Article
Neurosciences
Peng Wang, Xiaoxuan Wang, Ke Qiao, Yu Zhang, Qian Nie, Jing Cui, Jing Sun, Liang Li
Summary: Oxidative stress induced by amyloid-beta (A beta) is a crucial mechanism in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates the involvement of small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) in the inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway induced by A beta. It is found that A beta reduces the SUMOylation levels of Nrf2 and MafF, leading to decreased binding of Nrf2 to MafF and antioxidant response element (ARE) area of genes. Down-regulation of SUMO protein exacerbates the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway, while enhancement of SUMOylation reverses this process. These findings suggest that SUMOylation could be a potential therapeutic target for AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hengzhi Du, Zhongwei Yin, Yanru Zhao, Huaping Li, Beibei Dai, Jiahui Fan, Mengying He, Xiang Nie, Cong-Yi Wang, Dao Wen Wang, Chen Chen
Summary: Studies have shown that miR-320a is increased in pancreatic beta cells in diabetes and can lead to dysfunction by promoting ROS levels, inhibiting proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. The target gene of miR-320a, MafF, plays a role in the dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. These findings suggest that miR-320a may be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Marta Justyna Koziel, Karolina Kowalska, Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
Summary: Nrf2 is a crucial transcription factor involved in cellular response to oxidative stress, regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. Its increased expression in cancer cells suggests its tissue-specific role. Additionally, Nrf2 may play an important role in response to environmental factors such as mycotoxins.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ratnakar Jadhav, Yogesh A. Kulkarni
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive dysfunction, particularly in older individuals. The prevalence of the disease has increased due to the global aging population. Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease have limited efficacy and adverse effects. Recent research suggests that natural products, such as baicalein, could be potential treatment options for Alzheimer's disease. Baicalein, a flavonoid from the flavone subclass, has shown neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, AChE enzyme inhibitory, and anti-amyloid protein aggregation activities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pol Picon-Pages, Hugo Fanlo-Ucar, Victor Herrera-Fernandez, Sira Auselle-Bosch, Lorena Galera-Lopez, Daniela A. Gutierrez, Andres Ozaita, Alejandra R. Alvarez, Baldomero Oliva, Francisco J. Munoz
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques in the brain, which are composed of aggregated amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ). It has been found that Aβ oligomers (oAβ) induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the oxidation of CaMKII alpha. This oxidized form of CaMKII alpha is present in brain samples from AD patients and is activated independently of calcium/calmodulin binding. The oxidation of CaMKII alpha promotes the phosphorylation of CREB and its translocation to the nucleus, leading to the transcription of ARC and BDNF in AD transgenic mice and primary cultures of murine hippocampal neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jikai Zhao, Liming Yu, Xiaodong Xue, Yinli Xu, Tao Huang, Dengyue Xu, Zhishang Wang, Linyu Luo, Huishan Wang
Summary: The potential coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in aging-related diseases. The role of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha 7nAChR) in mediating the effects of amyloid-beta (A beta) in atrial remodeling was investigated. The study showed that alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha 7nAChR antagonist) could prevent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by A beta in cultured mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells). It was also found that knockdown of alpha 7nAChR in cardiomyocytes could ameliorate AF progression in late-stage (12 months) APP/PS1 mice.
Article
Food Science & Technology
WenFeng Shi, HaoXue Zheng, Jing Ming, BiSheng Huang, YuJie Guo, Yan Cao
Summary: The study reveals that Folium Nelumbinis extract has potential neuroprotective effects and can simultaneously target amyloid-beta and acetylcholinesterase, effectively delaying disease progression. The screening of individual components further elucidates the underlying mechanisms. These findings are of great significance in promoting health and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Udayakumar Karunakaran, Suma Elumalai, Jun Sung Moon, Kyu Chang Won
Summary: Brief Summary: The study demonstrates that pioglitazone selectively protects beta cells against high glucose-induced dysfunction by activating the AMPK and GLS1 axis, resulting in elevated GSH/GSSG ratio and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Chen, Santosh Pandit, Lei Shi, Vaishnavi Ravikumar, Julie Bonne Kohler, Ema Svetlicic, Zhejian Cao, Abhroop Garg, Dina Petranovic, Ivan Mijakovic
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta peptides in the brain. Graphene oxide nanoflakes have been found to effectively inhibit A beta aggregation in vitro. In this study using yeast as a model, it is shown that graphene oxide can penetrate yeast cells and reduce A beta 42 toxicity. The findings provide insights for designing graphene oxide-based therapies for attenuating cytotoxicity of A beta 42 and other misfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative pathology.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farouk K. K. El-Baz, Sami I. I. Ali, Rania Elgohary, Abeer Salama
Summary: Through the experiment, we found that beta-carotene has powerful antioxidant properties and can protect against cyclophosphamide-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oral administration of beta-carotene can reduce the severity of lung injury and inflammation, regulate molecular and cytokine levels, and improve tissue histopathological changes. Therefore, natural beta-carotene may be a promising anti-inflammatory mediator for different inflammatory-related complications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nayoung Lee, Kumju Youn, Jeong-Hyun Yoon, Bokyung Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Mira Jun
Summary: This study found that fucoxanthin, a major marine carotenoid found in brown algae, has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects against neuronal injury caused by amyloid-beta peptide (A beta). The study also revealed that fucoxanthin can enhance the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) through the Akt/GSK-3 beta/Fyn signaling pathway, providing a potential intervention for Alzheimer's disease prevention.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chenjia Guo, Yu Zhang, Qian Nie, Dandan Cao, Xiaoxuan Wang, Xinkun Wan, Min Liu, Jing Cui, Jing Sun, Yunfei Bai, Liang Li
Summary: This study revealed that alterations in the oligomeric state of p62 participate in the regulation of Nrf2 signaling under A beta insult, affecting the activation or inhibition of Nrf2 signaling. Under long-term A beta treatment, p62 oligomerization is weakened, leading to reduced sequestration of p62 to Keap1 and subsequent inhibition of Nrf2 signaling.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenyuan Tao, Linjie Yu, Shu Shu, Ying Liu, Zi Zhuang, Siyi Xu, Xinyu Bao, Yue Gu, Fang Cai, Weihong Song, Yun Xu, Xiaolei Zhu
Summary: The study showed that miR-204-3p attenuated memory deficits and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice by targeting Nox4, indicating that miR-204-3p overexpression and/or Nox4 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Han Wang, Yuan Yan, Lingmin Zhang, Yayi Wang
Summary: Exposure to stressful environments leads to the overproduction of ROS and RNS in anaerobes, which causes deterioration of microbial activities. Antioxidant genes such as kat, sod, and sor play a crucial role in scavenging these harmful substances in anammox bacteria.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wataru Araki, Fuyuki Kametani
Summary: Soluble oligomeric assemblies of amyloid beta-protein (A beta), called A beta oligomers (A beta Os), play a critical role in the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that small molecules with antioxidative properties can reduce the neurotoxicity of A beta Os and have potential as drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of AD.
