Occurrence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables for the Eastern Mediterranean Region and potential impact on public health

Fruits and vegetables represent both a considerable contribution to a healthy dietary pattern of the population and a source of income for countries exporting part of their production. Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have undergone rapid urbanization and changes in lifestyle and consumer demands. These changes have had a profound effect on food production and consumption. The demand is, in particular, driving farmers to apply pesticides to protect crops and increase yield. As a result, pesticide residues are often found in fruits and vegetables which can be harmful to humans when consumed. An assessment of the situation in the region is necessary to adequately assess the health burden that might arise from the widespread use of pesticides and to help decide which mitigation measures need to be taken. As a first step, a literature review of the published articles in the region regarding the use of pesticides in fruits and vegetables was done. We conclude that insecticides are often reported at levels above the Codex Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) leading to potential exceedance of the Health Based Guidance Values established by FAO and WHO. Moreover, several organochlorine pesticides listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been repeatedly reported in fruits and vegetables. A more accurate exposure assessment would be needed to quantify accurately the risk for population groups. Such an assessment would request both representative pesticide monitoring data and adequate food consumption surveys. Efforts should also be made by governments and international organizations to strengthen farmers' education regarding Good Agricultural Practices and integrated pesticide management.

Automated summary

Fruits and vegetables are crucial for a healthy diet and economic growth, but the excessive use of pesticides in the Eastern Mediterranean Region may lead to harmful effects on human health. It is important to monitor and assess pesticide residues in agricultural products, as well as provide education and awareness for farmers to promote sustainable practices.