Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chris Moran, Stephanie Than, Michele Callisaya, Richard Beare, Velandai Srikanth
Summary: As the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive dysfunction rises with age, clinicians are faced with managing older individuals with both conditions. The association between T2D and cognitive dysfunction has led to an increased interest in exploring the potential causal role of T2D in cognitive decline and dementia. Recent advancements in research methods allow for a better understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved in T2D-related cognitive dysfunction, guiding clinical recommendations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nai-Ching Chen, Chien-Liang Chen, Feng-Chih Shen
Summary: This study found that the drug regimen affects hypoglycemic episodes in older patients with dementia and T2DM. However, HbA1c levels are not correlated with hypoglycemic events. Patients with more comorbidities have an increased risk of hypoglycemia.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Y. Rabinowitz, R. Ravona-Springer, A. Heymann, E. Moshier, Y. Berman, J. Schwartz, M. Sano, D. Aisenberg, M. Schnaider-Beeri
Summary: Physical activity is associated with slower cognitive decline in old age. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. Little is known about the contribution of physical activity to cognitive health among the elderly with T2d.
JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Dolores Gomez-Guijarro, Celia Alvarez-Bueno, Alicia Saz-Lara, Irene Sequi-Dominguez, Maribel Luceron-Lucas-Torres, Ivan Cavero-Redondo
Summary: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the association between severe hypoglycemia and the incidence of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Seven studies were included, and the pooled risk ratio (RR) showed a 54% higher risk of dementia among people who experienced a hypoglycemic event compared to non-hypoglycemia. Health education for both newly diagnosed and already diagnosed individuals could be beneficial in terms of glycemic control and preventing hypoglycemic events.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanan Ehtewish, Abdelilah Arredouani, Omar El-Agnaf
Summary: The underlying mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes to cognitive dysfunction are still unclear, but may include factors such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for dementia in diabetes patients include aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Haitao Yu, Yang Gao, Ting He, Mengzhu Li, Yao Zhang, Jie Zheng, Bijun Jiang, Chongyang Chen, Dan Ke, Yanchao Liu, Jian-Zhi Wang
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed proteins in T2DM-MCI patients compared to T2DM-nMCI patients using proteomics analysis. These proteins were enriched in several biological processes and showed strong correlation with high-risk genes for Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the levels of some proteins were correlated with cognitive impairment score and machine learning data showed that certain proteins had the greatest power to identify mild cognitive decline in T2DM patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa, Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, which can negatively impact the cardiovascular system and mental health. Lifestyle modifications and physical exercise training are essential in preventing T2DM development and improving associated complications. Exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM patients, with the myokine irisin being a relevant mechanism of action.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chloe Verhagen, Jolien Janssen, Geert Jan Biessels, Odd Erik Johansen, Lieza G. Exalto
Summary: This study found that females with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline (ACD) compared to males. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between sex and ACD. However, even after considering vascular and diabetes-related factors, complications, and treatment, a significant portion of the higher risk in females remained unexplained. Further research is needed to understand the causes of sex-specific ACD in type 2 diabetes.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nabeel Kinattingal, Seema Mehdi, Krishna Undela, Shahid Ud Din Wani, Mansour Almuqbil, Sultan Alshehri, Faiyaz Shakeel, Mohammad T. Imam, Santhepete N. Manjula
Summary: The research aimed to study the prevalence of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus patients and emphasized the importance of early detection and treatment. The study examined diabetic and non-diabetic subjects using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool and found that diabetic patients had significantly lower cognitive scores. The study suggested a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in the local T2DM population in Mysuru, India, and recommended further research on cognitive function in diabetic patients across different regions and ethnic groups.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yanchao Liu, Shujuan Zhang, Benrong He, Liangkai Chen, Dan Ke, Shi Zhao, Yao Zhang, Wei Wei, Zhipeng Xu, Zihui Xu, Ying Yin, Wen Mo, Yanni Li, Yang Gao, Shihong Li, Weijin Wang, Huiling Yu, Dongqin Wu, Guilin Pi, Tao Jiang, Mingmin Deng, Rui Xiong, Huiyang Lei, Na Tian, Ting He, Fei Sun, Qiuzhi Zhou, Xin Wang, Jinwang Ye, Mengzhu Li, Nan Hu, Guoda Song, Wenju Peng, Chenghong Zheng, Huaqiu Zhang, Jian-Zhi Wang
Summary: Elevation of plasma A beta 1-42/A beta 1-40 is an independent risk factor of MCI in T2DM patients. Combining elevated A beta 1-42/A beta 1-40 with activated platelet GSK-3 beta, ApoE epsilon 4 genotype, olfactory decline, and aging increases the efficiency of MCI diagnosis in T2DM patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laili Soleimani, Ramit Ravona-Springer, Hung-Mo Lin, Xiaoyu Liu, Mary Sano, Anthony Heymann, Michal Schnaider Beeri
Summary: Depression is common in older adults with type 2 diabetes and is associated with cognitive decline. Apathy was found to be specifically linked to faster decline in executive function among older adults with type 2 diabetes, highlighting the diversity of depression as a clinical construct.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Noah Leibold, James R. Bain, Florin Despa
Summary: Type-2 diabetes is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and the conversion to dementia from mild cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms connecting the two remain unclear. Amylin, a hormone co-secreted with insulin, is implicated in both satiation regulation and the formation of amyloid in the pancreas. It also interacts with amyloid beta pathology in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting a potential role in neuronal metabolic remodeling.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robert French, Dylan Kneale, Justin T. Warner, Holly Robinson, James Rafferty, Adrian Sayers, Peter Taylor, John W. Gregory, Colin M. Dayan
Summary: There is no strong evidence to suggest a significant association between type 1 diabetes and educational outcomes. However, the level of blood glucose control (HbA(1c)) is related to academic achievements.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rohit Vashisht, Ayan Patel, Lisa Dahm, Cora Han, Kathryn E. Medders, Robert Mowers, Carrie L. Byington, Suneil K. Koliwad, Atul J. Butte
Summary: This study assessed the relative effectiveness and safety of four treatment options added to metformin monotherapy in diabetes using electronic health record data. The results showed that SGLT2I, DPP4I, and GLP1RA were effective in glycemic control compared to sulfonylurea. Additionally, patients treated with SGLT2I and DPP4I had fewer cardiovascular events, while those treated with GLP1RA and SGLT2I had a lower risk of developing chronic kidney disease and hypertension. These findings highlight the value of clinical data analytics in guiding treatment choices in diabetes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kun Xie, Laura Perna, Ben Schoettker, Matthias Kliegel, Hermann Brenner, Ute Mons
Summary: This study investigated the association between T2DM and cognitive function, revealing that T2DM patients performed worse in memory-related domains and showed a more significant decline in cognitive function. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify T2DM-related predictors of cognitive decline and their potential impact on the abilities of diabetes patients to perform self-management tasks.