Article
Respiratory System
Kay Wang, Malcolm G. Semple, Michael Moore, Alastair D. Hay, Sharon Tonner, Ushma Galal, Jenna Grabey, Tricia Carver, Rafael Perera, Ly-Mee Yu, Jill Mollison, Paul Little, Andrew Farmer, Christopher C. Butler, Anthony Harnden
Summary: This pragmatic trial found that early use of co-amoxiclav did not reduce the risk of reconsultation due to clinical deterioration in at risk children during the influenza season. The findings do not support the use of early co-amoxiclav in children with seasonal ILI.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark N. Polizzotto, Jacqueline Nordwall, Abdel G. Babiker, Andrew Phillips, David M. Vock, Nnakelu Eriobu, Vivian Kwaghe, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Srikanth Ramachandruni, Rajeev Narang, Manua K. Jain, Susana M. Lazarte, Jason Baker, Anne E. P. Frosch, Garyfallia Poulakou, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, Gretchen S. Amoczy, Natalie A. McBride, Philip A. Robinson, Farjad Sarafian, Sanjay Bhagani, I. Lassan S. Taha, Thomas Benfield, Sean T. H. Liu, Anastasia Antoniadou, Jens Ulrik Staehr Jensen, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Adityo Susilo, Prasetyo Hariadi, Tomas O. Jensen, Jose Luis Morales-Rull, Marie Helleberg, Sreenath Meegada, Isik S. Johansen, Daniel Canario, Eduardo Fernandez-Cruz, Simeon Metallidis, Amish Shah, Aki Sakurai, Nikolaus G. Koulouris, Robin Trounan, Amy C. Weintrob, Dania Podlekareva, Usman Hadi, Kathryn M. Lloyd, Birgit Thorup Roge, Sho Saito, Kelly Sweenis, Jakob J. Malin, Christoph Luebbert, Jose Munoz, Matthew J. Cummings, Marcelo H. Losso, Dan Turner, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Robin Dewar, Helene Highbarger, Pertine Lallemand, Tauseef Rehman, Norman Gerry, Dona Arlinda, Christina C. Chang, Birgit Grund, Michael R. Holbrook, Horace P. Holley, Fleur Hudson, Laura A. McNay, Daniel D. Murray, Sarah L. Pett, Megan Shaughnessy, Mary C. Smolslcis, Giota Touloumi, Mary F. Wright, Mittie K. Doyle, Sharon Popik, Christine Hall, Roshan Ramanathan, Huyen Cao, Elsa Mondou, Todd Willis, Joseph Thakuria, Leman Yel, Elizabeth Liggs, Virginia L. Kan, Jens D. Lundgren, James D. Neaton, H. Clifford Lane
Summary: Passive immunotherapy using hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) derived from recovered donors is a potential therapy for COVID-19. However, this international randomized controlled trial found that hIVIG did not demonstrate efficacy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients when administered with standard care including remdesivir.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brian G. Feagan, Silvio Danese, Edward V. Loftus, Severine Vermeire, Stefan Schreiber, Timothy Ritter, Ronald Fogel, Rajiv Mehta, Sandeep Nijhawan, Radoslaw Kempinski, Rafal Filip, Ihor Hospodarskyy, Ursula Seidler, Frank Seibold, Ian L. P. Beales, Hyo Jong Kim, John McNally, Chohee Yun, Sally Zhao, Xiaopeng Liu, Chia-Hsiang Hsueh, Chantal Tasset, Robin Besuyen, Mamoru Watanabe, William J. Sandborn, Gerhard Rogler, Toshifumi Hibi, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Summary: The study assessed the efficacy and safety of filgotinib in treating ulcerative colitis, with the results showing that 200 mg of filgotinib was more effective than placebo in inducing and maintaining clinical remission.
Article
Respiratory System
Carlo Salvarani, Marco Massari, Massimo Costantini, Domenico Franco Merlo, Gabriella Lucia Mariani, Pierluigi Viale, Stefano Nava, Giovanni Guaraldi, Giovanni Dolci, Luca Boni, Luisa Savoldi, Paolo Bruzzi, Caterina Turra, Mariagrazia Catanoso, Anna Maria Marata, Chiara Barbieri, Annamaria Valcavi, Francesca Franzoni, Silvio Cavuto, Giorgio Mazzi, Romina Corsini, Fabio Trapani, Alessandro Bartoloni, Emanuela Barisione, Giulia Jole Burastero, Angelo Pan, Walter Inojosa, Raffaele Scala, Cecilia Burattini, Fabrizio Luppi, Mauro Codeluppi, Kamal Eldin Tarek, Giovanni Cenderello, Mario Salio, Giuseppe Foti, Roberto Dongilli, Gianluigi Bajocchi, Emanuele Alberto Negri, Giacomo Ciusa, Giacomo Fornaro, Ilaria Bassi, Lorenzo Zammarchi, Teresita Aloe, Nicola Facciolongo
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in COVID-19 pneumonia patients, and found no significant benefit compared to standard treatment. There were no significant differences in hospital discharge time, survival rates, or overall mortality between the two groups, indicating limited effectiveness of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in treating COVID-19 pneumonia.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christina M. Brennan, Sandeep Nadella, Xiang Zhao, Richard J. Dima, Nicole Jordan-Martin, Breanna R. Demestichas, Sam O. Kleeman, Miriam Ferrer, Eva Carlotta von Gablenz, Nicholas Mourikis, Michael E. Rubin, Harsha Adnani, Hassal Lee, Taehoon Ha, Soma Prum, Cheryl B. Schleicher, Sharon S. Fox, Michael G. Ryan, Christina Pili, Gary Goldberg, James M. Crawford, Sara Goodwin, Xiaoyue Zhang, Jonathan B. Preall, Ana S. H. Costa, Joseph Conigliaro, Joseph R. Masci, Jie Yang, David A. Tuveson, Kevin J. Tracey, Tobias Janowitz
Summary: This study assessed the effect of famotidine on inflammation and symptomatic recovery in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. The results showed that famotidine led to earlier resolution of symptoms and inflammation without reducing anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Additional randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Infectious Diseases
James Welker, Juan D. Pulido, Andrew T. Ca Tarizaro, Carlos D. Malvestutto, Zihai Li, Jona Than B. Cohen, Eric D. Whitman, Dana Byrne, Olivia K. Giddings, Jordan E. Lake, Joel Chua, Ella Li, Flan Chen, Xiang Zhou, Kun He, Davis Gates, Amarjot Kaur, Jamie Chen, Hung-Yen Chou, Martin Devenport, Raymond Tommy, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Yang Liu, Pan Zheng
Summary: CD24Fc is well-tolerated and accelerates clinical improvement in hospitalised adults with COVID-19 receiving oxygen support.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Taoyu Li, Heping Fang, Xiangyu Liu, Yu Deng, Na Zang, Jun Xie, Xiaohong Xie, Zhengxiu Luo, Jian Luo, Yulin Liu, Zhou Fu, Luo Ren, Enmei Liu
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). This retrospective study analyzed RSV seasonality from June 2009 to May 2019 in Chongqing, China. The study found that RSV epidemic season typically occurs from October to March with a small peak in June, and infants born 1-2 months before the epidemic season were more susceptible to RSV infection. Additionally, RSV-A dominant years had an earlier, longer, and more severe epidemic compared to RSV-B dominant years.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Cameron R. Wolfe, Kay M. Tomashek, Thomas F. Patterson, Carlos A. Gomez, Vincent C. Marconi, Mamta K. Jain, Otto O. Yang, Catharine Paules, Guillermo M. Ruiz Palacios, Robert Grossberg, Michelle S. Harkins, Richard A. Mularski, Nathaniel Erdmann, Uriel Sandkovsky, Eyad Almasri, Justino Regalado Pineda, Alexandra W. Dretler, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Angela R. Branche, Pauline K. Park, Aneesh K. Mehta, William R. Short, Susan L. F. McLellan, Susan Kline, Nicole M. Iovine, Hana M. El Sahly, Sarah B. Doernberg, Myoung-don Oh, Nikhil Huprikar, Elizabeth Hohmann, Colleen F. Kelley, Mark Holodniy, Eu Suk Kim, Daniel A. Sweeney, Robert W. Finberg, Kevin A. Grimes, Ryan C. Maves, Emily R. Ko, John J. Engemann, Barbara S. Taylor, Philip O. Ponce, LuAnn Larson, Dante Paolo Melendez, Allan M. Seibert, Nadine G. Rouphael, Joslyn Strebe, Jesse L. Clark, Kathleen G. Julian, Alfredo Ponce de Leon, Anabela Cardoso, Stephanie de Bono, Robert L. Atmar, Anuradha Ganesan, Jennifer L. Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Tyler Bonnett, Tatiana Beresnev, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Walla Dempsey, Seema U. Nayak, Lori E. Dodd, John H. Beigel, Andre C. Kalil
Summary: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen by low-flow, high-flow, or non-invasive ventilation, baricitinib plus remdesivir and dexamethasone plus remdesivir resulted in similar mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29, but dexamethasone was associated with significantly more adverse events, treatment-related adverse events, and severe or life-threatening adverse events.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stephen A. Harrison, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Guy Neff, Nadege Gunn, Cynthia D. Guy, Naim Alkhouri, Mustafa R. Bashir, Bradley Freilich, Anita Kohli, Arun Khazanchi, Muhammad Y. Sheikh, Mark Leibowitz, Mary E. Rinella, Mohammad S. Siddiqui, Mark Kipnes, Sam E. Moussa, Ziad H. Younes, Meena Bansal, Seth J. Baum, Brian Borg, Peter J. Ruane, Paul J. Thuluvath, Mildred Gottwald, Mujib Khan, Charles Chen, Liza Melchor-Khan, William Chang, Alex M. DePaoli, Lei Ling, Hsiao D. Lieu
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aldafermin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but did not demonstrate a significant dose response.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashkan Shoamanesh, Hardi Mundl, Eric E. Smith, Jaime Masjuan, Ivan Milanov, Teruyuki Hirano, Alina Agafina, Bruce Campbell, Valeria Caso, Jean-Louis Mas, Qiang Dong, Peter Turcani, Hanne Christensen, Jose M. Ferro, Roland Veltkamp, Robert Mikulik, Gian Marco De Marchis, Thompson Robinson, Robin Lemmens, Adam Stepien, Stefan Greisenegger, Risto Roine, Laszlo Csiba, Pooja Khatri, Jonathan Coutinho, Arne G. Lindgren, Andrew M. Demchuk, Pablo Colorado, Bodo Kirsch, Christoph Neumann, Laura Heenan, Lizhen Xu, Stuart J. Connolly, Robert G. Hart
Summary: In this phase 2b trial, FXIa inhibition with asundexian did not reduce the occurrence of covert brain infarction or ischemic stroke and did not increase the risk of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding compared to placebo in patients with acute, non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Barry Dixon, Roger J. Smith, Duncan J. Campbell, John L. Moran, Gordon S. Doig, Thomas Rechnitzer, Christopher M. MacIsaac, Nicholas Simpson, Frank M. P. van Haren, Angajendra N. Ghosh, Sachin Gupta, Emma J. C. Broadfield, Timothy M. E. Crozier, Craig French, John D. Santamaria
Summary: The study found that nebulised heparin did not improve self-reported performance of daily physical activities in patients with or at risk of ARDS, but was well tolerated. Exploratory outcomes suggest less progression of lung injury and earlier return home for patients. Further research is needed to establish if nebulised heparin accelerates recovery in those who have or are at risk of ARDS.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stephen A. Harrison, Juan P. Frias, Guy Neff, Gary A. Abrams, K. Jean Lucas, William Sanchez, Sudhanshu Gogia, Muhammed Y. Sheikh, Cynthia Behling, Pierre Bedossa, Lan Shao, Doreen Chan, Erica Fong, Brittany de Temple, Reshma Shringarpure, Erik J. Tillman, Timothy Rolph, Andrew Cheng, Kitty Yale
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the bivalent Fc-FGF21 analogue Efruxifermin in patients with NASH and moderate or severe fibrosis. The results showed that Efruxifermin improved liver fibrosis and resolved NASH over 24 weeks with acceptable tolerability, supporting further assessment in phase 3 trials.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Holly R. Keir, Merete B. Long, Hani Abo-Leyah, Yan Hui Giam, Thenmalar Vadiveloo, Thomas Pembridge, Rebecca C. Hull, Lilia Delgado, Margaret Band, Fiona McLaren-Neil, Simon Adamson, Eva Lahnsteiner, Amy Gilmour, Chloe Hughes, Benjamin Jm New, David Connell, Rebecca Dowey, Helena Turton, Hollian Richardson, Diane Cassidy, Jamie Cooper, Jay Suntharalingam, Lavanya Diwakar, Peter Russell, Jonathan Underwood, Alexander Hicks, Davinder Ps Dosanjh, Beth Sage, Devesh Dhasmana, Mark Spears, Aa Roger Thompson, Christopher Brightling, Andrew Smith, Manish Patel, Jacob George, Alison M. Condliffe, Amelia Shoemark, Graeme MacLennan, James D. Chalmers
Summary: This study investigated the use of brensocatib in COVID-19 patients and found that it did not improve the clinical status of the patients.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Simon J. Bowman, Robert Fox, Thomas Doerner, Xavier Mariette, Athena Papas, Thomas Grader-Beck, Benjamin A. Fisher, Filipe Barcelos, Salvatore De Vita, Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Robert J. Moots, Guido Junge, Janice N. Woznicki, Monika A. Sopala, Wen-Lin Luo, Wolfgang Hueber
Summary: This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ianalumab in patients with moderate to severe primary Sjogren's syndrome. The drug showed dose-related reduction in disease activity and was well tolerated.
Article
Microbiology
A. Damholt, M. K. Keller, K. Baranowski, B. Brown, A. Wichmann, C. Melsaether, D. Eskesen, V Westphal, D. Arltoft, A. Habicht, Q. Gao, G. Crawford
Summary: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 oral intake in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections did not show a significant reduction in the incidence of URTIs. The trial did not meet the primary endpoint or any of the secondary efficacy endpoints. However, clustering analysis identified two separate clusters, indicating that the intake of L. rhamnosus GG DSM 33156 may help alleviate symptoms in children with URTIs.
BENEFICIAL MICROBES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Benno Kohlmaier, Manuel Leitner, Nienke N. Hagedoorn, Dorine M. Borensztajn, Ulrich von Both, Enitan D. Carrol, Marieke Emonts, Michiel van der Flier, Ronald de Groot, Jethro Herberg, Michael Levin, Emma Lim, Ian K. Maconochie, Federico Martinon-Torres, Ruud G. Nijman, Marko Pokorn, Irene Rivero-Calle, Chantal D. Tan, Maria Tsolia, Clementien L. Vermont, Joany M. Zachariasse, Dace Zavadska, Henriette A. Moll, Werner Zenz
Summary: This study investigated febrile children with petechial rashes who presented to European emergency departments and found that children with a combination of fever and petechial rash were more likely to have sepsis, meningitis, bacterial infections, and require immediate life-saving interventions and intensive care unit admissions. Therefore, the combination of fever and petechial rash is still an important warning sign for childhood sepsis and meningitis.
Article
Pediatrics
Ruud G. Nijman, Chantal D. Tan, Nienke N. Hagedoorn, Daan Nieboer, Jethro Adam Herberg, Anda Balode, Ulrich von Both, Enitan D. Carrol, Irini Eleftheriou, Marieke Emonts, Michiel van der Flier, Ronald de Groot, Benno Kohlmaier, Emma Lim, Federico Martinon-Torres, Marko Pokorn, Franc Strle, Maria Tsolia, Shunmay Yeung, Joany M. Zachariasse, Dace Zavadska, Werner Zenz, Michael Levin, Clementien L. Vermont, Henriette A. Moll, Ian K. Maconochie
Summary: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of children with fever lasting >= 5 days presenting to emergency departments. The study found that children with prolonged fever have a higher risk of serious bacterial infection (SBI). However, warning signs of SBI were observed infrequently, highlighting the need for careful clinical assessment and diagnostic workup.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Letter
Respiratory System
Sonia Ares-Gomez, Narmeen Mallah, Jacobo Pardo-Seco, Victoria Nartallo-Penas, Susana Miras-Carballal, Carmen Rodriguez-Tenreiro-Sanchez, Irene Rivero-Calle, Marta Pineiro-Sotelo, Carmen Duran-Parrondo, Federico Martinon-Torres
ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sadeque Reza Khan, Xiaohan Wang, Tiantao Jiang, Wei Ju, Norbert Radacsi, Muhammad Abdul Kadir, Khondkar Siddique-e Rabbani, Steve Cunningham, Srinjoy Mitra
Summary: A glove device for measuring respiratory rate can help detect pneumonia in low-resource settings, which is particularly challenging in low- and middle-income countries for infants. This non-invasive glove device can measure respiratory rate and display results in real-time using a mobile app.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Timo Hess, Carlo Maj, Jan Gehlen, Oleg Borisov, Stephan L. Haas, Ines Gockel, Michael Vieth, Guillaume Piessen, Hakan Alakus, Yogesh Vashist, Carina Pereira, Michael Knapp, Vitalia Schueller, Alexander Quaas, Heike I. Grabsch, Jessica Trautmann, Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko, Anna Mokrowiecka, Jan Speller, Andreas Mayr, Julia Schroeder, Axel M. Hillmer, Dominik Heider, Florian Lordick, Angeles Perez-Aisa, Rafael Campo, Jesus Espinel, Fernando Geijo, Concha Thomson, Luis Bujanda, Federico Sopena, Angel Lanas, Maria Pellise, Claudia Pauligk, Thorsten Oliver Goetze, Carolin Zelck, Julian Reingruber, Emadeldin Hassanin, Peter Elbe, Sandra Alsabeah, Mats Lindblad, Magnus Nilsson, Nicole Kreuser, Rene Thieme, Francesca Tavano, Roberta Pastorino, Dario Arzani, Roberto Persiani, Jin-On Jung, Henrik Nienhueser, Katja Ott, Ralf R. Schumann, Oliver Kumpf, Susen Burock, Volker Arndt, Anna Jakubowska, Malgorzta Lawniczak, Justyna Dabrowska, Olivier Cussenot, Anne Boland-Auge, Delphine Daian, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Erika Salvi, Maris Teder-Laving, Gianluca Tomasello, Margherita Ratti, Chiara Senti, Valli De Re, Agostino Steffan, Arnulf H. Hoelscher, Katharina Messerle, Christiane Josephine Bruns, Armands Sivins, Inga Bogdanova, Jurgita Skieceviciene, Justina Arstikyte, Markus Moehler, Hauke Lang, Peter P. Grimminger, Martin Kruschewski, Nikolaos Vassos, Claus Schildberg, Philipp Lingohr, Karsten Ridwelski, Hans Lippert, Nadine Fricker, Peter Krawitz, Per Hoffmann, Markus M. Noethen, Lothar Veits, Jakob R. Izbicki, Adrianna Mostowska, Federico Martinon-Torres, Daniele Cusi, Rolf Adolfsson, Geraldine Cancel-Tassin, Aksana Hoeblinger, Ernst Rodermann, Monika Ludwig, Gisela Keller, Andres Metspalu, Hermann Brenner, Joerg Heller, Markus Neef, Michael Schepke, Franz Ludwig Dumoulin, Lutz Hamann, Renato Cannizzaro, Michele Ghidini, Dominik Plassmann, Michael Geppert, Peter Malfertheiner, Olivier Gehlen, Tomasz Skoczylas, Marek Majewski, Jan Lubinski, Orazio Palmieri, Stefania Boccia, Anna Latiano, Nuria Aragones, Thomas Schmidt, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Rui Medeiros, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Marcis Leja, Juozas Kupcinskas, Maria A. Garcia-Gonzalez, Marino Venerito, Johannes Schumachera
Summary: This study characterized the genetic risk architecture of gastric cancer (GC) and its subtypes, and found that GC is genetically heterogenous. It also revealed the shared genetic aetiology between cardia GC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's oesophagus (BO).
Article
Immunology
Muttharat Jarupan, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Peera Jaruampornpan, Jarujan Subchartanan, Chayapa Phasomsap, Taweesak Sritammasiri, Sapphire Cartledge, Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Suvaporn Anugulruengkitt, Surinda Kawichai, Thanyawee Puthanakit
Summary: This study aimed to assess long COVID and describe the immunogenicity against Omicron variants after BNT162b2 vaccination. The study included children (aged 5-11) and adolescents (aged 12-17) who had SARS-CoV-2 infection from July to December 2021. The study found that 31% of children and 60% of adolescents reported at least one long COVID symptom at 3 months post-infection, with respiratory symptoms being the most common. The immunogenicity against the Omicron variant after BNT162b2 vaccination was high and did not differ between one or two doses of the vaccine in both children and adolescents.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Siddhartha Sankar Datta, Federico Martinon-Torres, Nino Berdzuli, Niyazi Cakmak, Michael Edelstein, Simon Cottrell, Mark Muscat
Summary: Universal immunization greatly reduces the incidence and mortality of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, routine immunization coverage varies significantly between countries, populations, and districts, and has even declined in some cases. Insufficient immunization coverage leads to susceptible individuals and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The European Immunization Agenda 2030 aims to promote equity in immunization and assist stakeholders in addressing local challenges to improve overall health in the WHO European Region.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kritsaporn Sujjavorakul, Wasan Katip, Stephen J. Kerr, Noppadol Wacharachaisurapol, Thanyawee Puthanakit
Summary: For the treatment of critically ill patients, it is recommended to achieve the target area under the plasma concentration-time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) early within the first 24 hours. However, accurately calculating the AUC before steady state is a challenge. This study aimed to estimate AUC using two first-order pharmacokinetic equations and compare them to the actual first dose vancomycin AUC. The equation with compensation for the alpha distribution phase using specific time points showed good agreement and low bias, making it reliable for clinical practice settings.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harsita Patel, Amalia Sintou, Rasheda A. Chowdhury, Stephen Rothery, Alma Octavia Iacob, Sanjay Prasad, Peter P. Rainer, Federico Martinon-Torres, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Chisato Shimizu, Kirsten Dummer, Adriana H. Tremoulet, Jane C. Burns, Susanne Sattler, Michael Levin
Summary: This study investigated the presence of anticardiac autoantibodies in MIS-C or COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis and found no evidence of antibody binding to cardiac tissue in these conditions. This suggests that the cardiac pathology in MIS-C and vaccine-induced myocarditis is unlikely to be driven by direct anticardiac antibody-mediated mechanisms.
Article
Pediatrics
Alexander James Martin, Fabian Johannes Stanislaus van der Velden, Ulrich von Both, Maria N. Tsolia, Werner Zenz, Manfred Sagmeister, Clementien Vermont, Gabriella de Vries, Laura Kolberg, Emma Lim, Marko Pokorn, Dace Zavadska, Federico Martinon-Torres, Irene Rivero-Calle, Nienke N. Hagedoorn, Effua Usuf, Luregn Schlapbach, Taco W. Kuijpers, Andrew J. Pollard, Shunmay Yeung, Colin Fink, Marie Voice, Enitan Carrol, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Aakash Khanijau, Stephane Paulus, Tisham De, Jethro Adam Herberg, Michael Levin, Michiel van der Flier, Ronald de Groot, Ruud Nijman, Marieke Emonts
Summary: This study externally validated and updated the Feverkids clinical prediction model for differentiating bacterial pneumonia and other SBIs from non-SBI causes of fever in immunocompromised children. The model showed good discrimination for bacterial pneumonia but poorer performance for other SBIs. The rule-out thresholds have the potential to reduce unnecessary investigations and antibiotics in this high-risk group.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Fabian J. S. van der Velden, Emma Lim, Lily Gills, Jasmin Broadey, Louise Hayes, Eve Roberts, Jack Courtney, Joanne Ball, Jethro Herberg, Rachel Galassini, Marieke Emonts, DIAMONDS consortium
Summary: This study explores the views and knowledge of children and young people in the UK regarding biobanking and consent. The findings suggest that most children accept prospective and deferred consent, and prefer to reconsent when cognitively mature enough. Additionally, children wanted to be informed about the reuse of their biobanked biospecimens.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Antonio Salas, Irene Rivero-Calle, Federico Martinon-Torres
Summary: Vaccine hesitancy is considered a top global health threat by the WHO. This study investigates the ability of the AI chatbot ChatGPT to generate opinions on vaccine hesitancy by examining its response to prevalent false information, contraindications, and myths about vaccine safety circulating on the internet. The findings suggest that while ChatGPT's default responses may be incomplete, they are generally satisfactory and have the potential to guide users towards scientifically aligned information, though it cannot replace experts or scientific evidence itself.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
David Chun-Ern Ng, Kah Kee Tan, Chuin Hen Liew, Yik Wan Low, Ling Chin, Munzir Bin Jamil, Debashini A. P. Chandirasekharan, Suhaila Binti Baharuddin, Yee Keat Cheah
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of young infants hospitalized with COVID-19 and study the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal COVID-19 vaccination on the severity of COVID-19. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding was protective against serious COVID-19 in young infants.
PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
David Chun-Ern Ng, Chuin-Hen Liew, Kah Kee Tan, Hui Yi Lim, Nur Emylia Binti Zailanalhuddin, Shir Fong Tan, Vishnu Arvindran A. L. Chandra Mohan, Sindu A. P. Mahendran, Yuong Chie Tan, Ling Chin, Song-Quan Ong, Caroline Siew Yin Eng
Summary: This study describes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The findings demonstrate an age-based variation in the clinical presentation of MIS-C, with a spectrum of symptoms and organ involvement. Despite the high requirement for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, the prognosis of MIS-C was favorable, with no recorded mortalities.
PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)