Article
Microbiology
Tzu-Chuan Ho, Yung-Hsuan Wang, Yi-Ling Chen, Wan-Chi Tsai, Che-Hsin Lee, Kuo-Pin Chuang, Yi-Ming Arthur Chen, Cheng-Hui Yuan, Sheng-Yow Ho, Ming-Hui Yang, Yu-Chang Tyan
Summary: The systematic review found that chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) do not show efficacy in treating severe COVID-19 patients, and may cause serious adverse reactions, particularly during treatment of severe cases.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Amin Gasmi, Massimiliano Peana, Sadaf Noor, Roman Lysiuk, Alain Menzel, Asma Gasmi Benahmed, Geir Bjorklund
Summary: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are considered promising agents against the new coronavirus, with antiviral effects demonstrated in vitro. These drugs can reduce immune reactions, inhibit inflammation, and potentially treat viral infections and related ailments. Studies are ongoing to determine their efficacy and safety in treating COVID-19.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bianza Moise Bakadia, Feng He, Tiatou Souho, Lallepak Lamboni, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Biaou Ode Boni, Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed, Biampata Mutu Mukole, Guang Yang
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred discussions on various treatment and prevention methods, with some showing potential effects but also facing controversies. The focus is on finding effective solutions for sustainable pandemic control.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dingzhong Li, Jianbing Hu, Dian Li, Weijun Yang, Shuang-Feng Yin, Renhua Qiu
Summary: COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, prompting scientists to research a variety of drugs for potential anti-viral activity. Commonly used drugs include chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, and Remdesivir.
TOPICS IN CURRENT CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Britney Niemann, Amanda Puleo, Conley Stout, Justin Markel, Brian A. Boone
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the detailed mechanisms of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and their clinical applications in various disease areas. Previous research has focused on specific pathways without considering the overall context, while this review offers a broader perspective and identifies common themes in the literature.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kimberley Lewis, Dipayan Chaudhuri, Fayez Alshamsi, Laiya Carayannopoulos, Karin Dearness, Zain Chagla, Waleed Alhazzani
Summary: The use of hydroxychloroquine as a prophylaxis for COVID-19 did not show significant reduction in the risks of infection, hospitalization, or mortality compared to placebo. However, it increased the risk of adverse events. Therefore, current evidence does not support the clinical benefit of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine and shows a higher risk of adverse events.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammad Bahadoram, Bijan Keikhaei, Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni, Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
Summary: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are aminoquinoline drugs that have shown antagonistic activity against COVID-19 in laboratory conditions, possibly by inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammasomes play a key role in diseases associated with destructive inflammation, with the NLRP3 inflammasome being important in the pathogenesis of viral diseases.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Nida Bokharee, Yusra Habib Khan, Aisha Khokhar, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Nasser Hadal Alotaibi, Maria Rasheed
Summary: This study systematically analyzed published and ongoing studies on pharmacological interventions for COVID-19, finding significant improvements in clinical and radiological status with tocilizumab, plasma exchange, and steroids. However, methodological disparities among the studies should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elangovan Manivannan, Chandrabose Karthikeyan, N. S. Hari Narayana Moorthy, Subash Chandra Chaturvedi
Summary: The rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19 have posed a global public health challenge. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were initially considered for the treatment of COVID-19, but their authorization was later revoked by FDA and WHO, emphasizing the need for evidence-based treatment protocols to address the pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Bugra Han Egeli, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Alfred H. J. Kim, Jean W. Liew
Summary: The use of antimalarials for COVID-19 has sparked numerous studies, with early small observational studies influencing treatment strategies, but later larger studies and randomized controlled trials revealing significant contrasts, as well as emerging cardiovascular risks associated with antimalarial use in COVID-19. These studies provide us with more insights into the use of antimalarials in COVID-19 treatment.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenjing Guo, Bohu Pan, Sugunadevi Sakkiah, Zuowei Ji, Gokhan Yavas, Yanhui Lu, Takashi E. Komatsu, Madhu Lal-Nag, Weida Tong, Tucker A. Patterson, Huixiao Hong
Summary: The study evaluated the safety concerns of 296 drugs used in COVID-19 clinical trials by analyzing adverse events reported in post-market surveillance. Z-scores were calculated to quantify the relative frequency of adverse events associated with the drugs, showing different significantly frequent adverse events. The results suggest that Z-scores may serve as a tool to inform selection of drugs with favorable safety profiles for COVID-19 patients in clinical practices, with caution advised for drugs with high Z-scores.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gaurav Joshi, Shikha Thakur, Mayank, Ramarao Poduri
Summary: This review presents the roles of chloroquine and its derivative hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of Covid-19, discussing their uses in different stages along with relevant pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters. It also critically analyzes the reported opinions on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 treatment and suggests the need for more studies to optimize dosing regimens and pharmacokinetic assessments.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Hozaifa Khalil Elsawah, Mohamed Ahmed Elsokary, Mahmoud Gamal Elrazzaz, Ahmed Hanei Elshafie
Summary: Assessing the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 showed significant effectiveness in preventing radiological progression while not showing clinical benefits or reducing mortality rates. Furthermore, adverse effects were reported with hydroxychloroquine therapy, indicating that the risks may outweigh the benefits in nonsevere COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tariq A. Altalhi, Khaled Alswat, Walaa F. Alsanie, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Ali Aldalbahi, Hamdy S. El-Sheshtawy
Summary: COVID-19, a pandemic disease discovered in Wuhan, China, has severely spread and impacted global social and economic activities. The search for an effective vaccine is challenging, leading to the re-proposing of effective drugs like Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as alternative solutions. These drugs are believed to inhibit COVID-19 by competitively binding with the cellular receptor Sialic acid.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Majid Mokhtari, Minoo Mohraz, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Hengameh Namdari Tabar, Jafar-Sadegh Tabrizi, Katayoun Tayeri, Saeide Aghamohamadi, Zahra Rajabpoor, Manoochehr Karami, Alireza Raeisi, Hamid Rahmani, Hossein Khalili
Summary: The study suggests that early use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may significantly reduce the odds of hospitalization or death in adults with mild COVID-19, regardless of age or comorbidities.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
