Article
Engineering, Civil
Baochun Chen, Jialiang Zhou, Dong Zhang, Khaled Sennah, Camillo Nuti
Summary: This study investigates the shear performance of reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (R-UHPC) short beams and proposes a calculation method for their shear capacity. Test results demonstrate that the shear capacity of R-UHPC beams increases with the increase of steel fiber volume fraction, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup ratio, while it decreases with the increase of shear span-to-depth ratio. The current calculation methods underestimated the shear capacity of R-UHPC beams due to the neglecting of these significant parameters. A proposed method based on the modified compression field theory (MCFT) exhibits higher accuracy and less dispersion compared to the methods specified by current codes.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Adil R. Al-Alawi, M. A. Mashrei
Summary: This research investigates the use of macro-synthetic fibers as a sustainable alternative to traditional shear reinforcement in the development of sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete beams. The results show that the combination of macro-synthetic fibers and steel fibers can reduce the weight of steel fibers while maintaining excellent shear capacity, contributing to sustainable construction practices.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mostafa Abo El-Khier, George Morcous
Summary: In composite structures, the interface shear resistance between Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) and hardened conventional concrete (CC) is critical. This study presents experimental and analytical investigations to determine the friction and cohesion factors of the shear friction theory for UHPC cast on hardened CC. The results show that the interface surface texture, reinforcement ratio, and compressive strength of UHPC and CC, as well as the presence of fibers, have significant effects on the interface shear resistance.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Danielle Voytko, Paolo M. Calvi, John Stanton
Summary: Tests were conducted to determine the shear strength of a non-proprietary Ultra High-Performance Concrete mix, and the results showed that local sourcing had little effect on material properties, fiber content had a small effect on compression strength, and tension strength results had considerable scatter.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jiacheng Yang, Kai Yan, Jeung-Hwan Doh, Xin Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the under-fire performance of shear-dominant UHPC beams. It is found that the shear failure modes of beams exposed to fire are different from those observed at ambient temperatures. Additionally, the fire resistance increases significantly with the decrease of load ratio and shear span to effective depth ratio.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Meng Ye, Lifeng Li, Bida Pei, Doo-Yeol Yoo, Huihui Li
Summary: Externally prestressed ultra-high-performance concrete beams without stirrups are a competitive option in bridge engineering. Five specimens were tested to investigate the shear behavior, considering parameters such as shear span-to-depth ratio, shear stirrups, and reinforcement ratio. The specimens exhibited diagonal tension or flexural failure, and their stiffness and shear strength decreased with increasing shear span-to-depth ratio. Stirrups enhanced shear resistance but resulted in a brittle shear failure mode. A higher reinforcement ratio promoted ductile shear failure. The shear-cracking strength was found to be a significant factor in design, and equations for predicting shear strength were proposed and validated.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sung-Gul Hong, Woo-Young Lim
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of shear-dominant beams strengthened with 150 MPa ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) through experiments on thirteen full-scale test specimens. The test variables include the strengthening method, thickness of the UHPC jackets, and fiber volume fraction of the UHPC. The results showed that the UHPC jacketing technique significantly improved the load resistance, ductility, and stiffness of the shear-dominant beams.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Adil M. Jabbar, Mohammed J. Hamood, Dhiyaa H. Mohammed
Summary: Using basalt fibers in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) T-beam can delay the initiation of diagonal cracking, increase the cracking shear load, and enhance the ultimate shear capacity, while adding steel fibers leads to more ductile behavior. The shear span to effective depth ratio has a significant effect on the shear capacity and mid-span deflection of the beam.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sabry Fayed, Ahmed Badr El-din, Ali Basha, Walid Mansour
Summary: This study investigated the effect of using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) on the strength and ductility of pile cap beams through experimental testing. The results showed that using UHPC with side bar reinforcement significantly enhanced the shear strength and ductility of the beams.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaopeng Tan, Mingqiao Zhu, Wanli Liu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the filament winding angle of GFRP on the seismic behavior of GFRP tube UHPC composite columns. The use of GFRP tubes effectively enhances the seismic performance of UHPC columns. Finite element analysis and regression analysis are conducted to explore the effects of different design parameters and propose a shear capacity formula for GFRP tube UHPC composite columns.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Scott Muzenski, Zachary B. Haber, Benjamin Graybeal
Summary: Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is increasingly considered as a construction material, but existing design provisions for conventional concrete may not be applicable due to the physical and mechanical differences. To address this, 13 S-shaped interface shear pushoff specimens were tested, showing that the proposed predictive models for monolithic UHPC interface shear behavior are still applicable when steel micro-fiber contents are increased to 4%. Existing capacity models for conventional concrete may need modifications when paired with UHPC.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mahmoud Elsayed, Samah Badawy, Bassam A. Tayeh, Magdy Elymany, Mohamed Salem, Mohamed ElGawady
Summary: This experimental investigation studied the shear behaviour of Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams with web openings. The study examined the effects of steel fibre content, opening position, opening shape, and reinforcement schemes on shear behaviour. The results showed that increasing steel fibre content improved shear strength and stiffness, while the presence of web openings decreased shear strength.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fudong Ma, Mingke Deng, Yong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrates the feasibility of using lap-spliced steel bars in UHPC for beam-column connections, enhancing shear capacity and damage resistance. Increasing fiber volume fraction and stirrup volume ratio contribute to the development of beam-end plastic hinges, improving ductility of the connection. Additionally, a theoretical strut-and-tie model based on Mohr-Coulomb theory can accurately calculate the UHPC joint shear capacity for designing strong connections.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jie Wei, Jun Li, Chengqing Wu, Zhong-xian Liu, Jianguang Fang
Summary: Three strengthening designs based on ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) are proposed in this study to improve the impact resisting performance of reinforced concrete (RC) components. Drop hammer impact tests show that UHPC strengthened beams exhibit good impact resistance, with non-attached interfaces leading to even better impact resistance. Nonlinear finite element modeling was used to further interpret the experimental results and study the effects of different parameters on the shear mechanisms of RC beams and RC-UHPC beams.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lisiane Pereira Prado, Ricardo Carrazedo, Mounir Khalil El Debs
Summary: This study investigates the influence of surface preparation on the strength at the interface between high-strength concrete (HSC) and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The results show that the surface with exposed coarse aggregates achieves the best bond strength.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
V. Kodur, S. M. Alogla, S. Venkatachari
Summary: This paper presents design recommendations for the treatment of creep in the fire resistance analysis of concrete structures, with three design alternatives proposed depending on the conditions encountered during fire exposure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Srishti Banerji, Venkatesh Kodur
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of UHPC at different temperatures and finds that UHPC degrades compressive strength and elastic modulus faster than traditional concrete at high temperatures, but exhibits better performance in tensile strength and ductility due to the presence of steel fibers. The data generated from property tests can be used to propose relations for expressing the mechanical properties of UHPC as a function of temperature, which can be input into numerical models for evaluating fire resistance of structures made of UHPC.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
M. Z. Naser, V. K. Kodur
Summary: This paper presents the development of a systematic machine learning approach for the rapid assessment of fire resistance and fire-induced spalling of reinforced concrete columns. The approach utilizes three novel machine learning algorithms and a comprehensive database of fire tests to analyze the performance of normal and high strength columns under different conditions. The developed ensemble is transparent and provides quantifiable insights, breaking the notion of black-box machine learning. Furthermore, the approach tackles the scarcity of available fire tests by leveraging the use of real, synthetic, and augmented observations. The developed system can analyze over 5,000 columns in under 60 seconds, making it an attractive solution for researchers and practitioners.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hai Yan Zhang, Qi Yu Li, Venkatesh Kodur, Hao Ran Lv
Summary: This study examines the impact of pre-damage on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under fire exposure. It was found that minor pre-damage has minimal effect on fire resistance, while severe pre-damage significantly influences fire resistance, especially in larger-scaled beams due to size effects.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Puneet Kumar, Venkatesh K. R. Kodur
Summary: This study investigated the behavior of prestressed concrete beams under the combined effect of fire and structural loading through experimental and numerical studies. The model developed for evaluating the fire response of PC beams can capture critical factors such as fire-induced restraint forces and concrete cracking with reasonable accuracy. Restraint forces developed from constraining thermal expansion of beams produce only marginal increases in fire resistance of PC beams, as shown by data generated from fire tests and numerical studies.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Hai Yan Zhang, Hao Yu Liu, Venkatesh Kodur, Meng Yuan Li, Yun Zhou
Summary: This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the flexural behavior of RC one-way slabs strengthened with TRGM. The results show that TRGM can delay crack development and enhance flexural capacity of slabs, and increasing number of strengthening layers and decreasing spacing can increase the flexural capacity.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Roya Solhmirzaei, Hadi Salehi, Venkatesh Kodur
Summary: In this study, a machine learning-based approach was developed to predict the flexural capacity of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) beams. Support vector machine regression and multigene genetic programming algorithms were used to analyze data from a large set of tests and derive a simplified expression to predict the flexural capacity of the beams. The results showed that this data-driven approach using machine learning was effective in predicting the flexural capacity of UHPC beams with different material and configuration characteristics, paving the way for the development of design guidelines for UHPC beams.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tattukolla Kiran, N. Anand, A. Diana Andrushia, Venkatesh Kodur, Mervin Ealiyas Mathews, G. Prince Arulraj
Summary: This study investigated the use of lightweight plaster for insulating clay brick masonry during fire accidents. It was found that the mechanical properties of the masonry were highly influenced by the type of plastering, intensity, and duration of heating. Specimens plastered with perlite mortar exhibited better fire resistance.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Srishti Banerji, Venkatesh Kodur
Summary: This study presents a numerical method for evaluating the thermo-mechanical response of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) beams exposed to fire, demonstrating good correlation between model predictions and fire resistance experiment data. The model incorporates advanced analysis approach for evaluating spalling and shows applicability for conducting advanced analysis through a case study.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
D. A. Abdoh, B. B. Yin, V. K. R. Kodur, K. M. Liew
Summary: This paper proposes a super-fast peridynamic (SFPD) model for crack and fracture simulations in homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. The SFPD algorithm decreases computational time, enhances convergency, and can simulate cracks in different scales.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tattukolla Kiran, Siva Kumar Yadav, N. Anand, Mervin Ealiyas Mathews, Diana Andrushia, Eva Lubloy, Venkatesh Kodur
Summary: This study explores the application of lightweight plaster on high strength concrete as a fire protection method. The results show that gypsum perlite plaster and gypsum mineral wool plaster have better fire resistance than sand plaster, reducing temperature penetration and mass loss while maintaining high compressive, bond, and shear strength.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mohammadreza Eslami, Payam Keshavarz MirzaMohammadi, Seyed Hamed Khalilpour, Hasan Parsa, Venkatesh Kodure
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between blast waves and barriers of different shapes, sizes, and configurations in corridor-like structures. The results show that suitable barrier configurations and geometries can significantly reduce the load caused by explosions.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
V. K. R. Kodur, S. Banerji
Summary: This paper compares the fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams made of concretes with different strengths by conducting fire resistance tests. The results show that ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams undergo severe fire-induced spalling and exhibit lower fire resistance compared to high strength concrete (HSC) and normal strength concrete (NSC) beams. Furthermore, the inclusion of polypropylene (PP) fibers in UHPC beams helps reduce spalling and increase fire resistance.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mohammadreza Eslami, Khalid M. Mosalam, Venkatesh Kodur, Shalva Marjanishvili, Brian Katz, Hussam N. Mahmoud
Summary: The study estimated multi-performance pressure-duration curves of Laminated Glass (LG) panes using accurate pre-validated Finite Element (FE) models. Results showed that the thickness of the glass layers has a more significant impact on blast resistance compared to the PVB thickness, with thicker PVB layers typically resulting in pull-out rather than rupture. This highlights the need for frames with deeper bites for full blast resistance of LG panes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joao Paulo C. Rodrigues, Antonio J. P. M. Correia, Venkatesh Kodur
Summary: A series of fire-resistance experiments on CFST columns showed that the cross-sectional shape, support conditions, and column slenderness significantly influence their fire behavior, with CFST columns having an elliptical cross section providing higher fire resistance under certain boundary conditions.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Renbing An, Jiacong Yuan, Yi Pan, Duhang Yi
Summary: Traditional timber structures built on sloped land are more susceptible to seismic damage compared to structures built on flat land. The upper portion of the structure is found to be the weak point on sloped land, with potential issues such as tenon failure and column foot sliding.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elyas Bayat, Federica Tubino
Summary: The current design guidelines for assessing floor vibration performance do not consider the influence of variability in the walking path on the dynamic response of floors. This study investigates the dynamic response of floors under a single pedestrian walking load, taking into account the randomness of the walking path and load. The effectiveness of the current guidelines in predicting floor response is critically assessed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Gao Ma, Chunxu Hou, Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Linghui Chen, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: Minimizing earthquake damage and improving repair efficiency are the main principles of resilient structures. This study proposed a repairable column with UHPC segments and replaceable energy dissipaters. The test results showed that the columns with UHPC segments and replaceable dissipaters exhibited high strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kartheek S. M. Sonti, Pavan Kumar Penumakala, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, S. Vincent
Summary: In this study, the compressive behavior of alumina hollow particles reinforced aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSF) was investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the FE solver ABAQUS could accurately predict the elastic and elastio-plastic behavior of AMSFs. The study also suggested that FE models have great potential in developing new materials and composites under compression loading.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zheqi Peng, Xin Wang, Zhishen Wu
Summary: In this study, the statistical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cables using the classic fiber bundle model is explored. The study considers important features of large-scale multi-tendon FRP cables, such as initial random slack and uneven tensile deformation among tendons. A parametric study and reliability analysis are conducted to predict the load-displacement relation and design thousand-meter-scale FRP cables. The study emphasizes the relation between the reliability index beta of the cable and the safety factor gamma of the FRP material.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanchao Shi, Shaozeng Liu, Ye Hu, Zhong-Xian Li, Yang Ding
Summary: This paper introduces a damage assessment method for reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading, using modal parameter measurement as the evaluation index. The validity of the proposed method is validated through numerical and experimental analysis. The results show that this modal-based damage assessment method is applicable for non-destructive evaluation of blast-induced damage of RC columns.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolin Zou, Maosheng Gong, Zhanxuan Zuo, Qifang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient framework for assessing the collapse capacity of structures in earthquake engineering. The framework is based on an accurate equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, calibrated by a meta-heuristic optimization method. The proposed framework has been validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and efficiency.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Hu, Weiping Wen, Chenyu Zhang, Changhai Zhai, Shunshun Pei, Zhenghui Wang
Summary: A deep learning-based rapid peak seismic response prediction model is proposed for the most common two-story and three-span subway stations. The model predicts the peak seismic responses of subway stations using a data-driven approach and limited information, achieving good predictive performance and generalization ability, and demonstrating significantly higher computational efficiency compared to numerical simulation methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jin Ho Lee, Jeong-Rae Cho
Summary: A simplified model is proposed to estimate the earthquake responses of a rectangular liquid storage tank considering the fluid-structure interactions. The complex three-dimensional structural behavior of the tank is represented by a combination of fundamental modes of a rectangular-ring-shaped frame structure and a cantilever beam. The system's governing equation is derived, and earthquake responses such as deflection, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, and overturning moment are obtained from the solution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
W. J. Lewis, J. M. Russell, T. Q. Li
Summary: The work discusses the key features and advantages of optimal 2-pin arches shaped by statistically prevalent load and constant axial stress. It extends the design space of symmetric arches to cover asymmetric forms and provides minimum values of constant stress for form-finding of such arches made of different materials. The analysis shows that constant stress arches exhibit minimal stress response and have potential implications for sustainability and durability of future infrastructure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wen-ming Zhang, Han-xu Zou, Jia-qi Chang, Tian-cheng Liu
Summary: Saddle position is crucial in the construction and control of suspension bridges. This study proposes an analytical approach to estimate the saddle positions in the completed bridge state and discusses the calculation under different definitions. The relationship between the saddle position and the tower's centerline is analyzed, along with the eccentric compression of the tower. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through a real-life suspension bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaise K. John, Alessio Cascardi, Yashida Nadir
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the use of TRM material for reinforcing concrete columns. The results showed that increasing the number of textile layers effectively increased the axial strength. Additionally, the choice of fiber type and hybrid textile configuration also had a significant impact on strength improvement. A new design model that considers the effects of both the confining matrix and textile was proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear behavior of post-tensioned UHPFRC girders, considering factors such as prestress level, fiber volume fraction, and types of steel fibers. The results showed that increasing prestress and fiber dosage could enhance the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the girders, reduce crack angle, and increase shear cracking load.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Vahid Goodarzimehr, Siamak Talatahari, Saeed Shojaee, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In this paper, an Improved Marine Predators Algorithm (IMPA) is proposed for size and shape optimization of truss structures subject to natural frequency constraints. The results indicate that IMPA performs better in solving these nonlinear structural optimization problems compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chun-Xu Qu, Jin-Zhao Jiang, Ting-Hua Yi, Hong-Nan Li
Summary: In this paper, a computer vision-based method is proposed to monitor the deformation and displacement of building structures by obtaining 3D coordinates of surface feature points. The method can acquire a large number of 3D coordinates in a noncontact form, improve the flexibility and density of measurement point layout, and is simple and cost-effective to operate.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)