Article
Engineering, Civil
Benjamin Torres, Salvador Ivorra, F. Javier Baeza, Luis Estevan, Borja Varona
Summary: This study conducted experiments on three masonry walls reinforced with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) materials, demonstrating the effectiveness of TRM in restoring the structural integrity of damaged masonry walls and almost doubling their load-bearing capacity under cyclic loads. The use of TRM technique to strengthen masonry walls showed promising results, providing valuable technical support for the repair and reinforcement of damaged masonry walls.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
L. Estevan, F. J. Baeza, F. B. Varona, J. Pereiro
Summary: This paper analyzes the bond behavior of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) on clay brick substrates with carbon or glass textiles and different hydraulic lime mortar matrix under different temperatures (20°C, 200°C, and 400°C). The results show that TRMs retain a significant bond capacity at 200°C, but the fibers may slip within the mortar matrix. At 400°C, the bond capacity may be completely lost, and debonding at the matrix-substrate interface may occur at low stresses, depending on the properties of each TRM.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Paraskevi D. Askouni, Spyridon Polydoropoulos, Catherine G. Papanicolaou
Summary: This study found that reverse cyclic loading did not affect the failure modes of TRM/masonry joints, but led to a reduction in shear bond strength by less than 20%.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Larisa Garcia-Ramonda, Luca Pela, Pere Roca, Guido Camata
Summary: This study validated the effectiveness of using the B-TRM system to reinforce damaged masonry walls and improve their resistance and ductility, with results applicable for seismic retrofit and post-earthquake repair. Additionally, the research enhanced the understanding of the behavior mechanism and displacement capacity of masonry walls under cyclic horizontal displacement.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
L. Estevan, B. Torres, F. J. Baeza, F. B. Varona, S. Ivorra
Summary: Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) have been proven to be an effective strengthening solution to prevent cracking of masonry after fire. TRM can increase the shear strength of walls and provide high ductility and energy dissipation capacity. However, TRM may not be able to properly retrofit severely fire-damaged walls.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Niki Trochoutsou, Matteo Di Benedetti, Kypros Pilakoutas, Maurizio Guadagnini
Summary: This paper investigates the mechanical performance of flax and jute lime-based composites under direct tension, exploring the mechanical contribution of the NTRM constituents. Results show that textile geometry and reinforcement ratio significantly affect the composite performance. Flax-TRM composites exhibit promising ductile behavior, high strength, and elongation capacity, making them a potential retrofitting solution for masonry structures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Luis Mercedes, Ernest Bernat-Maso, Lluis Gil
Summary: This study used numerical models to investigate the effectiveness of using different plant fibers (hemp, cotton, and glass) to strengthen masonry walls with a fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM), and validated the model's effectiveness. The results showed that the proposed model performed well in simulating the shear force of reinforced walls under cyclic loads, but had limitations in simulating the reversible crack opening-closing phenomenon.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nima Azimi, Ali Dalalbashi, Daniel V. Oliveira, Bahman Ghiassi, Paulo B. Lourenco
Summary: This study investigates the tensile behavior of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) systems and proposes a suitable testing setup. Two different TRM systems were used and four different clamping setups were compared. The study also examines the effect of the textile-to-mortar strength ratio variation on the test results. Digital image correlation was employed to track crack patterns and failure modes. The study concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the results and a recommendation for the most suitable testing setup.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rodriguez-Marcos Maria, Villanueva-Llaurado Paula, Fernandez-Gomez Jaime, Lopez-Rebollo Jorge
Summary: This research compares FRCM systems with different carbon grids and using different mortars to evaluate the influence of grid and mortar on the mechanical properties of the reinforcement. Tensile tests with Digital Image Correlation were conducted, and the results indicate that systems with impregnated grid perform significantly better, especially when combined with high strength mortars. Improvement was observed in terms of ultimate tensile strength, crack spacing, trilinear stress-strain curve, and efficiency factor.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lampros N. Koutas, Christos G. Papakonstantinou
Summary: The experimental study showed that the type of mortar has a significant influence on the flexural capacity increase, flexural stiffness response after yielding, and failure modes. Combined effects between different types of mortars and other parameters were also revealed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
N. Trochoutsou, M. Di Benedetti, K. Pilakoutas, M. Guadagnini
Summary: This paper investigates the performance of flax textile-reinforced mortars (FTRM) as a retrofitting solution for unreinforced masonry. Experimental results show that FTRM can provide higher shear load and ultimate drift, while promoting the development of energy dissipation mechanisms and ensuring structural integrity. A new design model is proposed to accurately assess the stress contribution of flax textiles.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Alma'aitah, Bahman Ghiassi, Ali Dalalbashi
Summary: The current literature on the durability of textile-reinforced concrete and mortar (TRC/TRM) composites mainly focuses on the effects of chemical attacks, freeze-thaw conditions, and high temperatures on their mechanical performance. There is limited information on the long-term performance of TRCs under the synergistic action of mechanical and environmental loads, with existing data still being very limited.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Luis Estevan, Francisco B. Varona, F. Javier Baeza, Benjamin Torres, David Bru
Summary: This study analyzes the fire performance of different commercial Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) systems and finds that their mechanical properties are severely compromised at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 degrees Celsius. Therefore, depending on their specific application, these systems may require additional protection.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lampros N. Koutas, Dionysios A. Bournas
Summary: The study showed that using TRM layers substantially increases the flexural capacity of two-way RC slabs with cut openings and restores their original load-bearing capacity. Analysis of different parameters can help understand the effects on flexural capacity, post-yielding stiffness, and load resistance at the serviceability limit state.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nadia Tarifa, Zakaria Ilyes Djamai, Frederic Duprat, Carole Soula
Summary: This paper presents experimental results of masonry walls reinforced with textile-reinforced mortars (TRMs) and one unreinforced wall under quasi-static in-plane loading. The results show that TRM can efficiently reinforce masonry walls and increase their load-bearing capacity.
ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Architecture
Luis Estevan, F. Javier Baeza, Antonio Macia, Salvador Ivorra
Summary: This study investigated the confinement of calcarenite samples using a Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) jacket in various scenarios. The results showed that FRP can significantly improve the compressive strength of the unconfined material, and the mechanical behavior is more dependent on the properties of the FRP.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Benjamin Torres, Francisco B. Varona, F. Javier Baeza, David Bru, Salvador Ivorra
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Francisco B. Varona, Francisco Baeza-Brotons, Antonio J. Tenza-Abril, F. Javier Baeza, Luis Banon
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
B. Del Moral, I. Martin Gullon, R. Navarro, O. Galao, F. J. Baeza, E. Zornoza, B. Calderon, I. Rodriguez, N. Arnaiz, M. D. Romero Sanchez, P. Garces
Article
Construction & Building Technology
F. B. Varona, F. J. Baeza, D. Bru, S. Ivorra
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Luis Estevan, F. Javier Baeza, Francisco B. Varona, Salvador Ivorra
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
C. Farcas, O. Galao, R. Navarro, E. Zornoza, F. J. Baeza, B. Del Moral, R. Pla, P. Garces
Summary: This study investigates the viability of conductive cement composites with the hybrid addition of carbon nanotubes and graphite powder for heating, ice formation prevention and de-icing in pavements. The results show that the addition of 1% CNT + 5% GP can achieve heating, de-icing and ice-prevention properties with relatively low energy consumption, providing a promising solution for real concrete structures.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Benjamin Torres, Salvador Ivorra, F. Javier Baeza, Luis Estevan, Borja Varona
Summary: This study conducted experiments on three masonry walls reinforced with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) materials, demonstrating the effectiveness of TRM in restoring the structural integrity of damaged masonry walls and almost doubling their load-bearing capacity under cyclic loads. The use of TRM technique to strengthen masonry walls showed promising results, providing valuable technical support for the repair and reinforcement of damaged masonry walls.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Architecture
Salvador Ivorra, David Bru, F. Javier Baeza, Benjamin Torres
Summary: This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the dynamic response of historical buildings, using the Altamira Palace in Spain as a case study. It analyzes the vibration levels caused by pyrotechnic events, finding that frequencies below 10 Hz are the most damaging to the monument.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beatriz del Moral, F. Javier Baeza, Rosa Navarro, Oscar Galao, Emilio Zornoza, Jose Vera, Catalina Farcas, Pedro Garces
Summary: Cement composites with hybrid conductive fillers consisting of carbon nanotubes and graphite products were tested as strain sensors under various temperature and moisture conditions. The results showed that the resistivity values of the materials remained stable with specific amounts of CNT and GP, and the strain sensing response was independent of loading conditions, but the gage factor increased at higher temperatures and was influenced by temperature time history.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
L. Estevan, F. J. Baeza, F. B. Varona, S. Ivorra
Summary: This study found that high temperatures significantly reduced the strength and elastic modulus of the rock, but confinement with FRP provided large increases in strength and ultimate strain. The response of the confined specimens seems to depend mainly on the properties of the FRP laminate rather than the damage to the stone core.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Luis Estevan, Francisco B. Varona, F. Javier Baeza, Benjamin Torres, David Bru
Summary: This study analyzes the fire performance of different commercial Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) systems and finds that their mechanical properties are severely compromised at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 degrees Celsius. Therefore, depending on their specific application, these systems may require additional protection.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
L. Estevan, B. Torres, F. B. Varona, F. J. Baeza, S. Ivorra
Summary: This study analyzes the behavior of TRM-strengthened brick masonry panels with glass and carbon fiber meshes subjected to high temperatures. The results show that TRMs with carbon fibers exhibit better performance in restoring wall capacity and providing additional ductility.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Architecture
S. Ivorra, D. Bru, I Gisbert, F. J. Baeza, B. Torres, D. Camassa
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of a brick masonry wall under different stiffness conditions, including original, loaded, damaged, retrofitted with TRM, and retrofitted and damaged. The results show that changes in stiffness have significant influence on main frequencies and modal damping ratios, while the impact on modal shapes is minimal.
12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS (SAHC 2021)
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Renbing An, Jiacong Yuan, Yi Pan, Duhang Yi
Summary: Traditional timber structures built on sloped land are more susceptible to seismic damage compared to structures built on flat land. The upper portion of the structure is found to be the weak point on sloped land, with potential issues such as tenon failure and column foot sliding.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elyas Bayat, Federica Tubino
Summary: The current design guidelines for assessing floor vibration performance do not consider the influence of variability in the walking path on the dynamic response of floors. This study investigates the dynamic response of floors under a single pedestrian walking load, taking into account the randomness of the walking path and load. The effectiveness of the current guidelines in predicting floor response is critically assessed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Gao Ma, Chunxu Hou, Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Linghui Chen, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: Minimizing earthquake damage and improving repair efficiency are the main principles of resilient structures. This study proposed a repairable column with UHPC segments and replaceable energy dissipaters. The test results showed that the columns with UHPC segments and replaceable dissipaters exhibited high strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kartheek S. M. Sonti, Pavan Kumar Penumakala, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, S. Vincent
Summary: In this study, the compressive behavior of alumina hollow particles reinforced aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSF) was investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the FE solver ABAQUS could accurately predict the elastic and elastio-plastic behavior of AMSFs. The study also suggested that FE models have great potential in developing new materials and composites under compression loading.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zheqi Peng, Xin Wang, Zhishen Wu
Summary: In this study, the statistical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cables using the classic fiber bundle model is explored. The study considers important features of large-scale multi-tendon FRP cables, such as initial random slack and uneven tensile deformation among tendons. A parametric study and reliability analysis are conducted to predict the load-displacement relation and design thousand-meter-scale FRP cables. The study emphasizes the relation between the reliability index beta of the cable and the safety factor gamma of the FRP material.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanchao Shi, Shaozeng Liu, Ye Hu, Zhong-Xian Li, Yang Ding
Summary: This paper introduces a damage assessment method for reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading, using modal parameter measurement as the evaluation index. The validity of the proposed method is validated through numerical and experimental analysis. The results show that this modal-based damage assessment method is applicable for non-destructive evaluation of blast-induced damage of RC columns.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolin Zou, Maosheng Gong, Zhanxuan Zuo, Qifang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient framework for assessing the collapse capacity of structures in earthquake engineering. The framework is based on an accurate equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, calibrated by a meta-heuristic optimization method. The proposed framework has been validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and efficiency.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Hu, Weiping Wen, Chenyu Zhang, Changhai Zhai, Shunshun Pei, Zhenghui Wang
Summary: A deep learning-based rapid peak seismic response prediction model is proposed for the most common two-story and three-span subway stations. The model predicts the peak seismic responses of subway stations using a data-driven approach and limited information, achieving good predictive performance and generalization ability, and demonstrating significantly higher computational efficiency compared to numerical simulation methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jin Ho Lee, Jeong-Rae Cho
Summary: A simplified model is proposed to estimate the earthquake responses of a rectangular liquid storage tank considering the fluid-structure interactions. The complex three-dimensional structural behavior of the tank is represented by a combination of fundamental modes of a rectangular-ring-shaped frame structure and a cantilever beam. The system's governing equation is derived, and earthquake responses such as deflection, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, and overturning moment are obtained from the solution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
W. J. Lewis, J. M. Russell, T. Q. Li
Summary: The work discusses the key features and advantages of optimal 2-pin arches shaped by statistically prevalent load and constant axial stress. It extends the design space of symmetric arches to cover asymmetric forms and provides minimum values of constant stress for form-finding of such arches made of different materials. The analysis shows that constant stress arches exhibit minimal stress response and have potential implications for sustainability and durability of future infrastructure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wen-ming Zhang, Han-xu Zou, Jia-qi Chang, Tian-cheng Liu
Summary: Saddle position is crucial in the construction and control of suspension bridges. This study proposes an analytical approach to estimate the saddle positions in the completed bridge state and discusses the calculation under different definitions. The relationship between the saddle position and the tower's centerline is analyzed, along with the eccentric compression of the tower. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through a real-life suspension bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaise K. John, Alessio Cascardi, Yashida Nadir
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the use of TRM material for reinforcing concrete columns. The results showed that increasing the number of textile layers effectively increased the axial strength. Additionally, the choice of fiber type and hybrid textile configuration also had a significant impact on strength improvement. A new design model that considers the effects of both the confining matrix and textile was proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear behavior of post-tensioned UHPFRC girders, considering factors such as prestress level, fiber volume fraction, and types of steel fibers. The results showed that increasing prestress and fiber dosage could enhance the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the girders, reduce crack angle, and increase shear cracking load.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Vahid Goodarzimehr, Siamak Talatahari, Saeed Shojaee, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In this paper, an Improved Marine Predators Algorithm (IMPA) is proposed for size and shape optimization of truss structures subject to natural frequency constraints. The results indicate that IMPA performs better in solving these nonlinear structural optimization problems compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chun-Xu Qu, Jin-Zhao Jiang, Ting-Hua Yi, Hong-Nan Li
Summary: In this paper, a computer vision-based method is proposed to monitor the deformation and displacement of building structures by obtaining 3D coordinates of surface feature points. The method can acquire a large number of 3D coordinates in a noncontact form, improve the flexibility and density of measurement point layout, and is simple and cost-effective to operate.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)