Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xue-Yan Duan, Shu-Yan Liu, Dao-Gen Yin
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs have been shown to improve cardiovascular and renal prognosis in T2D patients, but the relative efficacy of different drugs on cardiorenal outcomes remains unclear. Network meta-analysis revealed that sotagliflozin was one of the most effective drugs in reducing MI, stroke, MACE, and HHF, while ertugliflozin was not effective in this regard.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aihua Wang, Huilin Tang, Ning Zhang, Xin Feng
Summary: The network meta-analysis suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with a decreased risk of asthma, while DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs do not significantly affect asthma incidence. Further studies using real-world data are needed to confirm these results.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Almudena Castro Conde, Domingo Marzal Martin, Raquel Campuzano Ruiz, Maria Rosa Fernandez Olmo, Carlos Morillas Arino, Juan Jose Gomez Doblas, Jose Luis Gorriz Teruel, Pilar Mazon Ramos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Maria Jose Soler Romeo, David Leon Jimenez, Vicente Arrarte Esteban, Juan Carlos Obaya Rebollar, Carlos Escobar Cervantes, Juan J. Gorgojo Martinez
Summary: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant global public health issue, associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and mortality. Early intervention is crucial, focusing on lifestyle changes and prescription of drugs that reduce complications, aiming for metabolic control and comprehensive vascular risk control. This consensus document provides a more appropriate approach for managing patients with T2DM or its complications, highlighting the importance of cardiovascular risk factor control, weight inclusion in therapeutic goals, patient education, deprescription of non-cardiovascular beneficial drugs, and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors as cardiovascular protective drugs on par with statins, acetylsalicylic acid, or renin angiotensin system inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mei Qiu, Liang-Liang Ding, Hai-Rong Zhou
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes in CVOTs. Canagliflozin was most effective in reducing MACE and HHF, while empagliflozin was most effective in reducing CVD, CVD or HHF, KFP, and ACD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesco Zaccardi, David E. Kloecker, Kamlesh Khunti, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: The probability of clinical superiority to placebo varies widely across trials previously reported as showing superiority of GLP-1RAs or SGLT2is compared with placebo. These results showed within- and between-class differences, highlight the drawbacks of a binary interpretation of the results, particularly in the context of the current designs of non-inferiority trials, and have implications for decision makers and future clinical recommendations.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carla Pelusi
Summary: Chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus often lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men. The primary factors contributing to this hormonal imbalance include central or visceral obesity and inflammation. New antidiabetic drugs have shown promising results in improving gonadal function in patients with hypogonadism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carlos Escobar, Vivencio Barrios, Juan Cosin, Jose Maria Gamez Martinez, Ana Isabel Huelmos Rodrigo, Carolina Ortiz Cortes, Javier Torres Llergo, Carolina Requeijo, Ivan Sola, M. Jose Martinez Zapata
Summary: Results from this study show that in type 2 diabetes patients not using metformin, GLP1-RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the risk of MACE compared to placebo. This suggests that these two medications may help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jedidiah I. Morton, Jenni Ilomaki, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw
Summary: Recent studies have shown that individuals in more disadvantaged areas are less likely to receive newer diabetes medications compared to those in less disadvantaged areas. While these disparities have decreased over time, significant differences in medication receipt continue to exist between major cities and remote areas in Australia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mauro Rigato, Gian Paolo Fadini, Angelo Avogaro
Summary: This study aimed to assess the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that SGLT2is were well tolerated in the elderly, but older patients were underrepresented in clinical trials.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Svenja Meyhoefer, Alexander J. Eckert, Michael Hummel, Markus Laimer, Michael Roden, Stephan Kress, Jochen Seufert, Sebastian M. Meyhoefer, Reinhard W. Holl
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and associated comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that elevated liver enzymes were common in patients with type 2 diabetes and were associated with a higher prevalence of clinically relevant comorbidities such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Therefore, assessing liver enzymes is important in the clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Melanie J. Davies, Heinz Drexel, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Zoltan Pataky, Petar M. Seferovic, Christoph Wanner
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Data from cardiovascular outcomes trials show that certain glucose-lowering medications, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, have cardioprotective effects and can reduce cardiovascular events and mortality risk, as well as the risks of heart failure hospitalization, renal disease progression, and all-cause mortality. International guidelines now prioritize the use of these medications in the management of type 2 diabetes.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yu-Chen Su, Shih-Chieh Shao, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai, Chaw-Ning Lee, Ming-Jui Hung, Chi-Chun Lai, Sheng-Min Hsu, Jia-Horung Hung
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the risk of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results showed that patients newly receiving SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower risk of DMO compared to those receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ajinath Kale, Himanshu Sankrityayan, Hans-Joachim Anders, Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
Summary: SGLT2i have shown potential in reducing the risk of acute kidney injury and may be linked to the anti-aging protein Klotho, offering benefits in the management of diabetes and cardiorenal diseases.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Romana Prandi, Lucy Barone, Dalgisio Lecis, Martina Belli, Domenico Sergi, Marialucia Milite, Stamatios Lerakis, Francesco Romeo, Francesco Barilla
Summary: This review discusses the biomolecular mechanisms of cardiorenal protective effects of SGLT2-Is, which primarily act through non-glucose-mediated pathways, leading to reduced progression of chronic renal disease and improved cardiovascular function.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dario Giugliano, Miriam Longo, Simona Signoriello, Maria Ida Maiorino, Bruno Solerte, Paolo Chiodini, Katherine Esposito
Summary: According to the results of network meta-analysis, GLP-1RA and SGLT-2 inhibitors are superior to DPP-4 inhibitors in reducing the risk of cardiorenal outcomes. Compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors have a more significant effect in reducing cardiovascular and overall mortality, while GLP-1RA only reduces overall mortality. There is no significant difference between GLP-1RA and SGLT-2 inhibitors in the risks of MACE, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, cardiovascular, and overall mortality. SGLT-2 inhibitors are superior to GLP-1RA in reducing the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and renal outcomes. Only GLP-1RA can reduce the risk of nonfatal stroke.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
