Article
Environmental Sciences
Shanshan Zhao, Biao Xie, Ziwei Liu, Jirui An
Summary: This study explores the potential of using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for radar electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCMs) and proposes a deception jamming method for a virtual multi-radar system. By optimizing the location and employing data fusion, the survivability of radar systems in complex electromagnetic environments is enhanced.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Simon Watts
Summary: Moonshine was a British airborne pulse repeater decoy jammer used in 1942 to counter German air defense radars. It was later developed for ship use to spoof airborne maritime surveillance radars during the 1944 allied invasion of Europe. The article describes the development history, operating principles, and hardware design of this system.
IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Frans-Paul Pieterse, Warren P. du Plessis
Summary: This study describes the implementation and testing of a retrodirective cross-eye jammer, confirming its interference effect on angle radars. The results show that the cross-eye jammer can generate an indicated angle that never becomes zero, potentially breaking the tracking lock.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Anurag Gupta, Vikram Krishnamurthy
Summary: This article investigates the electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCMs) between a radar and a jammer, formulating it as a principal-agent problem (PAP). The radar seeks to optimize its ECCM strategy by balancing the signal-to-noise ratio and measurement cost. The study shows that with appropriate utility functions, the PAP is a convex optimization problem, and the optimal solution is an increasing function of the jamming power.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ahmet Gungor Pakfiliz
Summary: Increasing jamming effectiveness is crucial in self-protection electronic warfare systems. Changing RCS appears to be a suitable method to enhance jamming efficiency.
COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Michal Kniola, Tomasz Rogala, Zenon Szczepaniak
Summary: Passive Coherent Location methods and techniques have a significant presence in modern radar systems, being inexpensive and undetectable for other sensors. The need for countermeasures against such passive radars leads to the proposed method of detecting and localizing hidden PCL systems, utilizing certain physical features of an RF receiver. Hardware measurements are presented as proof of concept, followed by a detailed discussion on implementing the method in real-world scenarios.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Huaixi Xing, Qinghua Xing, Kun Wang
Summary: This paper focuses on a decision-making framework of radar anti-jamming countermeasures by analyzing the characteristics and implementation process of radar intelligent anti-jamming systems. It proposes a scheduling method for radar anti-jamming action based on the Partially Observable Markov Process (POMDP). The POMDP approach improves the adaptive anti-jamming capability of the radar and can quickly realize the anti-jamming decision to jammers.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lulu Wang, Yi Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the optimal strategies of a radar and a jammer in modern electronic warfare, modeling their conflict relationship as a non-cooperative game. The utility functions are formulated using the signal-to-jamming-plus-noise ratio (SJNR), which directly relates to target detection performance. The Stackelberg equilibria solutions and the existence of Nash equilibrium are derived, and the relationship between the mutual information utility function and the proposed SJNR utility function is investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategies, providing optimal waveform solutions for the radar and jammer in a confrontation scenario.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yaomin He, Tao Zhang, Huafeng He, Purui Zhang, Jian Yang
Summary: It is important to analyze anti-interference in order to improve radar's ability to detect and track targets under countermeasures. This paper proposes a Synchronous Method (SM) for the first time to suppress variable polarization interference, which includes the Golden Section Method for estimating interference polarization, the Cosine Symmetry Method for estimating target scattering matrix, and the Generalized Squint Projection Transformation for achieving coherent accumulation of target signals. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of SM and its potential engineering application.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xiangtuan Wang, Tianyao Huang, Yimin Liu
Summary: In this paper, a new jamming method RADJRS is proposed to counter against MSRS by randomly activating antenna elements with different probabilities, outperforming the traditional RASS method.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gaspare Galati, Gabriele Pavan, Kubilay Savci, Christoph Wasserzier
Summary: In defense applications, the main features of radars are Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) and Low Probability of Exploitation (LPE). Noise Radar Technology (NRT) could be an effective answer to the increasing demand for operational LPI/LPE radars. Information theory can provide useful guidance in the design of NRT waveforms.
Article
Mathematics
Huaixi Xing, Qinghua Xing, Kun Wang
Summary: This paper focuses on the resource allocation problem in supporting ground penetration with multiple jammers following an aircraft formation. It proposes a joint optimization allocation method based on the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm for multi-jammer beam-power. The study includes a multi-jammer cooperative suppression jamming model for air-to-ground many-to-many assault, a constant false alarm probability detection model for evaluating suppression effect, and a coordinated control model for jamming beams and emitting power. The IABC algorithm is used to find optimal allocation schemes for different combat scenarios, showing improved search efficiency and performance compared to other algorithms like GWO, SCA, BBO, and ABC.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gert Claassen, Warren Paul Du Plessis
Summary: Modern jamming systems need to counter multiple threat radars simultaneously, but coinciding jamming pulses pose a challenge in deciding which threats to jam. This article proposes and evaluates an approach to determine the relative priority of jamming pulses, showing that time-interleaved jamming is effective in countering multiple simultaneous threats.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wenhui Lang, Yaling Tang, Shengqun Mei, Fang Zhou, Xuezhi Yang
Summary: In this study, an anti-2D deceptive jamming method for multibaseline interferometric SAR is proposed to suppress high fidelity false targets. The method includes three steps: identification, classification, and suppression. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lu Lu, Meiguo Gao
Summary: ISRJ is increasingly used in ECM thanks to DRFM, making ECCM more difficult when the jamming signal is coherent with the emitted signal. The intermittent transmission feature of ISRJ leads to energy accumulation showing a 'ladder' characteristic on the matched filter, different from the continuous real target signal.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Liang Chen, Jun Liu, Weidong Chen, Bo Du
Summary: In this paper, we investigate the target detection problem for multi-pixel targets in hyperspectral imagery, when the target spectral signature is known. By jointly exploiting the pixels occupied by a target of interest, we propose a multi-pixel target detector resorting to the generalized likelihood ratio test criterion. Closed-form expressions for the probabilities of the false alarm and detection are derived, which are verified using Monte Carlo simulations. Experimental results on four real hyperspectral datasets show that the proposed detector outperforms its counterparts.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Siyu Sun, Jun Liu, Wei Li
Summary: With the development of hyperspectral imaging technology, a spatial invariant tensor self-representation (SITSR) hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithm is proposed in this article. It uses the tensor-tensor product to preserve the multidimension structure of hyperspectral images and achieve a comprehensive description of their global correlation. By integrating spectral and spatial information, the algorithm represents the background image of each band as the sum of the t-product of all bands and their corresponding coefficients. Extensive experiments show the superiority of SITSR compared to state-of-the-art anomaly detectors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gaetano Giunta, Luca Pallotta, Danilo Orlando
Summary: This article proposes a noncooperative target location method using multiple passive radar receivers to detect delayed replicas of the target's emitted signal and estimate time difference of arrival. The approach identifies failed sensors by analyzing errors in delay estimation and uses a statistical test to determine sensor failure. The performance of the failure detection architecture is evaluated through numerical simulations and compared with a heuristic method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Sudan Han, Pia Addabbo, Filippo Biondi, Carmine Clemente, Danilo Orlando, Giuseppe Ricci
Summary: This article discusses the challenge of identifying the polarimetric covariance matrix (PCM) structures in a polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. It introduces a general framework to detect and classify contextual spatial variations in polarimetric SAR images. The effectiveness of the proposed detection strategies is demonstrated on simulated and real polarimetric SAR data, compared with existing classification algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Sudan Han, Yuxuan Zhang, Chengpeng Hao, Jun Liu, Alfonso Farina, Danilo Orlando
Summary: In this article, innovative classification schemes are proposed to identify radar operating scenarios in terms of clutter properties. Decision rules based on penalized log-likelihood ratio test are designed by considering the sparsity of the observed scene. The performance analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed classifiers. Radar systems can benefit from these classification results to improve detection performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jian Xue, Mengling Sun, Jun Liu, Shuwen Xu, Meiyan Pan
Summary: This paper addresses the problem of robust and accurate estimation of shape parameters in the maritime radar industry. Outliers caused by non-sea-surface echoes greatly affect estimation accuracy. To improve performance, two neural networks, BPFFNN-eta and MBP-FFNN-eta, are proposed. BPFFNN-eta learns the mathematical relationship between shape parameters and a ratio of two percentiles, while MBP-FFNN-eta handles dynamic changes in the outlier count.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Jules Karangwa, Jun Liu, Zixuan Zeng
Summary: Nowadays, there is a growing presence of vehicles with high levels of automation. Efficient and accurate vehicle detection is crucial for the environment perception of autonomous vehicles. This comprehensive review evaluates various methods and datasets for vehicle detection in autonomous driving, covering over 300 research works. The review aims to assist researchers interested in autonomous driving, particularly in vehicle detection.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Shengyin Sun, Jun Liu, Siyu Sun
Summary: This paper examines the problem of detecting subpixel targets in hyperspectral images. An interaction subspace model is designed to improve the robustness by introducing second-order interaction terms to better describe the spectral variability. Based on this model, adaptive detectors are derived and experiments show that the proposed two-step detector exhibits the strongest robustness when the target spectrum is not very reliable.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Siyu Sun, Jun Liu, Xun Chen, Wei Li, Hongbin Li
Summary: This study proposes a tensor-based anomaly detection algorithm for hyperspectral images, which effectively preserves the spatial-spectral information of the original data. By separating the 3D HSI data into background and anomaly tensors, and utilizing techniques such as tensor nuclear norm and total variation regularization, accurate detection of anomalous pixels is achieved.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pia Addabbo, Nicomino Fiscante, Gaetano Giunta, Danilo Orlando, Giuseppe Ricci, Silvia Liberata Ullo
Summary: Hyperspectral target detection is a crucial task in remote sensing for locating and distinguishing target features. This paper addresses the issue of targets occupying a fraction of pixels due to low spatial resolution, leading to mixed spectra within the same pixel. By adopting a generalized replacement model and formulating the problem as a binary hypothesis test, the proposed detection architectures based on the generalized likelihood ratio test effectively estimate unknown parameters and demonstrate superior performance compared to other counterparts in both synthetic and real data.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Linjie Yan, Sudan Han, Chengpeng Hao, Danilo Orlando, Giuseppe Ricci
Summary: In this paper, a solution is proposed to the open problem of joint adaptive detection of multiple point-like targets in scenarios characterized by different clutter types. Detection architectures are devised to classify range bins and detect possible multiple targets with unknown positions and numbers. The proposed architectures enhance the entire detection and estimation performance of the system by making it aware of the surrounding environment.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Pia Addabbo, Mario Luca Bernardi, Filippo Biondi, Marta Cimitile, Carmine Clemente, Nicomino Fiscante, Gaetano Giunta, Danilo Orlando, Linjie Yan
Summary: One of the limitations of SAR imagery is the inability to obtain arbitrarily high spatial resolution. This limitation is not just due to sensor technology, but also the requirement of large transmitted bandwidth and long synthetic apertures that are impractical. To address this, a deep learning framework is proposed in this paper to enhance the spatial resolution of low-resolution SAR images while preserving complex image accuracy. Results from simulated and real SAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Haiyou Qu, Shiyuan Li, Chang Chen, Jun Liu, Weidong Chen
Summary: This paper discusses the potential of electromagnetic vortex waves in high-resolution radar imaging and addresses the issue of Bessel function modulation effect on imaging performance. A novel imaging algorithm based on joint low-rank and sparse constrained representation is proposed, and experimental results validate its effectiveness.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jian Xue, Hongen Li, Meiyan Pan, Jun Liu
Summary: This article addresses the detection problem of a moving point-like target in correlated non-Gaussian sea clutter. Two adaptive persymmetric coherent detectors are proposed to improve the detection performance in sample-starved environments. The detectors utilize the persymmetric structure to transform the original radar data and employ the two-step generalized likelihood ratio test for detection.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)