Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ignacio A. Gallardo, Daniel A. Todd, Stella T. Lima, Jonathan R. Chekan, Norman H. Chiu, Ethan Will Taylor
Summary: The clinical outcome of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, is closely related to dietary selenium status. Many studies have shown that there is a significant inverse correlation between selenium levels and the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. At the molecular level, SARS-CoV-2 infection can reduce the expression of specific selenoproteins, both in laboratory experiments and in COVID-19 patients. In this study, it was demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M-pro) can cleave six predicted target sites, including three selenoproteins.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiyuan Liu, Xiaoli Zhao, Jin Ma, Yunsong Mu, Ying Wang, Shuhui Yang, Yihang Wu, Fengchang Wu, Yongzhang Zhou
Summary: Selenium is an essential trace element with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune effects that may play a role in COVID-19 complications. Observations in different cities of Hubei Province suggest a potential relationship between soil selenium levels and COVID-19 incidence, with selenium-enriched cities showing significantly lower incidence rates. Further research is needed to confirm the impact of selenium levels on SARS-CoV-2 and the prevention of COVID-19.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Liu, Youqiao Xu, Haojie Lu, Rong Wang, Zhuolu Xia, Changshun Zhao, Dechun Huang, Feng Jiang, Wei Chen
Summary: Three self-assembled nanoaggregates were constructed using different molecules, and their properties were characterized through various experiments. The results showed that nanoaggregates with disulfide groups exhibited better stability and improved cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Additionally, the nanoaggregates showed targeting ability to specific cellular components, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Geir Bjorklund, Lili Zou, Jun Wang, Christos T. Chasapis, Massimiliano Peana
Summary: Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are enzymes that reduce thioredoxin, playing a crucial role in the antioxidant system within cells. Inhibition of TrxR is a key clinical goal to address redox balance disturbances. Current research focuses on the importance of TrxRs in cellular functions and the mechanisms of inhibition by metal ions or chemicals.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaelyn A. Jenny, Gracyn Mose, Daniel J. Haupt, Robert J. Hondal
Summary: Ergothioneine (EGT), a potent antioxidant, can be reduced by the selenoenzyme mammalian thioredoxin reductase (Sec-TrxR). The glutathione system is more efficient in reducing oxidized forms of EGT, but Sec-TrxR has the advantage of directly reducing both ESSE and 5-oxo-EGT. This discovery provides insights into the redox biology of EGT and warrants further investigation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammed Majeed, Kalyanam Nagabhushanam, Priji Prakasan, Lakshmi Mundkur
Summary: The article emphasizes the severity and long-term complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, discusses the interaction of the virus with vital organs and tissues, and explores the importance of selenium in reducing susceptibility and severity of the infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer S. Stancill, John A. Corbett
Summary: Oxidative stress is implicated in pancreatic beta-cell damage in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, potentially leading to dysfunction and death of beta cells. Beta cells are vulnerable to oxidative damage but have high expression of antioxidant enzymes which may help maintain their function and survival.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sophie Dhorne-Pollet, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Bruno Da Costa, Clara Bourgon, Jean-Francois Eleouet, Nicolas Meunier, Veronica A. Burzio, Bernard Delmas, Eric Barrey
Summary: The study demonstrates that antisense oligonucleotide therapy targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome can effectively inhibit viral replication. In particular, the ASO targeting ORF1b shows the most promising results in two different cell infection models.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ayse Basak Engin, Evren Doruk Engin, Atilla Engin
Summary: In severe COVID-19, levels of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium play important roles in regulating immune responses and modifying the viral genome. Zinc and selenium suppress replication of the virus, while copper may increase the risk of infection. Monitoring the concentrations of these metals could improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuang Liu, Xing Wen, Qihan Huang, Minghui Zhu, Jun Lu
Summary: Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy drug for solid tumors but also causes various side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. Previous studies have shown a correlation between selenoenzymes and cisplatin-induced renal damage. This study established mouse models with different selenium intake levels and found that selenium deficiency increased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced damage, while selenium supplementation protected against renal injury.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasco Branco, Luis Carvalho, Cassia Barboza, Eduarda Mendes, Afonso Cavaco, Cristina Carvalho
Summary: This study found that pregnant women highly exposed to mercury through fish consumption had sub-optimal selenium status, resulting in reduced plasma selenoprotein activity. However, low selenium levels did not affect the activity of thioredoxin reductase. On the other hand, the decrease in thioredoxin activity with an increase in mercury may be a good indicator for preventing fetal susceptibility.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel J. Mallen-Ponce, Maria Jose Huertas, Francisco J. Florencio
Summary: This study focuses on the evolutionary diversity of Trx systems in cyanobacteria and their phylogenetic relationships, as well as the physiological relevance of redox regulation in cyanobacteria. The results reveal variations in Trx systems among different cyanobacteria and gradual loss of certain proteins with cyanobacterial diversification.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shibo Sun, Yici Zhang, Weiping Xu, Yue Zhang, Rui Yang, Jianli Guo, Shui Guan, Qiang Ma, Kun Ma, Jianqiang Xu
Summary: This study found that five commercial food colorants inhibited TrxR1 protein, with chlorophyll and betanin also triggering oligomerization of TrxR1. Furthermore, chlorophyllin irreversibly inhibited the reducing activity of TrxR1 and reduced cellular TrxR activity, leading to cancer cell death.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natacha S. Ogando, Priscila El Kazzi, Jessika C. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Brenda W. Bontes, Alice Decombe, Clara C. Posthuma, Volker Thiel, Bruno Canard, Francois Ferron, Etienne Decroly, Eric J. Snijder
Summary: The study found that N7-MTase is a critical enzyme for betacoronavirus replication and essential for virus viability. By conducting mutagenesis experiments on betacoronavirus nonstructural protein 14, key residues of the catalytic pocket were identified, which could be targeted for designing inhibitors with potential pan-coronaviral activity spectrum.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianhui Dou, Anton A. Turanov, Marco Mariotti, Jae Yeon Hwang, Huafeng Wang, Sang -Goo Lee, Joao A. Paulo, Sun Hee Yim, Stephen P. Gygi, Jean-Ju Chung, Vadim N. Gladyshev
Summary: TXNRD3 plays a critical role in male reproduction by controlling spermatogenesis through thiol redox regulation.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Rakotoambinina, Laurent Hiffler, Filomena Gomes
Summary: This study investigates pediatric thiamine deficiency (PTD) in high-income countries in the 21st century, identifying multiple predisposing factors different from classic PTD observed in low- and middle-income countries. Further research is needed to estimate the magnitude of PTD, and awareness is crucial in clinical practice.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)