Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thales Kronenberger, Stefan A. Laufer, Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
Summary: This article discusses the rationale for inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Small molecules and peptidomimetic inhibitors are two types of inhibitors with different modes of action. Novel inhibitors discovered during the COVID-19 pandemic are highlighted, focusing on their binding modes and structures.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Miguel Angel Martinez
Summary: This article discusses whether drug repurposing is the best strategy for developing effective therapies to treat COVID-19 and other viral human infections.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Sandro Massao Hirabara, Tamires Afonso Duarte Serdan, Raquel Bragante Gritte, Talita Souza-Siqueira, Renata Gorjao, Laureane Nunes Masi, Marina Masetto Antunes, Vinicius Cruzat, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Rui Curi
Summary: Quinine, originally extracted from the bark of Chinchona trees, has been used for treating fever since the seventeenth century. Compounds derived from quinine, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are being studied worldwide for treating COVID-19, with some discrepancies in clinical trial outcomes. The potential underlying molecular mechanisms of how CQ and HCQ inhibit viral replication may lead to the development of novel drugs to combat COVID-19.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoying Xu, Yuheng Chen, Xinyu Lu, Wanlin Zhang, Wenxiu Fang, Luping Yuan, Xiaoyan Wang
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress in the search for therapeutic drugs against COVID-19, focusing on the interaction between RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors and the enzyme complex, as well as their effectiveness. Additionally, new strategies to address the shortcomings of current inhibitors are proposed, providing guidance for the development of novel and efficient inhibitors to combat COVID-19.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Georgii Gudima, Ilya Kofiadi, Igor Shilovskiy, Dmitry Kudlay, Musa Khaitov
Summary: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus of the scientific community has shifted from vaccine development to the development of antiviral drugs. Clinical data on the safety and efficacy of various antivirals targeting different stages of the virus life cycle has been published. This review summarizes the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy for COVID-19, including drugs based on convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, interferons, fusion inhibitors, nucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors, and antisense oligonucleotides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Ali H. Alharbi, Varish Ahmad
Summary: This study investigated the potential of repurposing antibiotics for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 protease and peptidase through computational simulations. The results suggest that Doxo could be a promising option for preventing viral entry into host cells.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Partha Biswas, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Dipta Dey, Ana Carla dos Santos Costa, Shakil Ahmed Polash, Shabana Bibi, Nadim Ferdous, Md. Abu Kaium, MD. Hasanur Rahman, Fardin Kamal Jeet, Stavros Papadakos, Khairul Islam, Md. Sahab Uddin
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a new global threat, causing widespread deaths and economic crises. While progress has been made in vaccine development, effective treatments for infected patients remain elusive. Repurposing existing drugs has shown promise, with some demonstrating therapeutic efficacy against the virus. Plasma therapies have also been utilized in patient treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Youssef A. Attia, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Ayman A. Swelum, Shaza Y. A. Qattan, Adel D. Al-qurashi, Khalid A. Asiry, Manal E. Shafi, Ahmed R. Elbestawy, Ahmed R. Gado, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Elsayed O. S. Hussein, Hani Ba-Awadh, Ruchi Tiwari, Kuldeep Dhama, Bakr Alhussaini, Salem R. Alyileili, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
Summary: The passage discusses the characteristics of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, its origin, vaccine development status, and its impact on global health, environment, and economy.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kuojun Zhang, Tianyu Wang, Maotian Li, Mu Liu, He Tang, Lin Wang, Ke Ye, Jiamei Yang, Sheng Jiang, Yibei Xiao, Youhua Xie, Meiling Lu, Xiangyu Zhang
Summary: Using medicinal chemistry and rational drug design strategies, we identified a series of nonpeptidic, noncovalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors based on baicalein. Compound C7 showed superior inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and improved physicochemical and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties compared to baicalein. It also exhibited stronger antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with low cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that C7 is a promising lead compound for the development of more effective SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and anti-COVID-19 drugs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hailei Su, Feng Zhou, Ziru Huang, Xiaohua Ma, Kathiresan Natarajan, Minchuan Zhang, Yong Huang, Haibin Su
Summary: This article summarizes and analyzes recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of promising antiviral drugs for COVID-19, focusing on viral targets such as spike glycoprotein and host proteases, aiming to inspire new ideas for drug design and optimization in the future.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Agata Blasiak, Anh T. L. Truong, Alexandria Remus, Lissa Hooi, Shirley Gek Kheng Seah, Peter Wang, De Hoe Chye, Angeline Pei Chiew Lim, Kim Tien Ng, Swee Teng Teo, Yee-Joo Tan, David Michael Allen, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Wee Joo Chng, Raymond T. P. Lin, David C. B. Lye, John Eu-Li Wong, Gek-Yen Gladys Tan, Conrad En Zuo Chan, Edward Kai-Hua Chow, Dean Ho
Summary: IDentif.AI-x is a clinically actionable artificial intelligence platform that can rapidly identify and prioritize optimal combination therapies against COVID-19. It revealed strong candidate drugs and identified actionable drug interactions.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of vaccination and prior infection on severe Covid-19, and proposes future research directions.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang Sun, Chenglin Mu, Hang Fai Kwok, Jiyuan Xu, Yingliang Wu, Wanhong Liu, Jean-Marc Sabatier, Cedric Annweiler, Xugang Li, Zhijian Cao, Yingqiu Xie
Summary: The study identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as crucial in COVID-19, with inhibitors potentially blocking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and offering antiviral targets. This suggests that PI3K/AKT kinase inhibitor drugs could be a promising strategy for managing COVID-19, especially in cancer patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikola Gligorijevic, Mirjana Radomirovic, Olgica Nedic, Marija Stojadinovic, Urmila Khulal, Dragana Stanic-Vucinic, Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
Summary: The global outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to numerous clinical trials investigating the potential of polyphenols in prevention and treatment, providing a solid basis for developing polyphenol-based natural approaches for preventing and treating COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varghese Edwin Hillary, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that causes COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease. Novel mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged and are a global health concern. Scientists are researching antiviral drugs and vaccines to combat the disease. This review summarizes the dynamic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and the antiviral drugs and vaccines used against it, aiming to provide knowledge for the development of efficient vaccines against future SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Article
Immunology
Ayano Fukui, Yuhei Maruzuru, Kosuke Takeshima, Naoto Koyanagi, Akihisa Kato, Yasushi Kawaguchi
Summary: In this study, a system was established to measure the frequency of cell-cell fusion induced by wild-type herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains. It was found that the HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein B and its N-glycosylation at asparagine at position 141 were necessary for efficient cell-cell fusion. This study provides insight into the connection between wild-type HSV-1-induced cell-cell fusion and viral pathogenesis in vivo.
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mohamed Marzok, Adel I. Almubarak, Mahmoud Kandeel, Sabry El-Khodery
Summary: This study evaluated the use of the alpha-2 agonist detomidine (DE) and lidocaine (LD) in combination for analgesia in donkeys. The results showed that DE and DELD produced effective, safe, and acceptable sedative and analgesic effects in the perineal and inguinal regions of donkeys.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohamed A. A. Morsy, Hany M. M. Abd El-Lateef, Mohamed Marzok, Hossam S. S. El-Beltagi, Khalid M. M. Al Khodair, Ibrahim Albokhadaim, Katharigatta N. N. Venugopala
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir alone or in combination with interferon for the treatment of COVID-19. The analysis showed that lopinavir/ritonavir alone or in combination with interferon did not significantly outperform placebo in the treatment of COVID-19, and may be associated with more adverse events.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuto Takahashi, Kenji Kanekiyo, Kanoko Sakuda, Yui Muto, Masahiro Iguchi, Nozomu Matsuda, Yuko Hashimoto, Kazuaki Kanai, Haruko Ogawa, Hajime Hirase, Akiyoshi Kakita, Norihisa Bizen, Hirohide Takebayashi, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Miwa Uzuki, Shinobu Kitazume
Summary: Astrocytes, specifically those expressing HNK-1-O-Man(+) PTPRZ, play a crucial role in demyelination-associated conditions such as multiple sclerosis. This unique glycosylation pattern of PTPRZ is responsible for the pattern of reactive astrocytes in damaged brain areas. Understanding the role of HNK-1-O-Man(+) PTPRZ in astrocytes can provide insights into the development and progression of brain diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yoshihiko Kuchitsu, Kojiro Mukai, Rei Uematsu, Yuki Takaada, Ayumi Shinojima, Ruri Shindo, Tsumugi Shoji, Shiori Hamano, Emari Ogawa, Ryota Sato, Kensuke Miyake, Akihisa Kato, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Masahiko Nishitani-Isa, Kazushi Izawa, Ryuta Nishikomori, Takahiro Yasumi, Takehiro Suzuki, Naoshi Dohmae, Takefumi Uemura, Glen N. N. Barber, Hiroyuki Arai, Satoshi Waguri, Tomohiko Taguchi
Summary: Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is crucial for the immune response against DNA pathogens, and its degradation is mediated by endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. STING-positive vesicles derived from recycling endosomes are encapsulated into lysosomes after STING ubiquitination. This study provides insights into the regulation of STING and prevents hyperactivation of the immune response.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ahmed H. E. Hassan, Selwan M. M. El-Sayed, Mizuki Yamamoto, Jin Gohda, Takehisa Matsumoto, Mikako Shirouzu, Jun-ichiro Inoue, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Reem M. A. Mansour, Abtin Anvari, Abdelbasset A. A. Farahat
Summary: Coronaviruses and other viruses rely on host proteases for cell entry. Targeting the conserved host-based entry mechanism instead of viral proteins may be advantageous. Compound 14 is identified as a potential starting point for developing viral entry inhibitors.
Article
Immunology
Joseph K. Sampson Duncan, Danyang Xu, Maria Licursi, Michael A. Joyce, Holly A. Saffran, Kaiwen Liu, Jin Gohda, D. Lorne Tyrrell, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Kensuke Hirasawa
Summary: Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play important roles in regulating the antiviral response against human coronaviruses. Activation of IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 is observed during infection with different strains of coronaviruses. Knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate that IRF1 and IRF3 have antiviral properties against OC43, while IRF3 and IRF7 are effective in restricting 229E infection. Our study highlights the potential of IRFs as antiviral regulators against human coronavirus infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohamed A. A. Morsy, Hany M. M. Abd El-Lateef, Mohamed Marzok, Hossam S. S. El-Beltagi, Khalid M. M. Al Khodair, Ibrahim Albokhadaim, Katharigatta N. N. Venugopala
Summary: The B3 DNA-binding superfamily, containing a B3 domain, is involved in stress responses in Camelina sativa. A total of 87 members were identified and classified into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Most proteins were predicted to be located in the nucleus.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mahmoud Kandeel
Summary: Approximately 20% of human cancer cases are caused by viral infections. Only seven viruses are classified as oncogenic viruses in humans, including EBV, HPV, HBV, HCV, MCPyV, HHV8, and HTLV-1. Some other viruses, such as HIV, are also associated with highly oncogenic activities. Virally encoded microRNAs may play a significant role in carcinogenic processes. This literature review discusses the oncogenic properties of viral infections in human neoplasms and the impact of viral miRNAs on the development of malignancies.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mohamed A. A. Morsy, Seham A. A. Abdel-Gaber, Sahar A. A. Mokhemer, Mahmoud Kandeel, Wael F. F. Sedik, Anroop B. B. Nair, Katharigatta N. N. Venugopala, Hany Ezzat Khalil, Bandar E. E. Al-Dhubiab, Mervat Z. Z. Mohamed
Summary: The current study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of pregnenolone against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The results showed that pregnenolone could alleviate the side effects of doxorubicin on the heart, including histopathological changes and elevated levels of creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, pregnenolone exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, contributing to its cardioprotection in doxorubicin-treated rats.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mohamed Marzok, Omar A. AL-Jabr, Mohamed Salem, Khalid Alkashif, Mohamed Sayed-Ahmed, Majed H. Wakid, Mahmoud Kandeel, Abdelfattah Selim
Summary: This study confirms that horses in Northern Egypt are exposed to Toxoplasma gondii and raises the possibility that people and other animals could contract the disease.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Ahmed Abou El-Yazied, Hany G. Abd El-Gawad, Mahmoud Kandeel, Tarek A. Shalaby, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Abdulmalik A. Alkhateeb, Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
Summary: The combination of melatonin and putrescine showed the highest increase in growth and antioxidant capacity of snap bean seedlings under salt stress. This combination treatment reduced polyamine degradation and enhanced tolerance to salinity stress.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohamed A. Morsy, Khalid M. Alkhodair, Sameer Alhojaily
Summary: This article examines the potential therapeutic applications of MSC-derived EVs in addressing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. It also discusses the present state-of-the-art for MSC-EV-based therapy in these diseases. EVs offer a viable cell-free therapy alternative for tissue regeneration and repair, and recent research has enhanced their content and applicability.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Abdullah Skeikh, Jamal Hussen, Mahmoud Kandeel, Baraa Flemban, Maged Gomaa Hemida
Summary: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic losses in the global cattle industry. Monitoring a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia from 2020 to 2022 showed BVDV seroprevalence rates and an estimated incidence rate, providing insights into the transmissibility of BVDV.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nagla Mahmoud, Nashwa Radwan, Abdullah Alkattan, Mustafa Hassanien, Elfadil Elkajam, Sara Alqahtani, Alhan Haji, Amal Alfaifi, Amjad Alfaleh, Khaled Alabdulkareem
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of post-COVID-19 syndrome among 520 Arabic patients with confirmed COVID-19. It found that 25% of the included patients developed post-COVID-19 syndrome, with common symptoms including cough, anosmia, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and shortness of breath. Female sex, initial COVID-19 hospitalization, and the presence of chronic diseases were significant risk factors for developing post-COVID-19 syndrome.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)