期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 16, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994
关键词
Arctic; boreal forest; soil temperature; vegetation change; permafrost
资金
- Permafrost Carbon Network
- National Science Foundation [1417745, 1417700, 1417908, 1556772, 1637459, 1636476, 1503912, 1806213, 1833056]
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000292/1]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research [RGPIN-2016-04688]
- Council of Canada
- Canadian Graduate Scholarship
- Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: ClimateBasis
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
- Engineer Research and Development Center Army Direct (6.1) Research Program
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2110, 18-1170]
- United States Geological Survey
- Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) [JPMXD1300000000]
- ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]
- Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]
- Academy of Finland [315519]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016M1A5A1901769, KOPRI-PN20081]
- Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam
- Swiss National Science Foundation [140631]
- URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich
- University of Alberta Northern Research Awards
- Northern Scientific Training Program
- UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd)
- Imperial Oil, Ltd
- University of Alberta
- Earthwatch International (EI)
- Garfield Weston Foundation
- Wapusk National Park
- Churchill Northern Studies Centre
- NERC [NE/K00025X/1, NE/M016323/1, NE/K000292/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1556772, 1636476] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Integrative Activities
- Office Of The Director [1833056] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Soils are warming in the Arctic and Boreal region as temperature rises, with tall shrubs and trees expanding in the tundra. Ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees have warmer shallow soils compared to short-statured tundra vegetation, indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold season are critical for predicting soil warming. The expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming and increase potential for increased seasonal thaw depth, soil carbon cycling rates, carbon dioxide loss, and permafrost thaw.
Soils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.
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