Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shinya Yamada, Hidesaku Asakura
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, often leads to thrombosis. Attention should be paid to both coagulation activation and fibrinolytic activation in the treatment of COVID-19. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may result in various thrombotic complications. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is characterized by the presence of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies and thrombosis in unusual locations. Evaluation of coagulation activation and fibrinolytic activation is important for the treatment of VITT, with adjustments made accordingly for improved outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nairrita Majumder, Vishal Deepak, Sarah Hadique, Drake Aesoph, Murugesan Velayutham, Qing Ye, Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder, Sara E. Lewis, Vamsi Kodali, Anthony Roohollahi, Nancy Lan Guo, Gangqing Hu, Valery V. Khramtsov, Richard J. Johnson, Sijin Wen, Eric E. Kelley, Salik Hussain
Summary: This study confirmed a significant redox imbalance during COVID-19 infection and suggested the manipulation of oxidative stress pathways as a potential new therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Multivariate analyses revealed associations between oxidative stress pathways, biochemical markers, and severity/clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jong Hoon Lee, Badar Kanwar, Asif Khattak, Jenny Balentine, Ngoc Huy Nguyen, Richard E. Kast, Chul Joong Lee, Jean Bourbeau, Eric L. Altschuler, Consolato M. Sergi, Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen, Sangsuk Oh, Mun-Gi Sohn, Michael Coleman
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon production, which leads to exacerbated interferonopathies. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling to regulate immune response. Additionally, aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of IFN-1 and NF-kappa B by targeting cGAS. Timely alleviation of the pathologic course is necessary for immune cell reactions and viral clearance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jilei Zhang, Shari Garrett, Jun Sun
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms, indicating a close association between gastrointestinal symptoms and COVID-19 disease. The virus may also impact the gut microbiota, and further research is ongoing regarding oral-fecal transmission and antiviral treatments.
Review
Immunology
Sonia Aparecida de Andrade, Daniel Alexandre de Souza, Amarylis Lins Torres, Cristiane Ferreira Graca de Lima, Matteo Celano Ebram, Rosa Maria Gaudioso Celano, Mirta Schattner, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Summary: This review discusses the hemostatic changes that occur in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a focus on endothelial dysfunction, kallikrein-kinins, renin-angiotensin, and the coagulation/fibrinolysis systems as underlying factors of COVID-19. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches to attenuate the severity of infection and reduce mortality.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Zaher Armaly, Safa Kinaneh, Karl Skorecki
Summary: COVID-19 is a serious global public health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has severe damaging effects on multiple organs, including a potentially high incidence of acute kidney injury.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adnan Erol
Summary: COVID-19 is a coronavirus disease that can have severe consequences due to apoptotic cell retention, which leads to secondary necrosis, uncontrolled inflammation, and coagulation abnormalities. Defective efferocytosis in the risk group contributes to the poor prognosis, while effective efferocytosis in the organism can help control the severity of the disease.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Luciano Gattinoni, Simone Gattarello, Irene Steinberg, Mattia Busana, Paola Palermo, Stefano Lazzari, Federica Romitti, Michael Quintel, Konrad Meissner, John J. Marini, Davide Chiumello, Luigi Camporota
Summary: COVID-19 pneumonia is a developing disease with evolving clinical features over time. In the acute phase, altered lung perfusion is the primary mechanism, while in the progression phase, patients may experience self-inflicted lung injury. As the disease advances, there is a shift towards irreversible lung fibrosis, leading to significant impairment in respiratory mechanics.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eamonn F. Healy, Marko Lilic
Summary: The ACE2 receptor plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system and is the key point of contact for the coronavirus spike protein. The shedding of ACE2 by ADAM17 and cleavage by TMPRSS2 are essential for virus entry into cells, with inflammation potentially impacting this process.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Siva Dallavalasa, SubbaRao V. Tulimilli, Janhavi Prakash, Ramya Ramachandra, SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula, Ravindra P. Veeranna
Summary: The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes is still being researched, but there is emerging evidence that diabetes patients are more susceptible to the virus and experience more severe symptoms. The interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes is bidirectional, with the virus increasing viral entry into cells and reducing immunity in diabetes patients. Diabetes is a common complication in COVID-19 patients, leading to serious consequences such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Further studies are needed to confirm diabetes as a complication of COVID-19.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sinje Leitzke, Jana Seidel, Bjoern Ahrens, Rainer Schreiber, Karl Kunzelmann, Maria Sperrhacke, Sucharit Bhakdi, Karina Reiss
Summary: Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (TMEM16) are important proteins in cell physiology, regulating cell proliferation and cancer growth, and acting as phospholipid scramblases. Overexpression of ANO4 and ANO9 increases the release of ADAM10 and ADAM17 substrates and enhances surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). In human cervical cancer cells, ANO4 and ANO9 overexpression promotes constitutive shedding and cell proliferation.
Review
Immunology
Mengqi Xiang, Xiaoming Wu, Haijiao Jing, Langjiao Liu, Chunxu Wang, Yufeng Wang, Valerie A. A. Novakovic, Jialan Shi
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 often experience hypoxemia, impaired lung function, and abnormal imaging manifestations. Platelet activation and abnormalities contribute to increased pulmonary permeability, gas exchange disorders, and an increased risk of thrombotic events. Phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a significant role in thrombus formation. Antiplatelet therapy and targeting PS may be potential treatment strategies for COVID-19 hypercoagulability and thrombosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Molly Wolf, Jehan Alladina, Allison Navarrete-Welton, Benjamin Shoults, Kelsey Brait, David Ziehr, Atul Malhotra, C. Corey Hardin, Kathryn A. Hibbert
Summary: Recent cohort studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19. This retrospective study of critically ill patients at Massachusetts General Hospital found that obesity was not associated with significant differences in respiratory physiology, inflammatory profile, or clinical outcomes.
Review
Oncology
Ming Sheng Lim, Simon Mcrae
Summary: The coagulopathy of COVID-19 is characterized by elevated D Dimer and fibrinogen levels, mild thrombocytopenia, and slightly prolonged PT/APTT. The underlying mechanism is believed to be immunothrombosis triggered by hyperinflammatory response and endotheliopathy. D dimer is the most reliable predictor of disease severity, thrombosis, and overall survival.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Daniel Domingo-Fernandez, Shounak Baksi, Bruce Schultz, Yojana Gadiya, Reagon Karki, Tamara Raschka, Christian Ebeling, Martin Hofmann-Apitius, Alpha Tom Kodamullil
Summary: The global scientific community's response to the COVID-19 crisis has led to a surge in publications on the virus's pathophysiology. However, without coordinated efforts to organize this knowledge, it may go unnoticed by individual research groups. By creating a structured and computable form of this knowledge, researchers can analyze and reason on a larger scale.
Article
Virology
Marcos Vinicius Gondim, Linda Wiltzer-Bach, Brigitte Maurer, Carina Banning, Enrique Arganaraz, Michael Schindler
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Thalita Camelo da Silva Ferreira, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Gustavo Adolfo Arganaraz, Ricardo Ishak, Antonio Carlos Rosrio Vallinoto, Enrique Roberto Arganaraz
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2017)
Article
Virology
Thalita Camelo da Silva Ferreira, Erika Pereira Sampaio, Gustavo Adolfo Arganaraz, Marcos Vinicius Pereira Gondim, Leland Shapiro, Enrique Roberto Arganaraz
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2014)
Review
Virology
Julys da Fonseca Palmeira, Gustavo A. Arganaraz, Guilherme Xavier Lyra Malcher de Oliveira, Enrique R. Arganaraz
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Edione C. Reis, Vinicius N. C. Leal, Lais T. da Silva, Marilia M. L. dos Reis, Enrique R. Arganaraz, Telma M. Oshiro, Alessandra Pontillo
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Virology
Marilia M. Loureiro dos Reis, Maria A. F. Queiroz, Bosco C. M. da Silva, Alberto J. da Silva Duarte, Gustavo A. Arganaraz, Antonio C. R. Vallinoto, Enrique R. Arganaraz
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Virology
Mariana Braccialli de Loyola, Thais Tereza Aguiar dos Reis, Guilherme Xavier Lyra Malcher de Oliveira, Julys da Fonseca Palmeira, Gustavo A. Arganaraz, Enrique R. Arganaraz
Summary: Understanding the pathophysiology of Covid-19 is crucial for developing more effective treatments. A1AT, as a tissue protector, plays a role in inhibiting viral infection and key proteases. Clinical findings suggest that A1AT levels may impact Covid-19 outcomes.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Donato Zipeto, Julys da Fonseca Palmeira, Gustavo A. Arganaraz, Enrique R. Arganaraz
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Stefani, Antonella Sangalli, Elena Locatelli, Tania Federico, Giovanni Malerba, Maria Grazia Romanelli, Gustavo Adolfo Arganaraz, Bosco Christiano Maciel Da Silva, Alberto Jose Duarte Da Silva, Jorge Casseb, Enrique Roberto Arganaraz, Alessandra Ruggiero, Donato Zipeto
Summary: This study found a correlation between unstable HLA-C variants and rapid progression to AIDS, providing new insights into the impact of host genetic factors on AIDS progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Fernanda Bellaniza Caminha de Oliveira, Vanessa Paola Alves Sampaio de Sa Freire, Sharton Vinicius Antunes Coelho, Lana Monteiro Meuren, Julys da Fonseca Palmeira, Ana Luisa Cardoso, Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, Bergmann Morais Ribeiro, Gustavo Adolfo Arganaraz, Luciana Barros de Arruda, Enrique Roberto Arganaraz
Summary: In this study, the researchers compared the effects of two strains of the Zika Virus (ZIKV), derived from African and Asian lineages, on BV2 microglia cells. They found that both strains were able to infect the cells, but the strain from the Asian lineage had higher infectivity and replicative capacity. The Asian strain also induced a stronger inflammatory response and lower expression of anti-viral factors compared to the African strain. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV-associated diseases.