods detecting full-dimensional coherent flow regions are found to be significantly more robust than those detecting lower-dimensional flow barriers.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2023)
Review
Oceanography
Dimitrios Antivachis, Vassilios Vervatis, Sarantis Sofianos
Summary: The dynamics of fluid flows lead to persistent circulation features known as lagrangian coherent structures, which strongly control the advection of water masses. Lagrangian approaches and metrics are better suited for locating and delineating such structures and capturing their effects on the formation and dispersion of water masses. In this study, ocean velocity fields are analyzed using the framework of lagrangian coherent structures to investigate their impact on the motion and mixing of water masses in the Mediterranean Sea.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Qi Lou, Zhengyan Li, Yanwei Zhang, Yilei Feng, Xueqing Zhang
Summary: The study utilized Lagrangian coherent structures to analyze the transport process of floating material and debris in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea during Typhoon Lekima in 2019. Results showed that this method could effectively explain the complex flow phenomena in the bay. It was found that during the typhoon, the general direction of floating material transport in Laizhou Bay was anticlockwise, with specific transport channels and obstacles identified.
JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Ma. Eugenia Allende-Arandia, Rodrigo Duran, Laura Sanvicente-Anorve, Christian M. M. Appendini
Summary: This study assesses the transport of suspended material by surface ocean currents, revealing pathways from the Equatorial Atlantic to different regions in the Caribbean Sea. Windage is a significant factor in determining particle clustering and travel time. Spatial patterns of Eulerian velocity and Lagrangian patterns can be reproduced and understood using dynamical systems and unsupervised neural networks. This study improves our understanding of transport mechanisms in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea, which is crucial for marine ecosystem management and conservation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Chayut Teeraratkul, Debanjan Mukherjee
Summary: This study develops a microstructure aware model for species transport within and around a macroscale thrombus, using a custom preconditioned fictitious domain formulation for thrombus-hemodynamics interactions. The research demonstrates the formation of coherent flow structures around the thrombus and characterizes species transport from bulk flow to the thrombus boundary.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhihao Qian, Moubin Liu, Lihua Wang, Chuanzeng Zhang
Summary: In this study, a novel and accurate numerical technique based on the Lagrangian-Eulerian Stabilized Collocation Method (LESCM) is proposed for computing Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLEs) in viscous incompressible flows. This technique surpasses the accuracy of pure Lagrangian particle methods and provides an accurate way of detecting complex Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) in flow fields. By harnessing the efficiency of LESCM, MATLAB can handle up to 16 million particles with ease, eliminating the need for parallel computation techniques.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Ahmed Darwish, Shahrzad Norouzi, Giuseppe Di Labbio, Lyes Kadem
Summary: Lagrangian coherent structures are used in cardiovascular flows to explore blood transport skeleton and quantifying it through finite time Euclidean arc length. The Lagrangian descriptors approach has the fastest computational performance and can reveal coherent structures with significantly reduced computational cost.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shoban Sayanthan, Matthew A. Allison, Matthew J. Budoff, Kerry-Anne Rye, Kwok Leung Ong
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between FGF21 and calcification at different vascular and valvular sites, and found that higher FGF21 levels were associated with the presence, incidence and progression of thoracic aortic calcification (DTAC), but not with calcification at other sites. Further research is needed to assess the potential of FGF21 as a biomarker for vascular calcification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hyung-Bok Park, Jina Lee, Yongtaek Hong, So Byungchang, Wonse Kim, Byoung K. Lee, Fay Y. Lin, Martin Hadamitzky, Yong-Jin Kim, Edoardo Conte, Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Matthew J. Budoff, Ilan Gottlieb, Eun Ju Chun, Filippo Cademartiri, Erica Maffei, Hugo Marques, Pedro de A. Goncalves, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Sanghoon Shin, Jung H. Choi, Renu Virmani, Habib Samady, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Peter H. Stone, Daniel S. Berman, Jagat Narula, Leslee J. Shaw, Jeroen J. Bax, James K. Min, Woong Kook, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Summary: This study used the Bayesian quantile regression model to analyze the relationship between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and different stages of coronary artery disease. The results showed that the lumen diameter stenosis of different heart vessels ranged from 41% to 50% and the maximum stenosis change ranged from 5.6% to 7.3%. The study found that angina was associated with a high quantile (90%) of stenosis in the left anterior descending artery, diabetes was associated with higher quantiles (75% and 90%) of stenosis in the left circumflex artery, and dyslipidemia was associated with the highest quantile (90%) of stenosis in the right coronary artery. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of the Bayesian quantile regression model in evaluating the comprehensive relationship between risk factors and baseline-grade coronary artery disease and its progression.
CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeff Moore, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Venkat Sanjay Manubolu, April Kinninger, George Stojan, Daniel W. Goldman, Michelle Petri, Matthew Budoff, George A. Karpouzas
Summary: This study compared the baseline and progression of coronary plaques in patients with SLE and RA. The results showed that SLE patients had a greater increase in plaque volume, which may explain their higher cardiovascular risk.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Samuel C. R. Sherratt, Peter Libby, Matthew J. Budoff, Deepak L. Bhatt, R. Preston Mason
Summary: This review examines the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs) on cardiovascular risk reduction. It has been found that high-purity EPA ethyl ester has significant benefits in reducing cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis progression compared to mixed EPA/DHA treatments. Mechanistic differences between n3-FAs, including membrane interactions, metabolic products, cholesterol efflux, antioxidant properties, and tissue distribution, have been explored.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harpreet S. Bhatia, Kang He Zheng, Parveen K. Garg, Weihua Guan, Seamus P. Whelton, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael Y. Tsai
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fay Y. Lin, Benjamin P. Goebel, Benjamin C. Lee, Yao Lu, Lohendran Baskaran, Yeonyee E. Yoon, Gabriel Thomas Maliakal, Umberto Gianni, A. Maxim Bax, Partho P. Sengupta, Piotr J. Slomka, Damini S. Dey, Alan Rozanski, Donghee Han, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D. Miedema, Khurram Nasir, John Rumberger, Seamus P. Whelton, Michael J. Blaha, Leslee J. Shaw
Summary: Machine learning models with explainable ML techniques were used to determine the impact of coronary artery calcium (CAC) characteristics on 10-year all-cause mortality. The study found that low CAC density, especially <=0.75, significantly increased mortality risk. The number of diseased vessels did not have a significant impact on mortality when considering CAC and CAC density together.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lohendran Baskaran, Jing Kai Lee, Michelle Shi Min Ko, Subhi J. Al'Aref, Yu Pei Neo, Jien Sze Ho, Weiting Huang, Yeonyee Elizabeth Yoon, Donghee Han, Rine Nakanishi, Swee Yaw Tan, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew J. Budoff, Leslee J. Shaw
Summary: This study compared the abilities of pooled cohort equations (PCE) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessment in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in an Asian population. Age, presence of CAC, and ln(Volume) were significantly associated with MACE in the overall subgroup, while age and PCE score were significantly associated with MACE in the CAC = 0 subgroup. No risk factors were associated with MACE in the CAC > 0 subgroup. The performance of PCE deteriorated in statin versus non-statin users, while the Agatston score performed consistently in both groups.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Meiyuzhen Qi, Imke Janssen, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Matthew Budoff, Maria M. Brooks, Arun S. Karlamangla, Carol A. Derby, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Kelly J. Shields, Samar R. El Khoudary
Summary: This study found that the quantity and quality of thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in middle age are related to cognitive performance in later years. Higher thoracic PVAT volume is associated with better future episodic memory, while higher thoracic PVAT radiodensity is related to poorer future working and episodic memories, particularly at higher thoracic PVAT volume.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ramzi Dudum, Zeina A. Dardari, David I. Feldman, Daniel S. Berman, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D. Miedema, Khurram Nasir, Alan Rozanski, John A. Rumberger, Leslee Shaw, Omar Dzaye, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Jaideep Patel, Michael J. Blaha
Summary: Coronary artery calcium is useful for assessing subclinical atherosclerosis and improving risk stratification. The dispersion of calcified vessels and CAC phenotype have different impacts on cause-specific mortality. This study demonstrated that increasing calcium dispersion, characterized by multiple vessel involvement and less dense calcification, is associated with higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
George A. Karpouzas, Bianca Papotti, Sarah R. Ormseth, Marcella Palumbo, Elizabeth Hernandez, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Matthew J. Budoff, Nicoletta Ronda
Summary: Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is associated with cardiovascular risk beyond HDL-cholesterol levels. Impaired ABCG1-CEC is found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study evaluated the associations of ABCG1-CEC with coronary atherosclerosis, plaque progression, and cardiovascular risk in RA.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jairo Aldana-Bitar, Ronald P. Karlsberg, Matthew J. Budoff
EXPERT REVIEW OF CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew J. Budoff, Khurram Nasir, Michael J. Blaha
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jairo Aldana-Bitar, Ronald P. Karlsberg, Matthew J. Budoff
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hae Seung Lee, Sang Hun Han, Ronald Swerdloff, Youngju Pak, Matthew Budoff, Christina Wang
Summary: This study found that testosterone treatment does not improve NAFLD in older hypogonadal men compared to placebo treatment. Further research is needed to confirm the effects of testosterone treatment on NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ayman Abdelkarim, Sion K. Roy, April Kinninger, Azadeh Salek, Olivia Baranski, Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Edoardo Conte, Rachael O'Rourke, Christian Hamilton-Craig, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: This study evaluates the image quality in patients with heart rates above or equal to 70 bpm using a 16 cm scanner compared to a CT scanner with only 4 cm of coverage. The results show that the 16 cm scanner has superior image quality in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise ratio compared to the 4 cm scanner.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
