Review
Engineering, Chemical
Junya Wang, Mi Zhong, Pengfei Wu, Shikun Wen, Liang Huang, Ping Ning
Summary: This review summarizes the development of steel slag for fixing CO2, organized according to the carbonation type, including direct and indirect carbonation. It discusses the carbonation condition, capacity, and techno-economic assessment, providing valuable suggestions for future study on using steel slag for CO2 sequestration.
CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yingyi Zhang, Laihao Yu, Kunkun Cui, Hong Wang, Tao Fu
Summary: With the rapid development of economy and industrialization, the consumption of natural resources has increased dramatically, leading to environmental degradation caused by greenhouse gas emissions and industrial solid waste. Using natural minerals or industrial solid waste for carbon dioxide capture and utilization is considered a feasible and promising technology. This paper summarizes the carbonation pathways and carbon capture mechanisms of industrial solid wastes, particularly steel-making slags, and evaluates the effects of different carbonation pathways on the carbonation capacity of steel-making slags. Furthermore, it analyzes the industrial application status, challenges, and prospects of carbon dioxide carbonation technology of steel-making slags.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sujin Hong, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park, Youngjune Park
Summary: Carbon mineralization technology involves reactions between CO2 and alkali earth metals to form stable carbonates, with industrial solid wastes like steelmaking slags being suitable for this process. Understanding the leachability of steel slag and its physicochemical properties is crucial for designing an effective carbon mineralization process.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hesam Ostovari, Luis Kuhrmann, Fabian Mayer, Hannah Minten, Andre Bardow
Summary: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) by mineralization can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in both stand-alone plants and large-scale climate-optimal supply chains. Implementing the large-scale supply chain for CCUS by mineralization requires a deep understanding of its economics. In this study, the cost-optimal supply chains for CCUS by mineralization in Europe were analyzed, showing that they can achieve comparable CO2e abatement costs to CO2 capture and geological storage, and avoid 60 Mt CO2e/year in Europe.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Congbin Xu, Jingjing Yang, Li He, Wenxia Wei, Yong Yang, Xiaodong Yin, Wenjie Yang, Aijun Lin
Summary: China has set ambitious goals to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, in response to the economic boom and high greenhouse gas emissions caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is seen as a promising option to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from factory sectors in the short term.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Deqiang Zhao, Di Zhang, Weiguo Shen, Jiaqi Huang, Xiaochun Tang, Yi Yang, Yulian Deng, Yanan Wang
Summary: The trial production of steel slag multi-phased clinker offers an effective low carbon strategy for comprehensive utilization of steel slag to produce high quality cement clinker. The multi-phased clinker exhibits higher mortar strength and abrasive resistance compared to general clinker.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tianji Liu, Yitong Wang, Junguo Li, Qing Yu, Xiaoman Wang, Di Gao, Fuping Wang, Shuang Cai, Yanan Zeng
Summary: There are differences in the treatment and utilization of steel slag among countries worldwide, however, the increased emphasis on energy saving and emission reduction has led to a growing focus on resource utilization of slag. Steel slag can be utilized in various fields and has a promoting effect on the growth of microalgae.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Huachen Liu, Hao Lu, Heng Hu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review on the importance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in combating global warming. It critically summarizes the characteristics and performances of liquid-based, solid-based, and microencapsulated carbon capture materials, as well as in situ and ex situ mineral storages. Possible solutions to improve CO2 capture capacity and progress in CO2 capture and mineral storage are proposed. The applications of CCS in post-combustion CO2 capture and mineral storage are systematically compared. This work contributes to a better understanding of the current state and future trends of CCS and plays a significant role in advancing basic research and commercial applications.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alizer Khowaja, Matthew D. Dean, Kara M. Kockelman
Summary: The market share of plug-in electric vehicles is growing rapidly, leading to concerns over the supply of decommissioned batteries. This study explores the potential of repurposing PEV batteries for reducing carbon emissions. Results show that homes with rooftop solar can reduce CO2e emissions by 21%, while homes without solar can achieve a 2% reduction. To make the system cost-effective, battery prices need to decrease or carbon pricing needs to increase.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Giuseppe Ferrara, Alberto Belli, Arno Keulen, Jean-Marc Tulliani, Paola Palmero
Summary: Carbonation of CO2 reactive by-products from industrial processes to produce building materials has both environmental and economic importance. However, the lack of standardisation in existing CO2 quantification techniques leads to controversial results in the literature. In this study, testing procedures for the assessment of carbonation efficiency were outlined and applied on basic oxygen steel slag samples, providing estimation of CO2 uptake. Different techniques such as thermogravimetry, thermal decomposition, and acid digestion were compared and discussed for carbonates quantification.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jing-Li Fan, Shijie Wei, Shuo Shen, Mao Xu, Xian Zhang
Summary: To mitigate global warming, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is essential, especially for China's heavy reliance on coal-fired power plants. Assessing the CO2 storage capacity in cities can help identify suitable locations for CCS projects and effectively reduce emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tianming Gao, Tao Dai, Lei Shen, Li Jiang
Summary: This study examines the feasibility and advantages of using steel slag instead of iron ore in cement production, highlighting the maximum substitution amount and specific resources, as well as the environmental and economic benefits. By optimizing raw meal quality indices and operational processes, it is possible to produce steel slag clinker that meets national standards.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumit Srivastava, Ruben Snellings, Pegie Cool
Summary: CFCB products are construction materials produced by co-utilizing CO2 and alkaline industrial residues in water-AIR systems, without any clinker components. The cementing properties rely on Ca-rich carbonates resulting from accelerated carbonation. Production involves multiple parameters such as types of AIR, physical properties of starting materials, and process temperature.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Victor Rezende Carvalho, Lais Cristina Barbosa Costa, Fernanda Pereira da Fonseca Eloi, Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra, Jose Maria Franco de Carvalho, Ricardo Andre Fiorotti Peixoto
Summary: This study evaluated the use of low-energy basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) powders as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement-based composites. The results showed that the physical properties of the BOFS powders had a greater impact on the performance of the mortars than their chemical and mineralogical compositions. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using waste from steel slag aggregates processing plants as a low-energy alternative to conventional SCMs.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Da Huang, Christian Doh Dinga, Yuan Tao, Zongguo Wen, Yihan Wang
Summary: This study reduces the complexity of energy conservation and emission reduction optimization in the iron and steel industry by building a constrained multi-objective optimization model and introducing dimensionality reduction technique. It points out that ECER policies should focus on cost, energy, CO2, and PM intensity control as the key objectives, and provides optimization suggestions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Weiqiang Liu, Debanga Nandan Mondal, Alf Hermanson, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxen
Summary: An image analysis-based method has been developed to interpret videos of a transparent Hele-Shaw model for quantitative assessment of draining phenomena in blast furnace hearth. This method extracts information and quantifies findings to gain a deeper understanding of the complex two-phase flow.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Wei Zhang, Jing Dai, Chengzhi Li, Xiaobing Yu, Zhengliang Xue, Henrik Saxen
Summary: The theoretical study of the oxygen blast furnace process has led to suggestions for revisions of static and dynamic models, focusing on the newest theoretical findings in thermodynamics and kinetics. Further development of models concentrating on energy demand and emissions are recommended for enhanced efficiency and sustainability.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Han Wei, Weitian Ding, Ying Li, Hao Nie, Henrik Saxen, Hongming Long, Yaowei Yu
Summary: The porosity distribution of burden layers in the blast furnace is crucial for gas distribution and gas-solid two-phase interaction. Research has shown that as a layer of burden moves from top to bottom, it becomes more compact with decreased porosity, stabilizing after 4-5 new layers are added on top.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Shao, Quanle Wang, Yingxia Qu, Henrik Saxen, Zongshu Zou
Summary: The breakthrough route of using a reduction shaft furnace with pure hydrogen gas and an electric arc furnace is considered a viable option for industrial-scale steel production with low CO2 emissions. The largest portion of energy in the process is consumed by the H-2-SF operation, which requires a high gas feed rate for smooth operation. Increasing gas feed temperature or furnace height can reduce gas consumption, but excessive length may result in higher total energy consumption.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Qing Zhao, Xiang Zheng, Chengjun Liu, Maofa Jiang, Henrik Saxen, Ron Zevenhoven
Summary: This study investigates the corrosion behavior of MgO-C refractory in contact with molten slag, finding that the corrosion depth is influenced by the FeO content in slag, carbon content in refractory, and rotation speed. The corrosion mechanism is primarily attributed to the penetration corrosion caused by carbon oxidation.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Chemical
Henrik Saxen, Marco A. Ramirez-Argaez, Alberto N. Conejo, Abhishek Dutta
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chengbo Zhang, Chenxi Zhao, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxen, Yingxia Qu, Zongshu Zou
Summary: A wear model based on the solution of an inverse heat conduction problem was developed to track the evolution of the internal geometry of a large-scale BF in Chinese steelworks, revealing that the skull layer at the bottom of the BF hearth is thicker, preventing excessive lining erosion in the sidewall, and correlating well with taphole length.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiyu Wei, Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper uses the discrete element method (DEM) to study the effects of rolling and static friction coefficients on the repose angle. The results show that the repose angle increases with increasing coefficients of rolling and static friction, although the rate of increase diminishes. The coefficient of static friction has a greater impact on the repose angle than the coefficient of rolling friction, and the roughness of the base surface affects the repose angle.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Debanga Nandan Mondal, Han Wei, Yaowei Yu, Henrik Saxen
Summary: This study analyzes the thermal and flow conditions in the upper shaft of a blast furnace using computational fluid dynamics combined with the discrete element method. The results show that charging significantly affects the gas and temperature distribution in the furnace, and discuss the implications of the findings.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weitian Ding, Bing Qi, Huiting Chen, Ying Li, Yuandong Xiong, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper studies the effects of different inlet velocities, liquid densities, and viscosity on bubble and velocity distribution in an industrial furnace. The research finds that an appropriate inlet velocity and liquid viscosity can ensure the uniform distribution and fluidity of gas in the furnace.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huiting Chen, Weitian Ding, Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: The physical meaning of Basset force is studied using polynomial approximation and Fourier series representation. A mathematical model is set up to describe the upward motion of a single bubble, and the coupling interface with Basset force is experimentally verified. Various factors, such as initial velocity, releasing depth, bubble size, density ratio, and viscosity ratio, are qualitatively studied due to their importance to Basset force. Quantitative analysis of the contribution of Basset force is conducted using different ratios. Furthermore, insightful outlooks and recommendations for the further development and appropriate use of Basset force are provided.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuandong Xiong, Ying Li, Huiting Chen, Dejin Qiu, Shiyu Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: Cold-bonding technique is an environmentally friendly and low-consumption method for treating silicon nitride and silicon powder waste in industrial production. The experiment showed that increasing molding pressure and high-temperature treatment had a positive impact on the compressive strength of Si3N4 briquettes, while the effect on Si briquettes was minimal.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengbo Zhang, Binbin Hou, Lei Shao, Zongshu Zou, Henrik Saxen
Summary: The undisturbed and well-controlled hearth state is crucial for the operation of an ironmaking blast furnace. A wear model was developed to estimate the hearth state of a three-taphole blast furnace. The model uses thermocouple readings and solves an inverse heat conduction problem to optimize the erosion and skull lines. The results showed excessive erosion in the hearth periphery and low permeability in the core of the deadman.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Meng Li, Xu Wang, Hao Yao, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper proposes a method for coke particle detection using deep learning algorithm and estimates the particle size distribution using statistical methods. The experimental results show that the method is fast, accurate, and has a small error, providing a new approach for analyzing particle size distribution from images.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: A proper burden and porosity distribution in the upper shaft of the ironmaking blast furnace is crucial for stable and efficient operation. The effects of static friction coefficient and shaft angle on the burden profile and porosity distribution were investigated using the discrete element method. The results show that a large static friction coefficient leads to particles staying closer to the impact point, and a larger mixed region decreases gas permeability, while an increase in burden particle roughness worsens the problem. The burden surface shape becomes flatter with increased shaft angle, and these findings shed light on the role of particle properties and wall geometry in the inner structure of the burden bed.
