Editorial Material
Immunology
Nicholas N. Jarjour, David Masopust, Stephen C. Jameson
Summary: This primer discusses the fundamental features of T cell memory and their potential relevance for effective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, as the focus shifts towards establishing natural and vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Alice R. Burton, Mala K. Maini
Summary: Humoral immunity plays a critical role in resolving viral infections and providing protection, with factors shaping memory B cell responses allowing tailored development of efficient preventative vaccines. Lessons can be learned from different viral infections, including hepatitis B, regarding the diverse influences on humoral immunity.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michael Gurevich, Rina Zilkha-Falb, Polina Sonis, David Magalashvili, Shay Menascu, Shlomo Flechter, Mark Dolev, Mathilda Mandel, Anat Achiron
Summary: This study demonstrates the durability of adaptive cellular immunity for at least 7 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting long-lasting protection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matthew Zirui Tay, Angeline Rouers, Siew-Wai Fong, Yun Shan Goh, Yi-Hao Chan, Zi Wei Chang, Weili Xu, Chee Wah Tan, Wan Ni Chia, Anthony Torres-Ruesta, Siti Naqiah Amrun, Yuling Huang, Pei Xiang Hor, Chiew Yee Loh, Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo, Bei Wang, Eve Zi Xian Ngoh, Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Alicia Jieling Lim, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Lin-Fa Wang, Raymond Valentine Tzer Pin Lin, Cheng- Wang, Seow-Yen Tan, Barnaby Edward Young, Yee-Sin Leo, David C. Lye, Laurent Renia, Lisa F. P. Ng
Summary: The study found that the Delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect vaccinated individuals. Vaccine breakthrough cases showed lower memory B cell frequencies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, but antibodies secreted by memory B cells retained neutralizing properties against the Delta variant. Inflammatory cytokines were lower in vaccine breakthrough infections compared to primary infections, highlighting the importance of vaccination in preventing inflammation.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shiru Chen, Fei Guan, Fabio Candotti, Kamel Benlagha, Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara, Andres A. Herrada, Louisa K. James, Jiahui Lei, Heather Miller, Masato Kubo, Qin Ning, Chaohong Liu
Summary: This review summarizes the importance of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses, as well as their role in vaccination. It provides insights for medical workers and researchers on the interaction between B cells and the virus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shingai Machingaidze, Charles Shey Wiysonge
Summary: The new study reveals the complexities of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.
Article
Immunology
Marios Koutsakos, Ali H. Ellebedy
Summary: Immunological imprinting refers to the effects of previous exposures on subsequent immune responses and protection against related viruses. In this article, Koutsakos and Ellebedy explain the concepts and principles behind imprinting and discuss its potential role in COVID-19 vaccines.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ilka Wahl, Hedda Wardemann
Summary: Immune memory develops during primary infections to protect from future exposures to the same pathogen. Vaccines can induce immune memory, providing protection against severe disease and symptomatic infection. Sterilizing immunity prevents the establishment of infection and contributes to protection at both individual and population levels.
Article
Immunology
Chang Kyung Kang, Minji Kim, Jisu Hong, Gwanghun Kim, Soojin Lee, Euijin Chang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Nam Joong Kim, Ik Soo Kim, Jun-Young Seo, Daesub Song, Dong-Sup Lee, Hyun Mu Shin, Yong-Woo Kim, Chang-Han Lee, Wan Beom Park, Hang-Rae Kim, Myoung-don Oh
Summary: A year after COVID-19, immune responses varied among patients with asymptomatic, mild, and severe illness, with parameters such as phagocytic capacity of antibodies and memory B-cell responses strongly associated with disease severity. These findings could inform tailored vaccination strategies post-natural infection based on COVID-19 severity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Carlo Maria Rossi, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Stefania Merli, Antonio Di Sabatino
Summary: IgM memory B cells may play a protective role against COVID-19 and other coronaviruses in the acute phase of infection, but further research is needed. Early detection of impaired IgM memory B cell response in patients can improve care and prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rustom Antia, M. Elizabeth Halloran
Summary: The article discusses the basic concepts underlying the transition from an epidemic to an endemic state, as well as the implications of this transition for COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Edward M. Conway, Nigel Mackman, Ronald Q. Warren, Alisa S. Wolberg, Laurent O. Mosnier, Robert A. Campbell, Lisa E. Gralinski, Matthew T. Rondina, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Karin M. Hoffmeister, John H. Griffin, Diane Nugent, Kyung Moon, James H. Morrissey
Summary: In this article, the authors discuss the emerging understanding of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and the need to comprehend its cellular and molecular mechanisms. They categorize the current understanding into three main pathological mechanisms and address key questions and research gaps in order to improve diagnosis and treatment. The suitability of animal models for studying this condition is also considered.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bahire Kalfaoglu, Jose Almeida-Santos, Chanidapa Adele Tye, Yorifumi Satou, Masahiro Ono
Summary: Research indicates that T-cells play crucial roles in the immunity to COVID-19, with dysregulation noted in severe cases. The impairment of FOXP3 induction in CD4(+) T-cells may lead to abnormal T-cell responses, while hyperactivated T-cells could potentially contribute to dysregulation and tissue destruction in severe COVID-19 patients.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anuradha Rajamanickam, Nathella Pavan Kumar, P. Arul Nancy, Nandhini Selvaraj, Saravanan Munisankar, Rachel Mariam Renji, V. Vijayalakshmi, Manoj Murhekar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, C. P. Girish Kumar, Tarun Bhatnagar, Manickam Ponnaiah, R. Sabarinathan, V. Saravana Kumar, Subash Babu
Summary: The study revealed that antibody levels and B-cell subset frequencies undergo dynamic changes in individuals with COVID-19, with a plateau observed after 61-90 days post-infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 showed different B-cell subset profiles compared to those with mild COVID-19, suggesting potential differences in immune response and persistence of humoral immunity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Priya Nayak, Kavitha Mukund, Shankar Subramaniam
Summary: This study analyzed scRNAseq datasets from dengue and COVID-19 patients to investigate the mechanisms underlying the expansion of proliferative plasmablasts. The results showed that pediatric dengue patients and adult COVID-19 patients exhibited distinct proliferative plasmablast populations. The analysis further revealed differences in cell sensing, activation, and inflammation between groups with and without proliferative plasmablasts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Marcus James Robinson, Isaak Quast, David Mathew Tarlinton
Summary: B cells reprogram complement to enhance germinal center responses. However, when B cell C3 activity is restricted, germinal centers collapse leading to impaired outputs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dimitra Zotos, Isaak Quast, Connie S. N. Li-Wai-Suen, Craig I. McKenzie, Marcus J. Robinson, Andrey Kan, Gordon K. Smyth, Philip D. Hodgkin, David M. Tarlinton
Summary: IL-21 plays a crucial role in promoting cell cycle progression within the germinal centre (GC) light zone, facilitating release from the G1 cell cycle stage. This cytokine is essential for establishing normal zone representation and preventing cell accumulation in the G1 cell cycle stage in the GC LZ, highlighting its importance in antibody affinity maturation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra R. Dvorscek, Craig McKenzie, Marcus J. Robinson, Zhoujie Ding, Catherine Pitt, Kristy O'Donnell, Dimitra Zotos, Robert Brink, David M. Tarlinton, Isaak Quast
Summary: IL-21 acts as a key regulator in the initial B cell response, accelerating cell cycle progression and fueling cyclic re-entry of B cells, thereby promoting plasma cell differentiation.
Article
Immunology
Isaak Quast, Alexandra R. Dvorscek, Celine Pattaroni, Thiago M. Steiner, Craig I. McKenzie, Catherine Pitt, Kristy O'Donnell, Zhoujie Ding, Danika L. Hill, Robert Brink, Marcus J. Robinson, Dimitra Zotos, David M. Tarlinton
Summary: Germinal centers (GCs) are transient structures within B cell follicles that require coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a cytokine derived from T cells, plays a key role in GC biology through its independent actions on T and B cells. IL-21 promotes the expansion and differentiation of CD4(+) T cells and specifically impacts B cell centroblast identity and plasma cell differentiation within the GC. IL-21's activity is not solely dependent on T-B interactions but also on its own growth-promoting effects.
Article
Cell Biology
Zhoujie Ding, Isaak Quast, Feng Yan, Yang Liao, Catherine Pitt, Kristy O-Donnell, Marcus J. Robinson, Wei Shi, Axel Kallies, Dimitra Zotos, David M. Tarlinton
Summary: Aberrant expression of BCL6 drives tumorigenesis in DLBCL. CD4 T cells contribute to immune surveillance and control lymphoproliferative disease in lymphoma-prone mice, with CD137L signaling playing a key role.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Isaak Quast, David Tarlinton
Summary: A new study reveals a novel protein immunization strategy that enhances the durability of germinal centers and improves immunological outcomes by delivering the protein slowly over a 12-day period.
Article
Immunology
Adam K. Wade-Vallance, Zhiyong Yang, Jeremy B. Libang, Marcus J. Robinson, David M. Tarlinton, Christopher D. C. Allen
Summary: Wade-Vallance et al. demonstrate that the binding of antigen or antibody to the B cell receptor triggers apoptosis in IgE plasma cells. This mechanism is relevant to allergic disease and its treatment through endogenous IgE regulation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Zhoujie Ding, David Tarlinton
Summary: BALT, formed in the lung during infancy and declining over childhood, plays a role in localized immune reactions against airway infections, including the production of germinal center-like B cells specific for respiratory pathogens.
Article
Immunology
Marcus James Robinson, Mark R. Dowling, Catherine Pitt, Kristy O'Donnell, Rosela H. Webster, Danika L. Hill, Zhoujie Ding, Alexandra R. Dvorscek, Erica J. Brodie, Philip D. Hodgkin, Isaak Quast, David Mathew Tarlinton
Summary: A study using a genetic timestamping system in mice reveals that persistent plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow at a constant rate after immunization. Affinity-based selection is observed in these persisting plasma cells, indicating that modulating the duration of the germinal center reaction can enhance antibody-mediated immunity.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
