Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Zhao, He Zhao, Chun-Cheng Zhang, Xiao-Hui Yang, Kang Chen, Yang Xue, Qian Li, Shu-Ying Deng, Hui-Zhen Cai
Summary: Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in treating type 2 diabetes. However, the exact mechanism of how LBP alleviates diabetes through GLP1 has not been adequately elucidated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Syed Faizan Mehdi, Suma Pusapati, Muhammad Saad Anwar, Durga Lohana, Parkash Kumar, Savitri Aninditha Nandula, Fatima Kausar Nawaz, Kevin Tracey, Huan Yang, Derek LeRoith, Michael J. Brownstein, Jesse Roth
Summary: Inflammation is involved in many chronic conditions and stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. GLP-1 levels are associated with disease severity and can serve as markers of inflammation. Previous studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of oxytocin, hCG, ghrelin, alpha-MSH and ACTH, while the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 have only recently been recognized. GLP-1 has been shown to be beneficial in treating type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperglycemia by reducing inflammation and cell death.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katherine O. Kopp, Elliot J. Glotfelty, Yazhou Li, Nigel H. Greig
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and targeting this inflammation has not been effectively utilized in clinical treatments. The risk of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases is associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, suggesting that alleviating diabetes pathology may help treat neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. GLP-1 is a hormone that promotes healthy insulin signaling and has shown anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Neng Jiang, Lin Jing, Qing Li, Sibiao Su, Qimeng Yang, Feng Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Jing Han, Chunli Tang, Weizhong Tang
Summary: Dual activation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) can potentially lead to effective therapy for diabetes and obesity. Novel peptides with dual activity on GLP-1R and GCGR were discovered through rational design, with xGLP/GCG-15 showing promising anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in preclinical studies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh, Neda Khalili, Amirreza Khalaji, Pouya Behnam, Leila Alizadeh, Sara Ebrahimi, Neda Gilani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Seyed Alisalar Madinehzadeh, Mohammad Zarei
Summary: This study found that circulating levels of GLP-1 were lower in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to healthy controls, and were associated with the severity of liver disease.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shiau Chin Chong, Norlela Sukor, Sarah Anne Robert, Kim Fong Ng, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin
Summary: This study aimed to resolve conflicting findings about GLP-1 levels in different glucose tolerance states among Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. The results showed that GLP-1 levels were higher in T2DM and pre-DM compared to NGT, suggesting a possible adaptive compensatory response. Among the three ethnic groups, Indians had the highest levels of GLP-1 and insulin resistance, supporting the notion of an adaptive compensatory secretion of GLP-1.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Li Qiang, Yang Qimeng, Han Jing, Liu Xiaohan, Fu Junjie, Yin Jian
Summary: Peptide dual agonists that target both GLP-1R and GCGR receptors have emerged as potential therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes with obesity. O-GlcNAcylation was shown to improve the stability of a dual GLP-1R/GCGR agonist, leading to significant weight loss and hypoglycemic effects.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Baocheng Xie, Shichun Chen, Yongxiang Xu, Weichao Han, Runkai Hu, Minyi Chen, Yusheng Zhang, Shaobo Ding
Summary: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are closely related, and GLP-1RAs may help in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting bone formation, but more research is needed to clarify their specific effects and mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiina Vesterinen, Elina Peltola, Helena Leijon, Paeivi Hannula, Heini Huhtala, Markus J. Makinen, Lasse Nieminen, Elina Pirinen, Mikko Ronty, Mirva Soderstrom, Pia Jaatinen, Johanna Arola
Summary: This study found that the lack of GLP-1R expression in insulinomas is associated with metastatic disease and impaired prognosis. GLP-1R expression could be a useful biomarker in estimating the metastatic potential and prognosis of surgically treated patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria F. Fernandes, Michelle Tomczewski, Robin E. Duncan
Summary: This study found that chronic inflammation leads to reduced GLP-1 secretion and impaired GSIS. Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) inhibit GLP-1 secretion in vitro and in vivo through G alpha(i)-coupled LPAR1/3 signaling, linking inflammation with impaired GSIS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yongliang Yuan, Zhiming Yan, Qifang Lao, Neng Jiang, Shuangmin Wu, Qinpei Lu, Jing Han, Songfeng Zhao
Summary: The development of a unimolecular triple agonist peptide targeting GLP-1, glucagon, and Y2 receptors shows great potential as a novel anti-obesity and anti-diabetic agent. This peptide, 3b, demonstrated potent activity in reducing food intake without causing nausea and had better effects on lipid metabolism, body weight, and glycemic control compared to other agonist counterparts. Targeting GLP-1R, GCGR, and Y2R with a unimolecular triple agonist peptide offers a promising route for developing new treatments for obesity and T2DM.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul, Priska Stahel, Alyssa Zembroski, Lili Tian, Changting Xiao, Avital Nahmias, Ian Bookman, Kimberly K. Buhman, Gary F. Lewis
Summary: GLP-2 increases CM secretion without mobilizing CLDs in the intestine. Proteomic analysis identified potential proteins involved in GLP-2-mediated CM secretion. This suggests that GLP-2 enhances CM secretion through a different mechanism than glucose.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Avital Nahmias, Priska Stahel, Lili Tian, Changting Xiao, Gary F. Lewis
Summary: The study found that GLP-1R antagonism enhances intestinal TG output in rats by stimulating lymph flow and increasing lymph TG concentration. This indicates that endogenously secreted GLP-1 after a lipid bolus is sufficient to modulate CM secretion in rats.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yuta Fujiwara, Shunsuke Yamane, Norio Harada, Eri Ikeguchi-Ogura, Ryota Usui, Toshihiro Nakamura, Kanako Iwasaki, Kazuyo Suzuki, Daisuke Yabe, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Nobuya Inagaki
Summary: This study demonstrates the inhibitory role of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CAR8) in GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine preproglucagon (PPG) cells, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to diabetes and obesity through augmentation of postprandial GLP-1 secretion by CAR8 inhibition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Baptist Gallwitz
Summary: Incretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have been established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The development of novel dual- or triple-receptor agonists aims to target multiple metabolic pathways simultaneously. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown promising effects in reducing glycemic parameters and body weight. This article provides an overview of the current clinical study program and highlights the potential indications for tirzepatide in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities of type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)