Review
Energy & Fuels
Lili Huang, Lishuo Liu, Languang Lu, Xuning Feng, Xuebing Han, Weihan Li, Mingxuan Zhang, Desheng Li, Xiaobin Liu, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: This study comprehensively summarizes the inducement, detection, and prevention of internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium-ion batteries, including analyzing ISC triggers through a fault tree, summarizing substitute triggering methods, discussing ISC severity, and reviewing ISC detection methods. The prevention strategies were also summarized to reduce ISC risk by blocking electron or lithium-ion channels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Lai, Changyong Jin, Wei Yi, Xuebing Han, Xuning Feng, Yuejiu Zheng, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: This comprehensive review investigates the mechanism and evolutionary process of internal short circuit (ISC) within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), covering types, inducing mechanisms, evolution stages, experimental methods, detection and diagnosis techniques, prevention methods, and future prospects. The study emphasizes the importance of improving safety in LIBs through advancements in modeling, simulation, detection, and prevention of ISC.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haozhe Yi, Meng Wang, Daniel J. Noelle, Yang Shi, Anh V. Le, Rui Kou, Dengguo Wu, Jiang Fan, Yu Qiao
Summary: The safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is crucial for large-scale energy storage systems, especially in electric vehicles where collision-induced internal short circuit can lead to thermal runaway. By scaling up the microstructured current collector technique from coin cells to pouch cells, surface patterns were rapidly generated on large current collector sheets through debossing. Impact tests confirmed the high effectiveness of the processed current collectors in mitigating thermal runaway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng, Lishuo Liu, Hungjen Hsu, Languang Lu, Li Wang, Xiangming He, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: Thermal runaway, a critical issue in the application of lithium-ion batteries, is a thermalelectrical coupled process where exothermic chemical reactions and internal short circuit coincide. This study investigates the relationship between internal short circuit and thermal runaway under thermal abuse conditions, finding the limited contribution of internal short circuit to thermal runaway. The results provide new insights into battery thermal runaway mechanism and safety design.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lishuo Liu, Xuning Feng, Christiane Rahe, Weihan Li, Languang Lu, Xiangming He, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal-electrical coupled behaviors of internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium-ion batteries, providing insights into failure mechanisms and guidance for the development of ISC models and detection algorithms. Different types of ISC exhibit varying thermal-electrical behaviors at different states-of-charge, with the expansion effect of the failure area playing a crucial role in the further evolution of thermal runaway.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Honggang Li, Dian Zhou, Meihe Zhang, Binghe Liu, Chao Zhang
Summary: This study clarifies the bridging process from short circuit to thermal runaway for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in complex mechanical abuse environment using a three-dimensional two-way coupled mechanical-electrochemical-thermal model. The triggering mechanisms from internal short circuit to thermal runaway and the detailed exothermic reaction are revealed through model predictions. The research results and the developed modeling method provide a robust tool for the mechanical abuse-safe design and evaluation of LIBs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lubing Wang, Jianping Li, Jiaying Chen, Xudong Duan, Binqi Li, Jiani Li
Summary: In this study, a coupled multi-physics model is established to describe the mechanical, electrical, and thermal response of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under dynamic loading. Four internal short circuit (ISC) modes are revealed through disassembling the LIBs after dynamic loading, and a strain-based ISC criterion is proposed. The mechanical-electrical-thermal behavior of LIBs in quasi-static and dynamic loading is compared and analyzed. The triggering impact energy of four ISC modes for LIBs with different SOCs is concluded.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenjun Fan, Dongdong Qiao, Xin Lai, Yuejiu Zheng, Xuezhe Wei, Haifeng Dai
Summary: Internal short circuit (ISC) is a major cause of battery thermal runaway in EVs, posing serious safety hazards. However, accurately diagnosing ISC in the early stage is challenging due to limited electrothermal characteristics. Existing diagnostic methods often ignore battery consistency. Therefore, a novel quantitative ISC diagnosis method is proposed, which analyzes the variation of charging electric quantity in a fixed voltage window before and after ISC occurrence. This method successfully applies to both laboratory constant-current and real vehicle step-current charging conditions, ensuring accuracy within 6%.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dongdong Qiao, Xueyuan Wang, Xin Lai, Yuejiu Zheng, Xuezhe Wei, Haifeng Dai
Summary: A novel internal short circuit (ISC) diagnosis method based on incremental capacity (IC) curves is proposed in this study. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified through experiments in a real electric vehicle working environment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhuchen Yuan, Yue Pan, Huaibin Wang, Shuyu Wang, Yong Peng, Changyong Jin, Chengshan Xu, Xuning Feng, Kai Shen, Yuejiu Zheng, Zhendong Zhang, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: This paper investigates the validity of using digital twin technique to generate battery failure data for training online early warning algorithms. The authors build a reliable thermal-electrical coupled battery model to form the digital twin and discuss influential factors on the performance of the early warning algorithm. They also discover a temperature difference between the failure point and the measurement location, which hinders timely fault detection and alarm. Additionally, the paper provides guidance on developing fault diagnosis algorithms with the help of digital twin.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenfei Zhang, Nawei Lyu, Yang Jin
Summary: In this paper, an algorithm based on loop current detection is proposed to detect internal short circuit of Li-ion batteries, enabling real-time sensing of internal short circuit in a multi-series 2-parallel battery module. The method only requires voltage detection at both ends of the diagnostic resistor, minimizing detection points and additional wiring. Experimental results show that the method is effective in timely detecting internal short circuits in parallel lithium-ion battery packs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xudong Duan, Huacui Wang, Yikai Jai, Lubing Wang, Binghe Liu, Jun Xu
Summary: This study reveals the formation process of various internal short circuit modes in lithium-ion batteries upon abusive loading and establishes a multiphysics-coupled model to describe the evolution process of the battery, highlighting the underlying mechanism of safety issues.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Youzhi Song, Xiang Liu, Dongsheng Ren, Hongmei Liang, Li Wang, Qiao Hu, Hao Cui, Hong Xu, Jianlong Wang, Chen Zhao, Xiaobing Zuo, Gui-Liang Xu, Khalil Amine, Xiangming He
Summary: A nanoporous non-shrinkage separator (GS-PI) was fabricated to address the thermal runaway issue in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, preventing internal short circuits and inhibiting chemical crosstalk and associated exothermic reactions.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Yih-Shing Duh, Yujie Sun, Xin Lin, Jiaojiao Zheng, Mingchen Wang, Yongjing Wang, Xiaoying Lin, Xiaoyu Jiang, Zhigong Zheng, Shuo Zheng, Gending Yu
Summary: This review summarizes and characterizes the calorimetric results of commercial 18650 lithium-ion batteries under thermal runaway, ranking their hazard potential as LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 > LiCoO2 > LiNixMnyCozO2 > LiMn2O4 >> LiFePO4. The LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 battery displays the worst case scenario under thermal runaway, while LiFePO4 battery is showed to be relatively safer. The differential characteristics of thermal runaway among different batteries are discussed in detail, providing insight for future studies and designs of safer batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ruke Ni, Dejun Zhang, Ruiqi Wang, Zongfa Xie, Yanan Wang
Summary: With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the use of lithium-ion batteries has greatly increased. However, these batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway, resulting in fires and explosions that pose serious risks to electric vehicles. Therefore, finding an effective method to prevent and suppress thermal runaway in batteries is crucial. This study proposes the use of a lithium-ion battery module with cylindrical cells and paraffin phase change material, which can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of the trigger cell and prevent thermal runaway propagation. The influences of thermal conductivity, latent heat, melting temperature, and thickness of the phase change material on heat generation and temperature during thermal runaway are analyzed, and design recommendations for phase change materials to protect lithium-ion batteries are provided.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jianhui Zhou, Guohao Du, Jianfeng Hu, Xin Lai, Shan Liu, Zhengguo Zhang
Summary: In this study, composite phase change materials (PCMs) were developed using freeze-drying and vacuum impregnation methods. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the heat storage material, boron nitride (BN) was used as a filler to improve thermal conductivity, and sodium alginate (SA) was used as a supporting material to maintain the shape stability of the composite. The results showed that the BN@SA/PEG composite PCMs exhibited good chemical compatibility, stable morphology, and thermal stability. This study provides a strategy for manufacturing flexible, long-serving, and shape-stable PCMs, which have great potential in thermal management in the electronic field.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaopeng Tang, Yuanqiang Zhou, Furong Gao, Xin Lai
Summary: This article proposes a low-computational leader-follower framework for estimating the state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) of battery packs. The framework uses an enhanced algorithm to handle a selected battery (leader) and updates the states of the other batteries (followers) with lightweight calibrators. Battery-in-the-loop experiments show that the proposed method can achieve accurate estimations with significantly reduced computational time.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Quanwei Chen, Yukun Hou, Xin Lai, Kai Shen, Huanghui Gu, Yiyu Wang, Yi Guo, Languang Lu, Xuebing Han, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: With the increasing usage of electric vehicles, the environmental recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries has become a pressing issue. A process-based life cycle model was established to assess the environmental impacts of different recycling routes and investigate the potential of battery remanufacturing. The results indicate that the environmental burden during recycling is mainly caused by high electricity consumption and auxiliary materials, and using recycled materials for battery remanufacturing can significantly reduce the carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Quanwei Chen, Xin Lai, Yukun Hou, Huanghui Gu, Languang Lu, Xiang Liu, Dongsheng Ren, Yi Guo, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles is a meaningful way to alleviate the global resource crisis and supply chain risks. This study examines the environmental impacts of different advanced recycling technologies for NCM and LFP batteries. The results show that direct material recycling methods can significantly reduce the environmental burden compared to hydrometallurgy, and the environmental benefits of battery remanufacturing increase with the amount of materials obtained through recycling.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianfeng Hu, Sixing Zhang, Guohao Du, Xin Lai, Ye Wang, Jinqing Qu, Zhengguo Zhang
Summary: A novel composite phase change material (PCMs) was prepared by assembling boron nitride-chitosan (BNCA) porous structure with lyophilization and embedded sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT). The supercooling of samples was adjusted by adding disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD), and the melting enthalpy was adjusted by adding gum arabic powder (GA). The resulting BNCA/SDG composite PCMs showed great potential for application in electrical power systems due to their low supercooling and high thermal conductivity.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Fang Zhang, Tao Sun, Bowen Xu, Yuejiu Zheng, Xin Lai, Long Zhou
Summary: The label-less characteristics of real vehicle data pose great challenges for engineering modeling and capacity identification of lithium-ion batteries. The randomness and unpredictability of vehicle driving conditions, sampling frequency, and other factors in the raw data collected from driving cycles have adverse effects on effective modeling and capacity identification. Therefore, data cleaning and optimization are necessary, and the capacity of a battery pack is identified using the improved two-point method. By utilizing the charging and discharging data segments and a Fuzzy Kalman filter optimization capacity estimation curve, the current available capacity is obtained. This algorithm is integrated into a new energy big data cloud platform. The results demonstrate the successful application of the capacity identification algorithm in academic and engineering fields through charge and discharge mutual verification, meeting the engineering requirements for life expectancy.
Review
Electrochemistry
Long Zhou, Xin Lai, Bin Li, Yi Yao, Ming Yuan, Jiahui Weng, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the research status, technical challenges, and development trends of state estimation of lithium-ion batteries, which is a core function in the battery management system. It summarizes the key issues and technical challenges in battery state estimation and provides a deep analysis of these challenges. The paper also reviews the joint estimation methods for four typical battery states and proposes feasible estimation frameworks. Furthermore, it discusses the prospect of state estimation development and the influence of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud networking.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changyong Jin, Yuedong Sun, Yuejiu Zheng, Jian Yao, Yu Wang, Xin Lai, Chengshan Xu, Huaibin Wang, Fangshu Zhang, Huafeng Li, Jianfeng Hua, Xuning Feng, Minggao Ouyang
Summary: In this study, an in situ observation method for thermal runaway (TR) and its propagation (TRP) in lithium-ion battery electrodes was proposed using high-frequency induction heating as the TR triggering mechanism. The non-contact, rapid heating technique enabled direct observation of TRP. It was found that venting occurred in all samples and dendritic burn patterns appeared on separators during TRP. The heat-induced shrinkage of separators was more pronounced on the anode side. Phenomena observed during tests included gas flow paths, drifting sparks, short-circuit propagation, and electrolyte boiling. This method contributes to a better understanding of LIB TRP behavior and facilitates strategies to enhance safety and TR characteristics.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yunfeng Huang, Xin Lai, Dongsheng Ren, Xiangdong Kong, Xuebing Han, Languang Lu, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: A study on the electrochemical-thermal (ECT) coupling model for large-format lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is conducted to investigate the inhomogeneity of the batteries during charging and discharging. The model parameters are obtained through experiments and a novel method is proposed to solve the challenge of parameter calibration. The study quantitatively analyzes the temperature and stoichiometry coefficient inhomogeneity under different conditions. The results provide insights for the design and optimization of large-format LIBs.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Lai, Long Zhou, Zhiwei Zhu, Yuejiu Zheng, Tao Sun, Kai Shen
Summary: This study proposes a novel quantitative method to characterize the side reactions of lithium-ion batteries. The relationship among battery side reaction current, state-of-charge (SOC), and temperature is accurately measured and investigated. The battery Coulombic efficiency (CE) is determined under different ageing degrees, temperatures, and SOCs. A battery life model related to CE is proposed and verified. The study has the potential to predict the full-lifespan life of new batteries and provides a new idea for the ageing prediction of new batteries.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Quanwei Chen, Xin Lai, Junjie Chen, Yi Yao, Yi Guo, Mengjie Zhai, Xuebing Han, Languang Lu, Yuejiu Zheng
Summary: Although recycling retired lithium-ion batteries can help address global warming and the energy crisis, the environmental impacts of different recycling routes need further evaluation. This study quantifies and compares the environmental indicators of three hydrometallurgical recycling and remanufacturing routes in China, and assesses the potential of reducing environmental impacts through battery remanufacturing with recycled materials. The results show that different chemical reagents, energy consumption, and processes result in variations in environmental indicators, and battery manufacturing with recycled materials can significantly reduce environmental impacts compared to using raw materials.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xin Lai, Zheng Meng, Fangnan Zhang, Yong Peng, Weifeng Zhang, Lei Sun, Li Wang, Fei Gao, Jie Sheng, Shufa Su, Yuejiu Zheng, Xuning Feng
Summary: This study presents a new approach to mitigate the thermal runaway hazard in lithium-ion batteries by using poison agents. A self-destructive cell with an embedded poison layer was constructed and the poisoning mechanism and paths were experimentally investigated at different levels. The proposed route was validated through thermal runaway tests, showing a significantly reduced maximum temperature and improved battery safety.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenjun Fan, Dongdong Qiao, Xin Lai, Yuejiu Zheng, Xuezhe Wei, Haifeng Dai
Summary: Internal short circuit (ISC) is a major cause of battery thermal runaway in EVs, posing serious safety hazards. However, accurately diagnosing ISC in the early stage is challenging due to limited electrothermal characteristics. Existing diagnostic methods often ignore battery consistency. Therefore, a novel quantitative ISC diagnosis method is proposed, which analyzes the variation of charging electric quantity in a fixed voltage window before and after ISC occurrence. This method successfully applies to both laboratory constant-current and real vehicle step-current charging conditions, ensuring accuracy within 6%.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiding Hong, Chaokui Qin, Xin Lai, Zheng Meng, Haifeng Dai
Summary: In this study, an online capacity estimation and offline RUL prediction method based on an improved particle filter and recursive-least-square (PF-RLS) algorithm is proposed. The characteristic voltage (CV) is extracted from the discharge curve as a health feature, and the correlation model of CV-cycles capacity is established. The results showed that the improved PF-RLS algorithm has better prediction accuracy and stability than the standard PF algorithm, with an SOH estimation error within 3% and an RUL prediction error within 5% during battery aging.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kai Shen, Jin Dai, Yuejiu Zheng, Chengshan Xu, Rongbiao Zhang, Huaibin Wang, Changyong Jin, Xuebing Han, Xin Lai, Xinzhe Qian, Xuning Feng
Summary: The safe fast-charging of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for the rapid development of electric vehicles. This paper proposes a new charging method that balances lithium plating prevention and maximum temperature control, saving charging time and ensuring battery safety.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2023)
