Functional characterization of soybean (Glycine max) DIRIGENT genes reveals an important role of GmDIR27 in the regulation of pod dehiscence

DIRIGENT (DIR) genes play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and have been studied in many plant species. However, information on DIR genes in soybean is limited. Here, we identified and characterized 54 GmDIRs and studied the characteristics of GmDIRs. Most of the GmDIRs contained a classical gene structure, one exon; 26 conserved motifs were found among these GmDIRs. The GmDIRs were grouped into four subfamilies, DIR-a, DIR-b, DIR-e and DIR-f, based on a phylogenetic analysis, and 24 duplicated gene pairs were identified. Differences in the cis-acting elements in the GmDIR promoter regions might result in distinct expression patterns of GmDIRs in different tissues. In addition, GmDIR27 had a close relationship with the pod dehiscence gene GmPdh1, and overexpression of GmDIR27 increased pod dehiscence by affecting several pod dehiscence-related gene expressions. Generally, our results provide essential information that aids future efforts to functionally characterize soybean GmDIR genes.

Automated summary

In this study, 54 GmDIR genes were identified and characterized in soybean, most of which contained a single exon gene structure and were grouped into four subfamilies. Differences in the cis-acting elements in the GmDIR promoter regions may lead to distinct expression patterns of GmDIRs in different tissues.