Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Solar Cells: Progress and Challenges

Perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solar cells have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and unique advantages, which distinguish them from conventional nanocrystals and their bulk counterparts. This emerging type of photovoltaic is promising but faces many challenges regarding commercialization. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented on the recent progress and current challenges in PNC solar cells. It begins by reviewing the optoelectronic, unique properties of PNCs for photovoltaic devices. Then, the limiting factors on performance are detailed and analyzed with respect to the Shockley-Queisser limit, followed by a summary of effective strategies for efficiency improvement alongside other promising ideas. Finally, the present challenges are discussed toward high-efficiency, stable, easy-to-process, and low-cost, commercial, PNC photovoltaics. This review aims to attract further attention to the design and development of PNC solar cells, which will accelerate their progress.