Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan-Gowth Chang, Siang-Jyun Tu, Chung-Ming Huang, Yu-Chia Chen, Hui-Shan Chiang, Ya-Ting Lee, Ju-Chen Yen, Chia-Li Lin, Chin-Chun Chung, Ta-Chih Liu, Ya-Sian Chang
Summary: This study uses single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatic tools to reveal cell subpopulations and their gene signatures in the blood and synovial fluid of gout patients. It identifies specific cell types that are enriched or more abundant in patients with acute gout compared to healthy subjects, and evaluates the inflammatory and energy levels of these subpopulations. The study also detects specific cell-cell interactions in the cells of patients with acute gout.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Saskia Bos, Andrew J. Filby, Robin Vos, Andrew J. Fisher
Summary: This study comprehensively assesses the effector immune cells in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung transplant recipients with Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD). The research reveals the complexity of innate and adaptive immune cell responses in CLAD, along with the presence of immune cell products associated with tissue remodeling. Neutrophils and eosinophils are found to be linked to CLAD incidence, with eosinophils specifically predisposing to restrictive allograft syndrome. Cytotoxic and T-helper cells play a significant role in CLAD pathogenesis, although their specific role in tissue processes remains unclear from predominantly bronchoalveolar lavage data. Restrictive allograft syndrome shows a more pronounced humoral immune involvement. The evaluation of published studies over the last 20 years highlights the complex immunopathology of CLAD and emphasizes the need for more single-cell resolution spatial studies in lung tissue from CLAD patients.
Article
Cell Biology
Shengnan Wang, Hao Zhu, Lin Pan, Mengyuan Zhang, Xiaoqiang Wan, Hongqin Xu, Rui Hua, Mingqin Zhu, Pujun Gao
Summary: Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), but the causal relationship between inflammation and ACLF is unclear. In this study, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to examine the causal relationship between systemic inflammatory regulators and ACLF. The findings suggest that certain cytokines play a significant role in the development of ACLF. Further research is needed to determine the utility of these biomarkers in prevention and treatment of ACLF.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Marta Campillo Poveda, Collette Britton, Eileen Devaney, Tom N. Mcneilly, Francois Gerbe, Philippe Jay, Rick M. Maizels
Summary: Tuft cells are chemosensory cells in the intestinal tract that play a crucial role in activating immune responses to parasitic infections. They not only participate in maintaining metabolic and tissue integrity, but also serve as the first sensors of parasite infection. Furthermore, Tuft cells are widely distributed in mucosal tissues and are connected to immune and neuronal cells.
Article
Immunology
Yudong Zhao, Wei He, Chenchen Wang, Nana Cui, Changjie Yang, Zhengrui You, Bisheng Shi, Lei Xia, Xiaosong Chen
Summary: This study revealed distinct intrahepatic B-cell subsets in ACLF patients, with an increased proportion of activated memory B cells and plasma cells in the ACLF liver. These B cell subpopulations showed enhanced activation and altered effector functions, suggesting the potential of B-cell intervention in ACLF therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yan Tie, Fan Tang, Yu-quan Wei, Xia-wei Wei
Summary: Immunotherapies are effective for treating advanced cancers, but some patients are resistant to these therapies. Targeting immunosuppressive cells and related signals is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yogesh Saxena, Sanjeev Routh, Arunika Mukhopadhaya
Summary: Osteoporosis, a result of bone remodeling imbalance, is closely related to the immune system and inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to osteoporosis, with innate cells being the major effectors of inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Yunjie Lu, Shiying Ma, Wei Ding, Pengcheng Sun, Qi Zhou, Yunfei Duan, Kurt Sartorius
Summary: The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between protection and immunotolerance, and the deregulation of the immunological network in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hallmark of its pathogenesis. The immune response in the liver involves various immune cells and is modulated by continuous exposure to toxic molecules and microorganisms. Understanding the roles of different resident immune cell subsets and their interaction in HCC pathogenesis may lead to the identification of new biomarkers and therapy options.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaohong Ma, Rong Ma, Mengzhe Zhang, Baicheng Qian, Baoliang Wang, Weijing Yang
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The main pathological features are inflammatory reaction, demyelination, axonal disintegration, reactive gliosis, etc. Both T cells and B cells along with their mediated immune cells have been found to be important in the pathogenesis of MS.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Albert J. Czaja
Summary: MAIT cells exhibit hyperactivation, immune exhaustion, dysfunction, and depletion in chronic liver disease, as well as protective and pathogenic roles. Local factors in the hepatic microenvironment may modulate their response, and investigational manipulations of function are warranted to establish an association with disease severity and outcome.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
William Bernal, Constantine Karvellas, Faouzi Saliba, Fuat H. Saner, Philippe Meersseman
Summary: Acute-on-chronic liver failure syndrome involves liver function deterioration, extrahepatic organ failure, and high mortality rate, requiring rapid and coherent management in the intensive care unit to improve patient outcomes.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Costanza Maria Cristiani, Mariaelena Capone, Cinzia Garofalo, Gabriele Madonna, Domenico Mallardo, Marilena Tuffanelli, Vito Vanella, Marta Greco, Daniela Patrizia Foti, Giuseppe Viglietto, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Hergen Spits, Ennio Carbone
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have shown improved clinical outcomes for patients with malignant melanoma, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and the impact of melanoma cells on ILC functions. The findings suggest that PD-1 blockade can affect the proportions and functions of ILCs in melanoma patients, and specific subpopulations are associated with treatment response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Seonghwan Hwang, Amy Hicks, Chai Zhen Hoo, Yong Seong Kwon, Ye Eun Cho, Joanna Moore, Bin Gao
Summary: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapidly progressing liver dysfunction, while acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) occurs in patients with existing chronic liver disease. Both conditions are associated with multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality. This review discusses the causes, pathogenesis, and current treatment options for ALF and ACLF, and explores the potential therapeutic use of interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine that has shown promise in protecting against organ damage and reducing bacterial infection.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Wallace Pitanga Bezerra, Raiza Nara Cunha Moizeis, Amanda Costa Ayres Salmeron, Hannaly Wana Bezerra Pereira, Joselio Maria Galvao de Araujo, Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes, Jose Verissimo Fernandes, Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento
Summary: Chikungunya disease (CHIKD) is a viral disease characterized by arthralgia and high morbidity. Inflammatory mediators and type I interferons play important roles in its pathogenesis. This study found that the expression of RNA-specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their adaptor molecules is upregulated in acute CHIKD patients. Additionally, cytokine expression related to inflammatory and antiviral responses, such as IL-6, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma, was significantly increased. Understanding the immune response and virus clearance mechanisms in CHIKD is crucial for developing effective treatments to reduce disease severity.
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hobin Seo, Amisha Verma, Megan Kinzel, Qiutong Huang, Douglas J. J. Mahoney, Nicolas Jacquelot
Summary: Reinvigorating the killing function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through targeting regulatory molecules has improved the prognosis of cancer patients. Recent investigations suggest that tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), in addition to T lymphocytes, can benefit from immunotherapy. This article discusses the expression of immune checkpoint on ILCs and how their effector function is modulated by checkpoint blockade-based therapies, exploring potential to impede tumor growth and disease progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rashi Sehgal, Sharda Patra, Paul David, Ashish Vyas, Arshi Khanam, Syed Hissar, Ekta Gupta, Guresh Kumar, Shyam Kottilil, Rakhi Maiwall, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Nirupama Trehanpati
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
A. Khanam, N. Trehanpati, P. Riese, A. Rastogi, C. A. Guzman, S. K. Sarin
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Immunology
Arshi Khanam, Nirupma Trehanpati, Peggy Riese, Archana Pastogi, Carlos Alberto Guzman, Shiv Kumar Sarin
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arshi Khanam, Nirupma Trehanpati, Shiv Kumar Sarin
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin Hyang Kim, Alip Ghosh, Natarajan Ayithan, Sara Romani, Arshi Khanam, Jang-June Park, Rene Rijnbrand, Lydia Tang, Michael J. Sofia, Shyam Kottilil, Chris B. Moore, Bhawna Poonia
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin Hyang Kim, Alip Ghosh, Natarajan Ayithan, Sara Romani, Arshi Khanam, Jang-June Park, Rene Rijnbrand, Lydia Tang, Michael J. Sofia, Shyam Kottilil, Chris B. Moore, Bhawna Poonia
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arshi Khanam, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Eleanor Wilson
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Arshi Khanam, Natarajan Ayithan, Lydia Tang, Bhawna Poonia, Shyam Kottilil
Summary: Chronic Hepatitis B affects over 350 million people worldwide, and current treatments do reduce complications but do not provide a cure. Humoral responses in CHB rely on T-FH cells to support B cell response, with IL-21 playing a key role. However, defective T-FH cells in CHB can efficiently support B cell responses by producing IL-27, which aids in viral clearance and improving antibody production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Arshi Khanam, Paul G. Saleeb, Shyam Kottilil
Summary: Hepatic fibrosis is a complex pathophysiological process involving interactions between various cells and molecular mechanisms that result in liver damage and cell transformation. While several therapeutic approaches exist to inhibit fibrosis, few have advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arshi Khanam, Joel V. Chua, Shyam Kottilil
Summary: This review discusses the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cell transformations associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arshi Khanam, Ji Ae Yoon, Bhawna Poonia, Ethan Grant, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Lydia Tang
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arshi Khanam, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Eleanor Wilson
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nirupma Trehanpati, Rashi Sehgal, Sharda Patra, Ashish Vyas, Madavan Vasudeva, Ritu Khosla, Arshi Khanam, Guresh Kumar, Rakhi Maiwall, Gayatri Ramakrishna, Shyam Kottilil, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arshi Khanam, Nirupma Trehanpati, Peggy Riese, Archana Rastogi, Carlos A. Guzman, Shiv K. Sarin